Abutilon Indicum Research Articles

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Evaluation of the Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Abutilon indicum.

In Indian traditional medicine, the Abutilon indicum plant, colloquially known as "Country mallow" or "Thuthi", has been vouched for its efficacy in treating conditions such as bronchitis and diabetes. The study aimed to explore the chemical constituents and antioxidant strength of the ethanolic extracts derived from the leaves of this plant (ELEAI). To qualitatively pinpoint the phytochemicals in the ethanolic extract of abutilon indicum leaves (ELEAI), utilize high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) to quantitatively analyze the identified compounds within the ELEAI, and gauge its antioxidant capability through the DPPH method, benchmarking the outcomes against the recognized standard, ascorbic acid. Abutilon indicum leaves, originating from Telangana, were authenticated by taxonomists at Osmania University. After cleaning and drying, the leaves were powdered. A mixture of ethanol and water (70:30 ratio) was then used to extract the compounds in a Soxhlet extractor for a duration of 72 hours at a temperature of 60°C. The liquid extract was subsequently evaporated to form a light-brown powder, which was stored at 20°C under shade for later use. Preliminary analyses indicated that ELEAI was rich in both primary and secondary metabolites. Luteolin, a known phytochemical, was quantitatively confirmed in the extract using HPTLC. Impressively, the DPPH assay highlighted ELEAI's remarkable antioxidant capabilities. Abutilon indicum showcases notable therapeutic potential with its rich phytochemical content and strong antioxidant activity, making it a promising candidate for further pharmacological research and natural drug formulation.

Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles from combined leaf extracts of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and Abutilon indicum(L.) and their biological effects – an In vitro study

Plant-based (Green) synthesis of Copper nanoparticles is of much interest to researchers currently because of its important applications in various fields of biotechnology. In this study, the production of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) utilizing an ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and Abutilon indicum (L.) leaves extract (CALE) and assess the therapeutical use of these nanoparticles. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was done by using this ethanolic crude extract of the combined plant. The phytochemical tests showed positive results for the phytochemicals alkaloids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and phytosterols. The leaf extract was used for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles and in the reduction and capping of the combined leaf extract CuNPs, it was discovered that the bioactive phytoconstituents condensed tannins, played a crucial role by the reduction of copper ions was identified by the change in color from blue to light green. SEM image showed the morphology and size of the nanoparticles and their binding ability with the combined leaf extracts. The spherical biogenic combined leaf extracts of CuNP’s were measured to have a size between 5 and 25 nm by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed maximum wavelength at 224nm and XRD showed three strong peaks for its crystallinity and maximum was observed at 2063.0. From their characterization of synthesized CuNPs anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory methods were assessed. The samples showed different diameters of zone of inhibition at different concentrations by using Ampicillin as positive control. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, and the protection percentage increased with an increase in the concentration of the samples.

Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles from Combined leaf extracts of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and Abutilon Indicum(L.) and their biological effects – an In vitro study

Plant-based (Green) synthesis of Copper nanoparticles is of much interest to researchers currently because of its important applications in various fields of biotechnology. In this study, the production of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) utilizing an ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and Abutilon indicum (L.) leaves extract (CALE) and assess the therapeutical use of these nanoparticles. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was done by using this ethanolic crude extract of the combined plant. The phytochemical tests showed positive results for the phytochemicals alkaloids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and phytosterols. The leaf extract was used for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles and in the reduction and capping of the combined leaf extract CuNPs, it was discovered that the bioactive phytoconstituents condensed tannins, played a crucial role by the reduction of copper ions was identified by the change in color from blue to light green. SEM image showed the morphology and size of the nanoparticles and their binding ability with the combined leaf extracts. The spherical biogenic combined leaf extracts of CuNP’s were measured to have a size between 5 and 25 nm by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed maximum wavelength at 224nm and XRD showed three strong peaks for its crystallinity and maximum was observed at 2063.0. From their characterization of synthesized CuNPs anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory methods were assessed. The samples showed different diameters of zone of inhibition at different concentrations by using Ampicillin as positive control. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, and the protection percentage increased with an increase in the concentration of the samples.

