Absorption Zone Research Articles

Integrated molten and vapor condensation of polymeric carbon nitride photoelectrode towards efficient water splitting

Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has received extensive attention in suspension photocatalysis, whereas the preparation of high-quality PCN film is still at an initial stage, limiting its practical application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems. Herein, an integrated molten and vapor condensation route is realized using small molecule precursors dicyandiamide (DCDA) and thiourea (TU) to form PCN film photoelectrode with high performance. The in-situ deposition route endows the PCN film with a composite structure including a thick porous zone with suitable thickness for light absorption and thin compact zone with a higher C/N ratio for better charge transportations. The growth of the specific film and the functions of precursors DCDA and TU are investigated in detail. Owing to the unique condensation route and film structure, this PCN film exhibits excellent performance in PEC water splitting with a photocurrent density of ca. 140 µA cm−2 in 0.1 mol L−1 NaOH electrolyte at 1.23 VRHE, which is competitive or higher than the results of the reported PCN photoanodes prepared by the molten-mediated method and thermal vapor condensation. The integrated molten and vapor condensation strategy is enlightening for comprehending the growth of PCN photoelectrodes.

CMOS Integrated 32 A/W and 1.6 GHz Avalanche Photodiode Based on Electric Field-Line Crowding

This letter presents a new Si CMOS linear-mode avalanche photodiode (APD) based on an electric field distribution formed by field-line crowding. In this structure, a spherical avalanching electric field is enforced by field-line crowding due to the curvature of the half-sphere cathode (n-well). The electric field extends radially and, therefore, the entire low-doped epitaxial layer serves as charge collection zone. This APD can provide high responsivity and bandwidth due to its thick absorption zone and drift-based carrier transport. Measurements using a 675 nm laser source at 200 nW optical power show a maximum bandwidth of 1.6 GHz while the responsivity is 32 A/W. In addition, a maximum responsivity of 3.05 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \,\,10^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/W at 5 nW optical power is achieved. Due to the high avalanche gain, large bandwidth, and CMOS compatibility without any process modification, this APD is a promising optical detector for many applications.

Mechanism of photo-ionic stoichiometry changes in SrTiO3

The impact of UV light (λ = 365 nm) on defect chemistry and composition of undoped SrTiO3 single crystals was investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy. In-plane conductivity measurements between 280 and 450 °C in air reveal a drastic increase of the bulk conductivity upon UV illumination. The measured time dependence of this increase is in accordance with oxygen chemical diffusion in SrTiO3. The corresponding photo-induced change in defect concentrations is caused by oxygen being pumped from the gas phase into the oxide under UV irradiation. This affects the entire SrTiO3 crystal rather than only the thin UV absorption zone and leads to very high oxygen chemical potentials with nominal oxygen pressures up to 106 bar. After switching the UV light off, the resulting conductivity increase relaxes extremely slowly due to slow surface exchange kinetics. A mechanistic model is introduced to explain the impact of UV light on the oxygen chemical potential as well as on the oxygen vacancy and hole/electron concentrations in semiconducting oxides, here SrTiO3. This model is based on the formation of oxygen quasi-chemical potentials in the illuminated region. It is discussed how the interplay of four kinetic parameters causes the observed time-dependent stoichiometry and thus conductivity changes.

Root Morphological and Physiological Adaptations to Low Phosphate Enhance Phosphorus Efficiency at Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seedling Stage

The high phosphorus (P) acquisition ability of crops can reduce their dependence on artificial inorganic phosphate (Pi) supplementation under Pi-limited conditions. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is vulnerable to Pi deficiency. This study was carried out to explore the morphological and physiological responses of melon to low-Pi stress under a hydroponic system. The results show that low-Pi stress significantly disturbed nutrient homeostasis, reduced P content, and resulted in iron accumulation in melon seedlings and brown iron plaque formation on the root surface. A nutrient pool of P and Fe formed on the roots to forage for more Pi under low-Pi conditions. Severe long-term low-Pi stress promoted primary root elongation and inhibited lateral root growth, which increased the longitudinal absorption zone of the roots. The decrease in P content of the roots upregulated the expression of the acid phosphatase (APase) gene and increased APase activity. The high-affinity phosphate transporter (Pht1) genes were also upregulated significantly. These morphological and physiological responses significantly increased Pi uptake rate and P utilization efficiency at the melon seedling stage. These findings will be useful for screening low-Pi-tolerant varieties and sustaining melon production in P-limited environments.

