Absorption Materials Research Articles

Synthesis of hierarchical carbon Nanofibers-CoNi/C composites for enhanced microwave absorption efficiency

Developing lightweight, highly absorption and broadband microwave absorbents to combat severe electromagnetic radiation pollution poses a significant challenge. In this study, we designed a novel chain-like CNFs-CoNi/C nanocomposite by in-situ growth of bimetallic MOFs on the CNFs followed by calcination. The resulting CoNi/C composite with hollow structure was uniformly distributed along the 1D CNFs. The unique porous structure and heterogeneous interface derived from MOFs facilitated efficient scattering and multiple reflections of microwaves. By harnessing interfacial polarization loss, dipole polarization loss, and conduction loss mechanisms synergistically, the chain-shaped porous multi-stage CNFs-CoNi/C composite exhibited exceptional microwave absorption performance at a filling ratio of 10 %. It achieves a maximum reflection loss of −70 dB and an absorption bandwidth (EAB) for RL ≤ -10 exceeding 4.82 GHz with a corresponding thickness as low as 1.25 mm. This study introduced a lightweight and highly absorptive material that offers valuable insights into developing high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials through organic composite comprising MOF and carbon materials.

Patterned 3D-graphene for self-powered broadband photodetector

The remarkable ultra-wideband energy capabilities of zero-bandgap two-dimensional (2D) graphene have made it an outstanding material for photon absorption and charge carrier generation across a broad spectrum. However, atomically thick 2D-graphene only exhibits a light absorption efficiency of 2.3%, posing a challenge for graphene-based photodetectors to harness photon energy effectively. This study utilized plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology and a mask to create in situ patterned 3D-graphene/Si-based Schottky heterojunctions. The porous structure and natural nano-resonant cavities of the 3D-graphene enhanced the probability of light absorption, while the curved and sharp edges and corners of the patterned 3D-graphene concentrated the local electromagnetic field and induced localized surface plasmon resonance. Both theoretical and experimental analyses confirmed the improved light absorption mechanisms and charge transfer of photogenerated carriers under the built-in electric field. The photodetector based on the patterned 3D-graphene/Si Schottky structure exhibits excellent broadband response characteristics spanning from 380 to 1550 nm, with responsivity and specific detectivity of 68.47 A/W and 1.43 × 1012 Jones at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Furthermore, the photodetector demonstrated ultrafast microsecond-level response times (116/120 μs rise/fall times) along with exceptional stability and reliability. The potential applications of as-fabricated photodetector include logic devices such as “AND” and “OR” gates and information encryption. This research holds valuable scientific significance for the design of future optoelectronic devices and provides crucial insights and technical support for developing high-performance Si-based graphene detectors.

Accurate Crystal Structure Prediction of New 2D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites.

Low-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are promising electronically active materials for light absorption and emission. The design space of HOIPs is extremely large, as a variety of organic cations can be combined with different inorganic frameworks. This not only allows for tunable electronic and mechanical properties but also necessitates the development of new tools for in silico high throughput analysis of candidate materials. In this work, we present an accurate, efficient, and widely applicable machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) trained on 86 diverse experimentally reported HOIP materials. This MLIP was tested on 73 experimentally reported perovskite compositions and achieves a high accuracy, relative to density functional theory (DFT). We also introduce a novel random structure search algorithm designed for the crystal structure prediction of 2D HOIPs. The combination of MLIP and the structure search algorithm reliably recovers the crystal structure of 14 known 2D perovskites by specifying only the organic molecule and inorganic cation/halide. Performing this crystal structure search with ab initio methods would be computationally prohibitive but is relatively inexpensive with the MLIP. Finally, the developed procedure is used to predict the structure of a totally new HOIP with cation (cis-1,3-cyclohexanediamine). Subsequently, the new compound was synthesized and characterized, which matches the predicted structure, confirming the accuracy of our method. This capability will enable the efficient and accurate screening of thousands of combinations of organic cations and inorganic layers for further investigation.

Boosting photothermal conversion through array aggregation of metalloporphyrins in bismuth-based coordination frameworks.