Pharmacological and ethnobotanical studies of angiosperms from Shamli region of district Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

Plants are essential to our life as they provide us with food and, through photosynthesis, release oxygen into the atmosphere. Historical accounts about plants demonstrate their many benefits to humans and other living things. Rapid population growth and industrialization have damaged agricultural and forest flora. Raising awareness of the value of plants for sustainable development is necessary. This study focuses on the medicinal benefit of the phyto-diversity of angiosperms from the Shamli region of Uttar Pradesh and their medicinal value for mankind. Shamli is located near the Ganga River, on the eastern side of the Yamuna River at an elevation of 248 meters above sea level. This region's ideal temperature is between 13.8°C and 33.2°C. The vegetation of Shamli is enhanced by a variety of trees, shrubs, and plants. In addition to documenting fifty plant species that belong to several angiosperm genera and families, such as Abutilon indicum, Aegle marmelos, Azadirachta Indica, Moringa oliefera, and Calotropis gigantea, a critical study of the area's plant life has been conducted. The engagement with the locals of the Shamli region recorded the ethnomedicinal significance of the collected plants.

Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Plant Extracts of Acacia arabica, Prosopis juliflora, Abutilon indicum, and Bryonia laciniosa on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli

BACKGROUND: In the recent era, biological treatment using therapeutic microbes or phytochemicals has proven more beneficial than conventional methods due to several reasons - permanent control of weeds, host-specific control, cost-effectiveness, and low health risk. This study determined the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, and _Escherichia coli_ against plants like _Acacia arabica_, _Prosopis juliflora_, _Abutilon indicum_, and _Bryonia laciniosa_. Given the importance and ease of using phytochemicals in modern Microbiology, this study has been carried out towards the approach of green synthesis of antimicrobial agents. METHODS: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, and _Escherichia coli_ using extracts from plants like _Acacia arabica_, _Prosopis juliflora_, _Abutilon indicum_, and _Bryonia laciniosa_. Antimicrobial properties of plant extracts were analyzed by determining the _Zone of Inhibition_ (_ZOI_). The antibiogram pattern of isolated _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, and _Escherichia coli_ was observed to be Susceptible, Intermediate, and Slightly Resistant to _Acacia arabica_, _Prosopis juliflora_, _Abutilon indicum_, and _Bryonia laciniosa_. RESULTS: Phytochemical analysis indicates that the extracts of _Acacia arabica_, _Prosopis juliflora_, _Abutilon indicum_, and _Bryonia laciniosa_ have the potential for use in managing _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, and _Escherichia coli_. Further phytochemical analysis is required to identify the active components of plant extracts showing antimicrobial activity.

A new species and new record of the genus Pexicopia (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) feeding on Abutilon indicum from India

A new species, Pexicopia tungabhadrai sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), feeding on Abutilon indicum is described from Karnataka, India. Also, this is the first report of the genus Pexicopia Common, 1958 from India. Images of adult moths, male and female genitalia and immature stages are provided.

Screening of endophytic Bacteria from stress-tolerating plants for abiotic stress tolerance and plant growth-promoting properties: Identification of potential strains for bioremediation and crop enhancement

Enhancing plant productivity and fortifying defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses is crucial for sustainable agriculture. To achieve this, researchers have investigated the use of endophytic bacteria as a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In this study, 50 endophytic microbes were isolated from stress-tolerant parts of different plants, including Lantana camara, Phoenix dactylifera, Hemerocallis fulva, Salvia rosmarinus, Commiphora wightii, and Abutilon indicum. These microbes were evaluated for their tolerance to abiotic stresses and ability to promote plant growth. Among the isolates, R1L2 and A2L2L2 exhibited the highest tolerance to salt stress, withstanding up to 16% NaCl. DL2R2, R1L2, and A1S1S were the most tolerant to lead stress, tolerating up to 6% w/v lead. For cadmium stress, R1L2, DL3R2, and DP1L1L1 showed the highest tolerance, enduring up to 6% w/v cadmium. The isolates were also assessed for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities, including the production of IAA, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, HCN, siderophore, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. All isolates were positive for nitrogen fixation attribute. However, under specific stress conditions, all isolates showed negative results for HCN production, siderophore production, or inorganic phosphate solubilization. Isolates A1S1S and DL3R2 demonstrated positive results for producing phytohormones such as IAA, Gibberellin, and Cytokinin. Through phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA gene sequencing, isolate A1S1S was identified as Pelomonas aquatic (accession no. OP984335), and isolate DL3R2 was identified as Solibacillus silvestris (accession no. OP854919). These findings suggest that the endophytic strains Pelomonas aquatic and Solibacillus silvestris have potential applications as multi-stress reducers, bioremediation agents, and crop growth promoters in essential crops.