APPLICATION OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES TO SEARCH FOR CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS ON THE SPECTRAL SIGNATURES BASE

The work is devoted to the study of Landsat-8 multispectral images of not high resolution using the spectral angle method on the base of spectral signatures libraries to detect objects under construction in an urban area. The physical basis of the research method is that all objects have different reflection coefficients depending on the wavelength. This property makes it possible to identify various substances by their spectral signatures. In the work, an automatic comparison of the curves of the spectral reflectivity of objects on a low resolution space multispectral image was made to identify the identity of the characteristic energy absorption and reflection zones for detecting objects in the construction process. The article also describes the stages of image preprocessing, cross-track illumination correction of the image, atmospheric correction, and mathematical operations of bands transformation, which provide more opportunities for analysis and recognition of objects using a spectral study of a space image. The study accurately determines the presence or absence of the desired materials, since the search is based on the molecular structure of the substance. Also, the use of multispectral images allows you to analyze the entire city at the same time. The initial data was taken from a 2021 Landsat-8 satellite image with 11 bands, with a resolution of 30 meters, which was enhanced to 15 meters during pre-processing. The results of the search and detection of objects under construction in the city are given. The detection results can be used as input data for further in-depth analysis.

Novel design of single transition metal atoms anchored on C6N6 nanosheet for electrochemical and photochemical N2 reduction to Ammonia

The development of environmentally benign, cost-effective, efficient electrocatalyst for N2 reduction into NH3 formation under ambient condition is the most challenging task. On the other hand, photocatalysis plays a vital role to convert solar energy into valuable chemicals. As a polymeric semiconductor, triazine based porous C6N6 sheet can behave as next generation photocatalyst due to its appealing band structure, mechanical as well as thermodynamical stability. In nature the only biological enzyme is nitrogenase which can undergo N2 fixation with its Fe-Mo active center. Inspired by this, with the assistance of Density Functional Theory, the electrocatalytic as well as photocatalytic activity are investigated for a series of total 13 transition metal (including Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd) embedded on C6N6 sheet towards NRR. Through high-throughput first-principle calculations, Mo@C6N6 sheet for NRR is screened out, which shows high catalytic activity and selectivity towards NRR. We found that NRR is favorable in Distal Pathway with a limiting potential value of 0.53 V which is quite well. Moreover, our predicted catalyst Mo@C6N6 sheet is capable to harvest solar light which is clear from the satisfactory absorption zone, suitable band edge positions and enough electron-hole separation. So, precisely it can be stated that, this system can be used as promising electrocatalyst as well as efficient photocatalyst for NRR. Next, the bond-length and charge variation of all the intermediates participated in each elementary step are further examined to obtain deep insights of high catalytic activity. The formation energy, lower binding energy and AIMD simulation at various temperature (300, 500 and 800 K) indicate its thermodynamic stability and it strengthens the ease of experimental synthesis. These findings provide a beneficial platform for exploring new electrocatalyst and photocatalyst for NRR under ambient conditions.

The Effectiveness of the Anteroom (Vestibule) Area on Hospital Infection Control and Health Staff Safety: A Systematic Review.