Materials capable of efficiently converting near-infrared (NIR) light into heat are highly sought after in biotechnology. In this study, two new three-dimensional (3D) porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a sra-net, viz. CoTCPP-Bi/NiTCPP-Bi, were successfully synthesized. These MOFs feature bismuth carboxylate nodes interconnected by metalloporphyrinic spacers, forming one-dimensional (1D) arrays of closely spaced metalloporphyrins. Notably, the CoTCPP-Bi exhibits an approximate Co⋯C distance of 3 Å, leading to enhanced absorption of NIR light up to 1400 nm due to the presence of strong interlayer van der Waals forces. Furthermore, the spatial arrangement of the metalloporphyrins prevents axial coordination at the centers of porphyrin rings and stabilizes a CoII-based metalloradical. These characteristics promote NIR light absorption and non-radiative decay, thereby improving photothermal conversion efficiency. Consequently, CoTCPP-Bi can rapidly elevate the temperature from room temperature to 190 °C within 30 seconds under 0.7 W cm-2 energy power from 808 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, it enables solar-driven water evaporation with an efficiency of 98.5% and a rate of 1.43 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun irradiation. This research provides valuable insights into the strategic design of efficient photothermal materials for effective NIR light absorption, leveraging the principles of aggregation effect and metalloradical chemistry.

Designing Electronic Structures of Multiscale Helical Converters for Tailored Ultrabroad Electromagnetic Absorption

HighlightsThe energy conversion mechanism is thoroughly analyzed, with a detailed quantitative characterization of the dissipation capacities of polarization, conduction, and magnetic loss.Inspired by DNA transcription, atom and geometry configurations co-modulating multi-scale helical converters achieve the RLmin of −63.13 dB at 1.29 mm, and the maximum RCS reduction value reach 36.4 dB m2.Orbital coupling, spin and cross polarization synergize to realize a 6.08 GHz EAB, further expanding to ultrabroad electromagnetic wave absorption of 12.16 GHz through metamaterial design.

A Comparative Review of Post-Combustion Capture and Direct Air Capture of CO2

Mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions has been a subject of incredible urgency in recent years. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has emerged as a promising means of cutting emissions, with post-combustion capture and direct air capture (DAC) both gaining traction as methods of offsetting emissions from point sources and the ambient atmosphere. Each of these carbon capture methods rely on absorbent or adsorbent materials to function, whose properties can vastly impact capture performance. In this work, 14 materials are analyzed, with qualitative descriptions and performance data of each material based on existing review papers and representative case studies being presented. The review highlights limitations in the field in standardizing the reporting of experimental data, complicating the direct comparison of different materials’ efficacies. While no single CCS technology is found to be unequivocally superior, the promising performances of certain materials in earlier stages of development emphasize the importance of investing further in emerging post-combustion capture materials. This study concludes that CCS technologies are a necessary tool in ultimately reaching net zero emissions due to their role in neutralizing sectors resistant to decarbonization, but they should not be relied upon to substitute the transition to renewable energy, as the prevention of emissions should take priority over the abatement of emissions.

Mechanical and optical properties of MgTa2O6 compounds: First principles study

In this study, we have explored the electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of MgTa2O6 compounds in both tetragonal and orthorhombic phases using the first principles based on density functional theory (DFT) methods. Considering that GGA underestimates the band gap of materials, the HSE06 hybrid functional is performed to get a more accurate result for the band structure and optical property calculations. The calculations indicate that the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases exhibit different optical characteristics, showcasing their potential as exceptional materials for UV absorption. In addition, we have thoroughly investigated the elastic properties of MgTa2O6 for these two phases, including the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio. The results indicate that the tetragonal phase has better volume deformation and shear deformation resistance, and the surface contours of Young's modulus for MgTa2O6 display anisotropy. And according to Pugh's criteria, the tetragonal phase has good ductile properties.

Investigating the Sound Absorption Properties of Silk Cotton and Other Sound-Absorbent Materials

This research investigates the acoustic properties of various materials to mitigate sound transmission and enhance acoustic environments, focusing on silk cotton, cotton wool, chipped foam, and open-cell polyurethane foam. The study evaluates these materials for sound absorption and reduction, considering sound frequency and material density. Materials were tested for their sound reduction and absorption coefficients, with silk cotton emerging as the most effective across a broad frequency spectrum, particularly below 200 Hz and above 1000 Hz. The research demonstrated that silk cotton, with its high porosity and fine fibre structure, achieved significant sound reduction even at low densities The findings align with theoretical predictions of resonance frequencies, showing a strong correlation (r2 = 0.9988 for the sound box and r2 = 0.9894 for the sound pipe). Sound intensity and sound pressure levels were measured using a sound level meter, and data analysis was conducted using graphing and calculating software. The researcher employed modified laboratory methods to account for loose materials and equipment limitations, validating the use of theoretical equations to estimate sound absorption and reduction properties The study provides some insights into using fibrous materials like silk cotton for noise reduction and acoustic enhancement. These findings have practical implications for improving sound quality in various environments, such as schools, studios, and public spaces, contributing to noise reduction strategies and enhancing auditory experiences.