Effect of fiber content and wear parameters on abrasive wear behaviour of abutilon indicum fiber reinforced epoxy composites and its prediction using ANFIS

Applications of natural fiber-reinforced composites are growing tremendously from the last two decades, due to their exceptional properties over synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. For many engineering applications, better mechanical and tribological properties are the major requirements of polymer composites. As a result of this, investigation of the wear properties of polymer composites is an important characteristic. For this purpose, a three-body abrasive wear analysis was carried out using a pin-on disc experimental setup as per ASTM G 99 standards. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the specific wear of the abutilon indicum fiber reinforced epoxy composite with variations of fiber content, load, speed, and time. An emery polishing paper of grade 1/0 was attached to the disc to find the wear against the abrasive particles. The box-Behnken design was used to carry out the experimental trials and the results are noted down. The highest specific wear rate was observed to be 2.9 E12 at 10 ​wt% of fiber and at 30 ​N load. Wear properties were predicted using the ANFIS technique and compared with the experimental values. Moreover, SEM analysis was also carried out on the wear samples to study morphology and revealed that the worn surface contains micro-cracks, matrix debonding, and debris.

Estimation of Biocidal Potential of Desert Phytopowders for the Management of Citrus Canker

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops, throughout the world. It is a rich source of antioxidants and vitamin C. Citrus canker is a potential threat to its successful production. In current study, ten desert phytopowders including Xanthium strumarium, Dipterygium galucun, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, haloxylon recurvum, Suaeda fruticosa, Salsola baryosma, Citruluscolocynthis, Abutilon indicum, Aerva javanica, and Calotropis procera at three different concentrations (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) were evaluated under in vitro conditions against Xanthomonas citri pv. citri. Among all phytopowders, X. strumarium and S. fruticosa, showed maximum inhibition zone (40 mm) followed by S. baryosma(38.50 mm) C. colocynthis(37 mm), Abutilon indicum(34 mm), H. recurvum(32 mm), D. galucun (30.5 mm), A. javanica, (29.50 mm), L. pyrotechnica, (29.5 mm) and C. procera (28 mm) as compared to control. Then, effective phytopowders were applied under greenhouse and field conditions @ 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% against citrus canker. Combination of X. strumarium + S. baryosma showed minimum disease severity (22%) followed by X. strumarium (26%), X. strumarium + S. fruticosa (27%), S. fruticosa (27%), X. strumarium + S. baryosma (27%), and S. baryosma (29%) as compared to control. While in field experiment, the combination of X. strumarium + S. fruticosa showed significant results with minimum disease severity (32%) followed by S. fruticosa + S. baryosma (32%), X. strumarium + S. baryosma (33%), S. baryosma (35%), X. strumarium (36%) and S. fruticosa (36%) as compared to control. It is concluded that application of X. strumarium + S. baryosma phytopowders will be helpful for farmers to combat citrus canker.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ABUTILON INDICUM LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Purpose: Periodontitis, the leading cause of tooth loss, is ascribed to periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal tissues. Amongst them, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia are contemplated to be prime consortium in the succession of periodontitis. As there has been a gradual escalation in antibiotic resistance over the last decade, phyto drugs have presumed an eminent part as a feasible substitute therapy in dentistry. Hence experimentation of new antimicrobial compounds procured from the herbal product is the need of the hour. Functional components of Abutilon indicum, i.e., flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, triterpenoids and glycosides, bring about an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. So, the present study is conducted to estimate the antimicrobial activity of Abutilon indicum extract against Aggregatibacter actimomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia. Methodology: Bacterial strains, particularly Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia, were cultured on Thioglycollate broth. Minimum inhibitory concentration was detected by serial broth dilution of Abutilon indicum extract to 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.5, 3.12, 1.6, 0.8, 0.4, and 0.2 mg/ml, respectively. The tubes were subsequently incubated for 48 hours at 37 °C. Results: Abutilon indicum impeded the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Abutilon indicum has the property of antibacterial activity against periodontopathic bacteria and may be an effective and efficient agent for averting periodontitis.