The emergence of SARS-CoV2 in 2019 showed again that the world's healthcare system is not fully equipped and well-designed for preventing the transmission of nosocomial respiratory infections. One of the great tools for preventing the spread of infectious organisms in hospitals is the anteroom. Several articles have investigated the role of the anteroom in disease control but the lack of a comprehensive study in this field prompted us to provide more in-depth information to fill this gap. Also, this study aimed to assess the necessity to construct an anteroom area for hospital staff members at the entrance of each ward of the hospital, and specify the equipment and facilities which make the anteroom more efficient. Articles were identified through searches of Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, and Embase for studies published in English until May 2020 reporting data on the effect of the anteroom (vestibule) area in controlling hospital infections. Data from eligible articles were extracted and presented according to PRISMA's evidence-based data evaluation search strategy. Also, details around the review aims and methods were registered with the PROSPERO. From the database, 209 articles were identified, of which 25 studies met the study criteria. Most studies demonstrated that an anteroom significantly enhances practical system efficiency. The results showed that the equipment such as ventilation system, high-efficiency particulate absorption filter, hand dispensers, alcohol-based disinfection, sink, mirror, transparent panel, UVC disinfection, and zone for PPE change, and parameters like temperature, door type, pressure, and size of the anteroom are factors that are effective on the safety of the hospital environment. Studies demonstrated that providing an anteroom for changing clothing and storing equipment may be useful in reducing the transmission of airborne infections in hospitals. Since the transmission route of SARS-CoV2 is common with other respiratory infectious agents, it can be concluded that a well-designed anteroom could potentially decrease the risk of SARS-CoV2 transmission during hospitalization as well.

Synthesis of Polyaniline Supported CdS/CdS-ZnS/CdS-TiO2 Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Applications.

Photocatalytic degradation can be increased by improving photo-generated electrons and broadening the region of light absorption through conductive polymers. In that view, we have synthesized Polyaniline (PANI) with CdS, CdS-ZnS, and CdS-TiO2 nanocomposites using the chemical precipitation method, characterized and verified for the photo-degradation of Acid blue-29 dye. This paper provides a methodical conception about in what way conductive polymers “PANI” enhances the performance rate of composite photocatalysts (CdS, CdS-ZnS and CdS-TiO2). The nanocomposites charge transfer, molar ratio, surface morphology, particle size, diffraction pattern, thermal stability, optical and recombination of photo-generated charge carrier properties were determined. The production of nanocomposites and their efficient photocatalytic capabilities were observed. The mechanism of photocatalysis involved with PC, CZP and CTP nanocomposites are well presented by suitable diagrams representing the exchange of electrons and protons among themselves with supported equations. We discovered that increasing the number of nanocomposites in the membranes boosted both photocatalytic activity and degradation rate. CdS-Zinc-PANI (CZP) and CdS-TiO2-PANI(CTP) nanocomposites show entrapment at the surface defects of Zinc and TiO2 nanoparticles due to the demolition of unfavorable electron kinetics, and by reducing the charge recombination, greater photocatalytic activity than CdS-PANI (CP) with the same nanoparticle loading was achieved. With repeated use, the photocatalysts’ efficiency dropped very little, hinting that they may be used to remove organic pollutants from water. The photocatalytic activity of CZP and CTP photocatalytic membranes was greater when compared to CdS-PANI, which may be due to the good compatibility between CdS and Zinc and TiO2, as well efficient charge carrier separation. PANI can also increase the split-up of photo-excited charge carriers and extend the absorption zone when combined with these nanoparticles. As a result, the development of outrageous performance photocatalysts and their potential uses in ecological purification and solar power conversion has been facilitated. The novelty of this article is to present the degradation of AB-29 Dye using nanocomposites with polymers and study the enhanced degradation rate. Few studies have been carried out on polymer nanocomposites and their application in the degradation of AB-29 dyes and remediation of water purposes. Nanoparticle CdS is a very effective photocatalyst, commonly used for water purification along with nanoparticle ZnS and TiO2; but cadmium ion-leaching makes it ineffective for practical and commercial use. In the present work, we have reduced the leaching of hazardous cadmium ions by trapping them in a polyaniline matrix, hence making it suitable for commercial use. We have embedded ZnS and TiO2 along with CdS in a polyaniline matrix and compared their photocatalytic activity, stability, and reusability, proving our nano-composites suitable for commercial purposes with enhanced activities and stabilities, which is a novelty. All synthesized nanocomposites are active within the near-ultraviolet to deep infrared (i.e., 340–850 nm). This gives us full efficiency of the photocatalysts in the sunlight and further proves the commercial utility of our nanocomposites.

Short Peptides Induce Development of Root Hair Nicotiana tabacum.