Menstrual Disorders and Self-Care Practices: A Study on Prevalence among Female Undergraduate Students

Background: Menstrual disorders are a significant global public health issue affecting many women during their reproductive years. These disorders include irregularities in the menstrual cycle, heavy bleeding, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leading to physical, behavioral, and emotional changes. Factors such as weight changes, stress, drug use, hormonal imbalances, and recent childbirth or miscarriage can disrupt menstrual patterns. Menstrual issues not only impact women's health and quality of life but also result in economic consequences and poor academic performance. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices among female undergraduates in Bangladesh, as well as explore potential factors that may influence these disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 180 female students at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (outdoor) in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2021 December 2021. It aimed to assess the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices. Participants, aged 18-25 years and willing to participate, were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, menstrual history, and self-care practices. SPSS version 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, employing descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to explore associations. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant, providing a comprehensive assessment framework. Result: The sociodemographic profile of 180 participants shows that most are aged 21-25 years, with a mean age of 22.48±1.68 years. Early menarche was common among 88.33%, and 62.22% belonged to the low social class living in hostels. A significant proportion (82.78%) were single, with only 2.78% having experienced pregnancy. Parental sponsorship for education was prevalent (72.22%). Most participants correctly identified menstruation as a physiological process (66.67%) and knew menstrual blood originates from the uterus (62.78%). Common absorbent materials were disposable sanitary pads (88.89%). Patterns of menstrual health and self-care practices revealed proper hygiene but suboptimal management of menstrual disorders. Age, social class, education sponsorship, and knowledge of menstrual disorders significantly influenced self-care practices. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were the most common menstrual disorders. Conclusion: This research examines menstrual health knowledge, disorders, and self-care among female undergraduates, highlighting the impact of socio-demographic factors and educational support. It reveals significant knowledge gaps and underscores the need for better educational initiatives. Insights into menstrual disorders and self-care strategies provide guidance for targeted interventions and support within academic environments.

Directional Sound Field and Spatial Speech Decay: Impact of Sound Absorption and Screen Height in Performance Spaces and Open-Plan Offices

This study investigates the spatial decay rate of speech in performance spaces and open-plan offices, focusing on the effects of sound absorption and screen height. Utilising parameters such as D2, SD_2, SD2, S (decay rate) and Lp, A, S, 4mL_p, A, S, 4mLp, A, S, 4m (sound pressure level at 4 meters), the research evaluates how acoustic environments impact speech transmission. Through detailed experiments on different screen heights (1.2 m, 2.1 m, and 2.9 m) and material absorption, it was found that increasing screen height significantly reduces the spatial speech decay in open-plan offices, but only up to a certain threshold. The results suggest that while acoustic enhancements like screens and absorptive materials improve speech privacy, over-reliance on single- number ratings can lead to misclassification of office acoustics. This research provides insights for optimising room acoustics, ensuring speech privacy, and meeting acoustic comfort standards.

Multifunctional SiC nanowire aerogels with efficient electromagnetic wave absorption for applications in complex environments

In the digital age, with rapid advancements in electromagnetic (EM) technology, electromagnetic pollution has emerged as a significant concern. Traditional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials, however, are constrained by their limited application range, inadequate physicochemical stability, and inferior mechanical strength, hindering their further development and application. Consequently, there exists a demand for an EMW absorber that not only incorporates multiple functionalities but also retains essential physicochemical characteristics. In this context, this study introduces an ultralight (∼12 mg cm⁻³) and multifunctional SiC nanowire aerogel (SNWA), synthesized through a direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The resulting SNWA demonstrates exceptional elasticity, outstanding mechanical durability, and high thermal stability at increased temperatures. Additionally, the enhanced SNWA shows improved hydrophobic properties, facilitating its use in highly humid conditions. The SNWA material also presents remarkable EMW absorption efficiency, with a minimum reflection loss of −50.6 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of up to 7.7 GHz. The straightforward CVD synthesis and surface modification technique ensure the SNWA's durable and efficient performance in demanding environments.