Alternate hosts of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and their role in its carry-over to cotton in North-Western India

Bemisia tabaci is a serious agricultural pest and vector of many economically important plant viruses worldwide. We studied the role of alternate host plants in carry-over of B. tabaci to cotton crop in Punjab province of India. One hundred thirteen plants in twenty nine families harboured the whitefly, but plants in Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Malvaceae were preferred hosts. During winter months, vegetables Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosumm, Ipomoea batatus and perennial weeds namely Abutilon indicum, Solanum nigrum and Xanthium strumarium played major role in the overwintering of the pest. Cucurbits, S. melongena, Solanum lycopersicum, Abelmoschus esculentus and Vigna radiata had the highest potential for harbouring B. tabaci during spring season and carry- over of the pest to cotton crop. We recommended that weed hosts that harbour the B. tabaci should be removed, whereas cucurbits, brinjal, tomato, okra and moong should be monitored regularly during spring season. The insecticides should be applied sparingly on spring hosts to prevent population buildup and to reduce carry-over of B. tabaci to cotton and other kharif crops in north western India.

Mechanical characterization of Abutilon Indicum fiber nonwoven fabric epoxy composite materials

The effect of nonwoven Abutilon Indicum fiber content (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 wt%) on the structure (FTIR, SEM) and selected mechanical and thermal (TGA) properties of epoxy resin was investigated. The best mechanical properties were obtained with a fiber content of 35 wt%. The tensile strength of the composite was about 40 MPa, the flexural strength over 60 MPa, and the compressive strength about 48 MPa. Moreover, the composite showed the fracture energy about 0.44 J.

Therapeutic role of biogenic silver and gold nanoparticles against a DMH-induced colon cancer model

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third among fatal diseases afflicting mankind globally due to the shortage of primary detection methods and appropriate choice of drugs. Moreover, current treatments such as chemo drugs and radiotherapies create adverse effects and lead to drug resistance. In this context, recent advances in nanomedicine offer novel clinical solutions for colon cancer therapy. The current study denotes the therapeutic roles of biogenic Abutilon indicum silver and gold nanoparticles (AIAgNPs and AIAuNPs) against a 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced CRC in Wistar rats. Following treatment of nanoparticles (NPs), the CRC rats showed great localization of AIAgNPs and AIAuNPs in colon tumors shown by ICP-OES, indicating their bioavailability. The AIAgNPs and AIAuNPs significantly enhanced cellular antioxidant enzyme levels including catalase, SOD, GSH, GPx and reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO) compared to the standard drug paclitaxel. AIAgNPs and AIAuNPs revealed significant protection against metastasis compared to paclitaxel shown in the histopathological study. The important CRC signaling molecules of the Wnt pathway, the β-catenin and Tcf-4 levels were significantly downregulated in AIAgNPs and AIAuNPs treated CRC rats compared to paclitaxel. Furthermore, the expression levels of cleaved apoptotic caspase-9, −8, and − 3 and lamins were significantly upregulated in AIAgNPs and AIAuNPs treated CRC rats compared to paclitaxel. This preclinical study provides substantial insights into the anti-colon cancer roles of biogenic NPs and gives an idea for targeting different cancers.