Root hairs absorb soil nutrients and water, and anchor the plant in the soil. Treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) roots with glycine (Gly) amino acid, and glycilglycine (GlyGly) and glycilaspartic acid (GlyAsp) dipeptides (10−7 M concentration) significantly increased the development of root hairs. In the root, peptide accumulation was tissue-specific, with predominant localization to the root cap, meristem, elongation zone, and absorption zone. Peptides penetrated the epidermal and cortical cell and showed greater localization to the nucleus than to the cytoplasm. Compared with the control, tobacco plants grown in the presence of Gly, GlyGly, and GlyAsp exhibited the activation of WER, CPC, bHLH54, and bHLH66 genes and suppression of GTL1 and GL2 genes during root hair lengthening. Although Gly, GlyGly, and GlyAsp have a similar structure, the mechanism of regulation of root hair growth in each case were different, and these differences are most likely due to the fact that neutral Gly and GlyGly and negatively charged GlyAsp bind to different motives of functionally important proteins. Short peptides site-specifically interact with DNA, and histones. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of exogenous peptides on cellular processes remain unclear. Since these compounds acted at low concentrations, gene expression regulation by short peptides is most likely of epigenetic nature.

Characterization of Apple Juice Clarified by Tannase from Serratia marcescens IMBL5 Produced using Agro-industrial Waste Materials

In the present study, clarification of apple juice with tannase from S. marcescens IMBL5 produced using various agro-waste materials was carried out. Sugarcane bagasse was found to be the most suitable source for the augmented production of tannase enzyme by response surface methodology with the temperature at 40 °C, pH 4.5 and the incubation period of 96 hrs. The enzyme was quantified and partially purified through protein precipitation. The partially purified tannase with gelatin clarified about 62% of the apple juice in 3 hr of incubation at room temperature and it was gently increased with the incubation period. The detannification was characterized by estimating tannin content of the clarified juice. The amount of total reducing sugar in the juice was increased almost 50 % after 5 hours of incubation period. FTIR spectrum of the clarified juice revealed that the conformational changes that occurred in the functional groups. The spectrum absorptions between 500 and 1700 cm-1 mainly reflected the C=O stretch of the pectins and acids and C–O modes of the carbohydrates that correspond to the absorption zones of the sugars. The HPLC analysis of the clarified apple juice indicate the presence of phenolic compounds and sugar derivatives such as gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, glucose and sucrose which confirms the quality and clarity of the apple juice using the tannase enzyme.

Spectral and spatial characteristic behaviour of three-dimensional radiation transfer in SF6 switching arcs

The spectral and spatial characteristics of three-dimensional radiation transfer across an arc column of 0.08 m long, typical in high-voltage gas blast circuit breakers, has been studied in detail. The arc column under study corresponds to an instantaneous current of 15 kA in SF6 gas at a pressure of 10 bar. Our results show that to calculate the radiative flux divergence (as a volumetric energy source), only a segment of the arc column of 0.024 m in thickness needs to be considered to attain an accuracy of better than 90%. Photons with a frequency lower than 2 × 1015 Hz (150 nm in wavelength) can travel a considerable distance (>0.02 m) with an intensity attenuation factor of 0.2–0.8. Above 2 × 1015 Hz, only photons from the continuum spectrum can travel up to 0.015 m and line emission is absorbed within a distance of typically 0.0005 m, i.e. the arcing gas is optically thick to these photons. The gas within a cross-section of the arc column can be divided into a net emission core and a net absorption zone. The 55%–75% of the radiation emitted from the core is reabsorbed. The starting position of the net absorption zone sits within the temperature interval of 75%–80% of the maximum temperature on the axis. The quantitative information from this work is expected to serve as baseline data for developing improved approximate models for radiation transfer calculation in SF6 switching arcs.