Phase Engineering in a Twin‐Phase β/γ‐MoCx Lightweight Nanoflower with Matched Fermi Level for Enhancing Electron Transport Across the Polarized Interfaces in Electromagnetic Wave Attenuation

AbstractThe phase engineering of the polarization interface is of great significance in modifying dielectric loss in electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation process, but hard to conduct in a complex hybrid system. Herein, a twin‐phase of β/γ‐MoCx@CN with matched Fermi level and closed work function properties in lightweight MoCx nanoflower is constructed, facilitating electron transport withdraw enhanced conductivity and polarization. Moreover, the EMW multiple dissipations among the β/γ‐MoCx@CN polarization interface is promoted, displaying better matched impedance. It delivered a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −74.2 dB at the thickness of 1.5 mm, which far beyond the single phased β‐MoCx@CN, γ‐MoCx@CN and reported MoCx‐based EMW absorbers. The radar cross‐section (RCS) map of β/γ‐MoCx@CN is simulated, showing a brilliant maximum reduction value of 13.6 dB m2 at the theta angle of 30°. This work presented an excellent sample of atomic‐level manipulation of interfacial polarization in dielectric MoCx EMW absorption materials.

Heterogeneous interface engineering of spindle shaped Fe/C through optimizing impedance response for enhanced microwave absorption and thermal conductivity

Heterogeneous interface design is pivotal in creating lightweight, broadband, and high-efficiency electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. These materials enhance wave absorption by adaptively matching impedance. In this study, spindle-shaped Fe/C nanocomposites with heterogeneous interfaces and diverse surface microtopographies were synthesized by calcining iron-supported metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). During controlled pyrolysis, Fe3+ was reduced by carbon and conversely induced the graphitization of carbon, which is essential for the distribution and appearance of Fe and graphitized carbon as well as for modulating impedance matching. The porous structure of the Fe/C composites and the polarization loss and ferromagnetic resonance from the defective carbon and Fe magnetic particles synergistically enhance the wave absorption performance. The Fe/C-700 nanocomposite achieves a reflection loss (RL) of −55.9 dB at 12.48 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL ≤ −10 dB) of 3.9 GHz at 1.8 mm. The Fe/C-900 nanocomposite demonstrates a significant RL of −63.5 dB at 15.8 GHz with an EAB of 4.4 GHz between 13.6 GHz and 18 GHz at 1.5 mm, and an EAB of 5.5 GHz at 1.63 mm. These improvements are attributed to the impedance matching facilitated by the introduction of Fe magnetic particles and graphitized carbon. Additionally, the thermal conduction pathway formed among the Fe/C nanocomposites significantly enhances the thermal conductivity to 0.502 W m−1 K−1. Thus, this work offers a novel approach to the design of advanced wave-absorbing and thermal conductive materials by optimizing impedance through heterogeneous interfaces.

Multifunctional carbon Fiber@TiO2/C aerogels derived from MXene for pressure tunable microwave absorption

Developing microwave absorption (MA) materials with dynamically tunable performance stands as a pivotal endeavor to fulfill the escalating demands of electronic devices and military equipment in complex electromagnetic environments. This study presents advanced hierarchical CF@TiO2/C aerogels with pressure tunable MA performance, engineered through a novel in-situ oxidation process of MXene on carbon fiber (CF) substrates. This process facilitates the formation of a two-dimensional (2D) TiO2/C hybrid layer, which significantly enhances the polarization loss capabilities of the aerogels while maintaining excellent mechanical resilience. The unique architecture of these aerogels facilitates the modulation of their electrical conductivity and permittivity via pressure, thus enabling dynamically adjustable MA performance. Upon compression (50 %), the CF@TiO2/C aerogels showcase an outstanding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.84 GHz, accompanied by a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −74.38 dB. Notably, the EAB of CF@TiO2/C aerogels can be precisely tuned from 4 to 18 GHz (covering the C-band, X-band, and Ku-band), with maximum changes in RLmin values (ΔRLmin) reaching as high as 59.30 dB, indicating substantial tunability under varying pressure. Moreover, the CF@TiO2/C aerogels also demonstrate outstanding thermal insulation and pressure sensing performance, highlighting their potential for multifunctional applications. This research not only sheds light on the intricate interplay between nanostructured materials and electromagnetic waves interactions but also sets a new strategy for the design of multifunctional, tunable microwave absorbers suitable for complex electromagnetic environments in modern electronic and military applications.