Evaluation of ethanolic extract of leaves of Abutilon indicum on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema

Background: Inflammation is described as a localized physical condition whereat part of the body becomes swollen, reddened, hot, and consistently painful, largely as a response to injury or infection. Aim and Objectives: The current study is designed to study the Abutilon indicum for its anti-inflammatory activity in albino rats-induced paw edema by carrageenan. Materials and Methods: Randomly 30 albino rats from both sexes were taken and divided into five groups, six in each. Normal saline 25 mL/kg (control), diclofenac 9 mg/kg (standard), and three different doses of plant extract (EEAI) such as 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg (3 test groups) were given in respective groups, after 1-h injection of 0.1 mL of 0.2% carrageenan solution into the sub plantar region of the right hind paw. At 0 h, after 1, 2, and 3 h, paw edema volume was measured by mercury displacement method using plethysmograph. The percentage of edema inhibition was measured in all five groups. Results: The percentage of edema inhibition for EEAI 500 mg/kg was 6.20%, 17.8%, and 26.72% after 1st, 2nd and 3rd h respectively and for EEAI 1000 mg/kg was 8.26%, 20.7%, 31.61% after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd h, respectively. Significant edema inhibition was observed after 2nd and 3rd h of drug administration (P < 0.05) in both groups treated with EEAI 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of A. indicum had shown dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity.

Investigation on Mechanical characterization of abutilon indicum fiber nonwoven fabric reinforced epoxy composite materials

Natural fibres find their way into many engineering applications in the automobile and aerospace sectors owing to their eco-friendly nature. Natural fiber produced from agricultural residue, is capable of enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials while lowering their overall cost. The main aim of the current study is to investigate such natural fiber, nonwoven fabric reinforced composites. In this work, samples reinforced by non-woven Abutilon indicum (AI) fibre are manufactured with varying fibre weight percentages, such as 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, using the hand layup method and needle-punching process to make the fabric and composite. Mechanical tests such as tensile, flexural, and compressive tests were using a universal testing machine, and impact tests were performed using an izod impact tester, in addition to morphological and thermal studies were performed on the above composites and their respect compositions. The effect of the fibres on FTIR and TGA was also investigated. In order to understand the bonding behaviors and the fractured composite specimens were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The findings revealed that the highest values of tensile and flexural strength were observed to be 39.796 MPa and 62.329 MPa at 35 wt% fibre and maximum impact strength and compressive strength were 0.441 joules and 47.45 Mpa at 35 wt% fibre.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR GROWTH PROMOTING EFFICIENCY IN Cirrhinus mrigala – A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Aquaculture has a significant impact on wholesome human food. These species contain a wide range of nutrients, such as proteins, lipids, and a number of minerals. The environment, immunity, and growth rate of the fish must be improved with mediating elements in order to achieve mass production while preserving the stability of aquaculture. The use of herbal treatments to strengthen immune response has been discussed in numerous studies. This study has focused on the effects of a few plants leaf extract, including neem(Azadirachta indica), thulasi (Ocimumsanctum) and thuthi (Abutilon indicum) on Cirrhinus mrigalagrowth rate. By performing a preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MSanalysis, the entire leaf extract was described. The extract from the leaves of the three therapeutic plants contains more than 30 significant phytocomponents. A feeding trial was done to see how Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings responded to dietary leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Abutilon indicum, and combination extract. Given that herbs are a natural and risk-free strategy, adding such herbs to animal diets to enhance aquaculture appears helpful. A substantial increase in weight and growth rate was observed in all studies that examined growth rate metrics, such as specific growth rate and percent growth rate. This evidence supported the benefits of using specific herbs, particularly combined leaves extract, which has been shown to significantly promote growth in Cirrhinus mrigala.