Envirronmentally friendly fabrication of Fe2TiO5-TiO2 nanocomposite for enhanced photodegradation of cinnamic acid solution

In this study, Fe2TiO5-TiO2 heterostructured composites (FTO-Ti) were synthesised via a simple combination of the sol-gel and hydrothermal methods in a neutral medium of water. Various techniques were used to investigate the characteristics of the FTO-Ti samples, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and point of zero charges (PZC). Compared to TiO2, the combination of FTO and TiO2 significantly reduces crystal and particle size and increases surface area six-fold, while simultaneously reducing the band gap energy of the catalyst and extending the region of photon absorption zone toward visible wavelengths (407 versus 395 nm). The photocatalytic activity of the FTO-Ti samples was studied using the batch method for the photodegradation of cinnamic acid (CA). The FTO content was found to strongly influence the photocatalytic performance of the FTO-Ti composites. Of the samples studied, 10% FTO-TiO2 nanocomposite exhibits the highest activity for CA decomposition. In the optimum conditions, its maximum 90 min CA conversion reaches 89.0%, which is much higher than both bare Fe2TiO5 (8.5%) and TiO2 (74.8%). Moreover, the catalyst can easily be recovered and reused for at least eight reaction cycles. The results show that hybridising the small band gap Fe2TiO5 pseudobrookite with a large band gap TiO2 semiconductor is a promising approach for the fabrication of highly active photocatalysts.

Модели и функции механизма регулирования экономичности инновационного развития предприятия в комплексе объектов экономики знаний: методы организационного проектирования

Organizational design of processes of functioning of the mechanism forеsight-controlling with the expected controlling properties of regulation of stability of development of the enterprises is caused by requirements of economy in the conditions of the growing uncertainty of the environment. Improvement of quality of regulation of profitability is directed to improvement of interaction of the enterprises with complex objects. Combination of design approach to development of the mechanism with processes of organizational design of procedures of its assessment and adjustment is necessary. Therefore, the research objective determined development of methods of organizational design of the decision-making processes defining structures, functions of coordination and control of results of regulation of parameters of quality of the mechanism of forеsight-controlling. The scientific novelty of a research is presented by the following methods: combination of design and process approaches to improvement of quality of interaction in a complex; development of the theory of management in the concept of combination of the principles of functioning of mechanistic and organic models of organizational design of the mechanism; formation of digital simulators of regulators of the mechanism according to the principles of integration and combination of approaches. The concept differs in new opportunities of use of the mechanism of forеsight-controlling. Preventive assessment of influences of regulators by results of monitoring of indicators of profitability in a zone of sustainable innovative development of the enterprise for criterion of a compromise of the purposes of profitability and innovation, centralization and specialization of processes of functioning is provided. On the basis of the developed standards of quality of regulation and reliability of their forecasts the following practical results at the enterprise object of a research are received: the algorithmic scheme of development and realization of digital model of organizational design and functioning of the mechanism of forеsight-controlling is created; the adjustability of processes of increase in profitability by specialized criteria of stability of development at stages of an innovative cycle of the enterprise is provided; the assessment of the actual indicators of quality on the basis of examination of initial parameters of quality of regulation is carried out; by results of mathematical modeling of the digital simulator of the mechanism of forеsight-controlling recommendations about correction of planned and target indicators of quality of formation of development strategies taking into account factors of economy of knowledge are developed; organizational and behavioural and economic indicators of strategy of functioning of an object with use of the mechanism of forеsight-controlling are defined. Continuation of researches is supposed in the directions of improvement of systems of post-industrial agglomeration of the region and country with use of mechanisms of forеsigh-controlling in complexes of organizational and power technological purpose. Monitoring of factors provides combination of resources of low carbon and “green” power that promotes transformation of grounds of waste as a part of a complex in power sources and zones of absorption of carbon dioxide.

N-TiO2-δ/g-C3N4 Dual Photocatalysts for Efficient Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride Photodegradation and CO2 Photoreduction

A series of [Formula: see text] (wt) N-TiO2- δ/g-C3N4 composites was synthesized by calcination and hydrothermal methods (labeled [Formula: see text]TiCN, [Formula: see text]: 5, 10, and 15). All composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of these composites was evaluated through oxytetracycline hydrochloride (denoted as OTC) photodegradation and CO2 photoreduction. The [Formula: see text]TiCN composites exhibited higher OTC photodegradation than bulk g-C3N4. 10TiCN was slightly more active than 5TiCN and 15TiCN, with a photodegradation yield of 97% after 5 h of light irradiation and constant rate of 0.647 h-1. For CO2 photoreduction, it was observed that 5TiCN exhibited the highest activity among the synthesized composites, with 7.0 ppm CH4 formed. This CH4 concentration was 7.8 times higher than the concentration formed by bulk g-C3N4 (0.9 ppm). A [Formula: see text]-scheme mechanism was proposed to explain the enhanced photocatalysis by [Formula: see text] (wt) N-TiO2- δ/g-C3N4 composites. The [Formula: see text]-scheme structure increased redox ability, caused better separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and broadened the light absorption zone of the photocatalysts.

Effective role of temperature in improving the structural, optical and photovoltaic characteristics for n-Zn0.5Cd0.5Te/p-CdTe solar cells

The fabrication of Zn0.5Cd0.5Te thin film was reported in this study which was prepared via the common vacuum evaporation process at various temperatures (25, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 °C). On pre-cleaned glass substrates, the Zn0.5Cd0.5Te thin films were formed. The absorption coefficient was used to analyze the linear optical path in this study. The optical parameters, the optical constants, the dielectric constants, the quality factor of the studied thin films and the dispersion parameters were computed. The envelope approach, proposed by Swanepoel, was used to calculate the refractive indices and the thickness of the studied films in the transparent region. The optical energy gap was computed in the transmittance and reflectance spectrum's strong absorption zone. As the temperature of the examined system is increased, the refractive index, n, decreases while the energy gap rises. The annealed thin films have a crystalline structure with cubic phase and primarily oriented along the (111) plane, according to x-ray diffraction results. The crystalline structure of the examined thin films was confirmed by the top view of SEM profiles for the Zn0.5Cd0.5Te thin film at various temperatures. In the other part of this work, the photovoltaic characteristics of the fabricated n-Zn0.5Cd0.5Te/p-CdTe solar cell were investigated for a solar cell which fabricated by depositing a p-CdTe thin layer (200 nm) on the ZnCdTe thin films (∼1000 nm) prepared on the glass substrates (2 mm). The Ni/n-Zn0.5Cd0.5Te/p-CdTe/Pt heterojunction has been effectively assembled. The front and back contact electrodes were made of two high-work-function metals (Pt and Ni) so that surface electrons may travel freely and be easily removed from the surface by the influence of the lowest energy falling on the solar cell. The dark (current-voltage) characteristics of fabricated heterojunctions have been reported at different temperatures ranging from 25 to 500 °C, as well as for voltages ranging from −2 to 2 V. Based on the dependence of the forward and reverse current on the voltage, the effective and main parameters connected to the fabricated diode have been determined. The rectification ratio, the junction resistance, an ideality factor of the fabricated diode, the shunt and series resistances, the height of the barrier formed at the interface between the Zn–Cd–Te thin films and the p-CdTe thin layer, the carrier recombination, the activation energy in the exhausted region, Poole-Frenkel, and Schottky coefficients were all evaluated.

Landscape patterns changes and relation to water infiltration of Krueng Peusangan Watershed in Aceh

Watershed has played an important source of ecosystem services (ES). The Krueng Peusangan watershed (KPW) is considered to be the “lungs” and ecological border in the central region of Aceh, Indonesia. This study aims to monitor landscape patterns in the watershed area of 2009-2019 and to predict changes in 2039 and their relationship with infiltration. The selection of this research area is due to the notion that KPW is one of the numerously deforested watersheds in the country. Temporal spatial monitoring of landscape (land use/cover, LUC) patterns are required to inform policy and support future spatial management planning towards sustainability. Landscape patterns changes in KPW, including the extent of loss and addition of forest over the last few years, have not been quantified. In constructing the regional development policies, information regarding the effects of landscape changes and climatic patterns on ecosystem services is essential. Therefore, the knowledge development of this relationship is encouraged. The comparison value between potential and actual infiltration could identify the watershed category. The upstream area of KPW is classified as a significantly critical watershed due to LUC changes. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to improve the absorption zone for the continuation of groundwater protection.