Futuristic scope of weed suppressing butterflies in coastal agricultural ecosystem

Butterflies are among the most attractive and colourful organisms on the planet, with a high aesthetic value. These are bio-indicators of the environment and ecosystem. The adults of butterflies are pollinating many plant species and their young ones (larva) feed on crop plants and weeds. The presence of weed-eating butterflies in agro-ecosystems has made a significant contribution to natural weed suppression thereby reducing the consumption of herbicides. In this context, an attempt was made to survey for butterflies in the coastal agro-ecosystem of selected localities in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu during winter season 2021-22. Butterflies survey was done twice a month in the study area and the larval weed host plants were also documented. The results of the study showed that a total of 188 weed suppressing butterflies which comprised six species and five genera were observed from the study area under the families Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae of the Order Lepidoptera. Among the species of weed suppressing butterflies, Hypolimnas misippus was found maximum in the survey followed by H. bolina of Nymphalidae family. The important weed hosts found in the study area were Cleome viscosa, Portulaca oleracea, Abutilon indicum, Corchorus depressus, Achyranthes aspera and Amaranthus viridis. The diversity of weed suppressing butterflies in the study area of coastal district offers a possible exploitation and scope in weed management in agro-ecosystems naturally.

Characterization of novel natural cellulosic fibers from Abutilon Indicum for potential reinforcement in polymer composites

AbstractThe prime objective of this research study was the investigation the new natural cellulosic fiber extracted from the stem of Abutilon Indicum plants as an alternative reinforcement in greener composite materials for structural applications. Abutilon Indicum a flowering plant with unique medicinal values are abundantly found in India and other south Asian countries. The fibers extracted from the stem of the Abutilon Indicum plant are proven to be sustainable, ecofriendly, and novel and hence this fiber is chosen for characterization study. In this experimental investigation the physical, chemical, thermal, morphological, crystallinity, chemical constituents, and surface characteristics of raw Abutilon Indicum fibers (AIF) were analyzed. Chemical analysis results convey the presence of higher cellulose content of (56.12 wt.%) in AIF. The diameter (175 μm) and density (1.170 g/cm3) of AIFs are determined by physical analysis of the raw fibers. Such lower density values observed in AIF make it as a perfect material for lightweight applications. Crystalline properties of AIFs are determined from X‐ray diffraction tests with a crystalline index of 77.35%, and crystalline size of 2.20 nm, which attributes to the presence of cellulose‐1β and the crystallites are ordered in nature. Thermal stability of 175°C, maximum degradation temperature upto 302.6°C and kinetic activation energy of 86.95 kJ/mol of AIF are established based on thermo gravimetric analysis. Morphological and surface characteristics of AIF through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis revealed that the raw fibers display a relatively finer surface. Research findings of the AIF mentioned above conclude that the AIFs prove to be an ideal, alternative reinforcement in greener composite materials for sustainable and cleaner production of components in structural applications.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Abutilon indicum leaves extract and their evaluation of antibacterial, anticancer in human A549 lung and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

In currently, biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are most widely used numerous in biological applications such as biosensor, energy, medicine, agriculture, environmental and industrial wastewater treatment. The hierarchical CuO NPs was synthesized via green chemistry method by using of Abutilon indicum (A. indicum) leaf extract, its nontoxic, facile and low-cost approaches. Biogenic synthesized CuO NPs was characterized by using a UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field mission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The synthesized CuO NPs was performed antibacterial activity against human pathogenic organisms of both Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria by using agar well diffusion method. Biological synthesized CuO NPs was showed potential bactericidal activity against Gram positive bacteria of B. subtilis than compared to Gram negative bacteria of E. coli. The cytotoxic effect of A. indicum mediated synthesized CuO NPs was evaluated against to human lung A549 and breast MDA-MB-231cancer cell lines by determined using of MTT assay. In furthermore, photocatalytic dye degradation was performed that synthesized CuO NPs have effectively removed 78% of malachite green dye molecule. Our investigation results suggested that the green synthesized CuO NPs potential biological activity of antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacterial, anticancer activity was effectively against MDA-MB-231cancer cell line and good dye degradation was exhibited in malachite green. The A. indicum aqueous leaf extract mediated synthesized CuO NPs has strongly suggested promising nano-biomaterials for fabrication of biomedical applications.

Study of in vitro activity on glucose uptake of 3T3L1 cells, RIN5f cells, and glycemic index stimulation inhibitory effect of Abutilon indicum (L.) extract

Study of in vitro activity on glucose uptake of 3T3L1 cells, RIN5f cells, and glycemic index stimulation inhibitory effect of Abutilon indicum (L.) extract