Drop-casting CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots as down-shifting layer enhancing the ultraviolet response of silicon avalanche photodiode

Since the absorption zone of ultraviolet (UV) photons with high energy is limited to a few tens of nm on the surface, the high defect density caused by the processes, such as ion implantation, leads to a weak response of the silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) in the ultraviolet band. In this work, the integration of the inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) film by drop-casting as the down-shifting layer is reported for enhancing the UV response of Si APD. The light generated current increases 100% under the 365 nm light emitting diode. The response of the Si APD is improved in the entire ultraviolet band. In particular, the responsivity of APD is increased by 78% at 340 nm with an exceedingly EQE of 92%. In summary, the perovskite QDs film as a down-shifting layer provides an effective and low-cost method to improve the UV response of Si APD.

KAJIAN KAPASITAS TAMPUNGAN KOLAM RETENSI DI PERUMAHAN SARIMAS, KELURAHAN SUKAMISKIN, KECAMATAN ARCAMANIK, KOTA BANDUNG

The flood was triggered by a decrease in absorption zones as population growth, activity and land requirements for housing or economic activities increased. To overcome the flood, Bandung City created a conservation pond as one of the flood prevention measures designated as one of the most frequent flood forest prevention measures in Sarimas. The purpose of this study is to assess of the capacity of the retention pool in Sarimas housing, Sukamiskin sub-district, Arcamanik subdistrict, Bandung city.Based on a runoff discharge analysis conducted with rain on the 10-year obtained a maximum of water runoff discharge using the method of synthetic hydrograph unit (HSS) Nakayasu of 20.52 m3. The traceability of the flow path carried out still leaves a significant volume of the water tank, with the capacity of the outlet remaining up to 5.01 m3/s capacity for the pump.

A Promising Drug Delivery: Intranasal Drug Delivery System

Pneumonic medication conveyance has acquired gigantic logical interest as of late and has advanced inside the setting of treatment for lung infections. Lung is an appealing climate for bio particles, which are exceptionally presented to enzymatic debasement in the gastrointestinal parcel just as hepatic corruption. Pneumonic course is a non-intrusive organization for fundamental conveyance of restorative specialists (mostly peptides and proteins). Lungs give an enormous absorptive surface zone however very meager (0.1 ?m – 0.2 ?m) absorptive mucosal layer and great blood supply. Intra tracheal organization is a first methodology in lung drug conveyance in vivo. In inward breath treatment most regular gadgets utilized were nebulizer, Metered dose inhaler (MDI), Dry powder inhaler (DPI) and direct haler aspiratory gadgets. Pneumonic medication conveyance is utilized for the board of COPD and Asthma. From Last couple of year’s procedures and new medication conveyance gadgets are acquainted with convey drugs into the lungs have been generally evolved. Pneumonic medication conveyance can likewise be utilized to treat Diabetes, angina pectoris, disease, bone problems, tuberculosis, headache intense lung injury and others. Liposomes, nano and miniature particles, cyclodextrins, miniature emulsions, micelles, suspensions, or arrangements are altogether instances of the drug transporters that have been effectively used to target drugs into lungs. This audit talks about the methodologies and gadgets needed to be direct medication into the lungs.

"СОЛТҮСТІК БОЗАШЫ" МҰНАЙ-ГАЗ АУДАНЫ МҰНАЙЫНАН ЭКСТРАКЦИЯ ӘДІСІМЕН ВАНАДИЛПОРФИРИН КЕШЕНДЕРІН БӨЛУ ЖӘНЕ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯСЫН АНЫҚТАУ

Oil vanadylporphyrin complexes were obtained by extraction in the presence of N-N-dimethylformamide. In the chromatographic separation of vanadylporphyrin complexes, four main fractions were obtained from the oils of the oil field “North Buzachi” , where all types of known oil porphyrin structures were identified, dominated by deoxophylloerythroethioporphyrin – types with two absorption maxima of 534 Nm and 573 nm. It was found that the total concentration of vanadylporphyrin complexes registered in the absorption zone of 534 nm and 573 nm is 11 times higher than the concentration of nickelporphyrin complexes characteristic of the absorption zone of 550 nm. The ratio of vanadylporphirins of the etio - and deoxo-phylloerythroethioporphyrin (DPEP) type was 0.11. The results of the research allow us to conclude that the oil of the “North Buzachi” oil and gas district is a promising raw material for obtaining vanadylporphyrin complexes.