Dynamic damage behavior of auxetic textile reinforced concrete under impact loading

To investigate the dynamic compression behavior of Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) under impact load, low speed and high speed impact tests were performed using a ball drop test and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with ϕ50mm, respectively. In view of the advantages of auxetic materials in impact resistance and energy absorption, the auxetic fiber preforms with negative Poisson's ratio effect were woven into meshes and added to the cement-based materials to obtain the auxetic textile-reinforced concrete. Thus, the auxetic textile reinforced cement-based material is obtained. In this paper, TRC with different textile types, laying layers and surface treatments were prepared, and impact tests with different impact speeds were carried out to evaluate the impact resistance of TRC. The impact damage behavior of TRC was analyzed through the method of digital scattering analysis, and then the impact damage mechanism of TRC was investigated. The results show that the auxetic effect of auxetic textiles can still be stabilized under impact loads of different velocities, which provides better control of deformation and energy consumption in the matrix material. Under different impact heights of falling balls, the impact fracture energy of cementitious materials reinforced with auxetic textiles was increased by up to 22.5 and 20 times, respectively, compared with that of blank samples.

Acoustic optimization design for the laying schemes on the composite roof structure of high-speed train

ABSTRACT If the weak sound insulation in the roof during high-speed train travel through tunnels can be addressed by adjusting the order of materials, this will meet design requirements for both economy and lightweight construction. This paper studies this problem. First, a prediction model for sound transmission loss (STL) of the roof was established to investigate the impact of different material placement schemes and optimize their arrangement. Then, the optimal placement schemes between the roof and floor were compared using STL tests. Finally, this study also examined how an optimal scheme mitigates power radiation from the roof into the train interior under typical mechanical excitations. The results indicate that the optimal laying scheme for the roof differs from that of the floor. By placing sound absorption materials on the inner side of aluminium extrusion and sound insulation materials on decorative plate, it effectively enhances vibro-acoustic characteristics of the roof.

High electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal conductivity of vertically oriented boron nitride/carbonyl iron/silicone rubber composites

The vertically oriented boron nitride/carbonyl iron/silicone rubber composites with tunable excellent electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal conductivity have been successfully prepared by a high-temperature molding method. Results show that the composites exhibit a maximum effective absorption band (EABmax) of 7.55 GHz with a thickness of 1.7 mm and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −56.82 dB at 15.6 GHz (1.5 mm). Moreover, the composites have an excellent thermal conductivity with a maximum thermal conductivity of 4.023 W/(m·K), which is 8 times higher than that of the wave absorption material (80 wt% carbonyl iron/silicone rubber composites in this work). This work provides an inexpensive and simple effective strategy for designing advanced multifunctional composites with potential future applications in modern electronics.

High transmission efficiency long-wave infrared multispectral modulation array based on nanogap engineering

The long-wave infrared spectrum’s unique advantages in molecular fingerprinting and atmospheric transmission have led to its widespread application in detection, identification, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. Consequently, there has been a strong focus on developing multispectral structure arrays with high transmission efficiency. In this study, we introduce a high-transmission-efficiency nanocoaxes field enhancement structures array based on complex nanogap engineering, exhibiting a transmission of 21.59 % within an open area of 3 % and accompanied by a 90-fold enhancement of the nanogap field. With the modulation of nanogaps, the absolute transmission can exceed 60 %. The experimental data and finite element simulation results of the spectrally tunable array confirm that the origin of resonance is attributed to the enhanced localized electromagnetic modes supported by nanogaps. Furthermore, we demonstrated the proposed nanocoaxes field-enhancement structures in practical applications such as molecular resonance absorption enhancement and material composition analysis. Our work not only provides a method for on-chip multispectral tuning in the long-wave infrared range but also contributes to further advancing the development of long-wave infrared nanophotonic structures.

Energy absorption properties of origami‐based re‐entrant honeycomb sandwich structures with CFRP subjected to low‐velocity impact

AbstractThis paper investigates a honeycomb sandwich structure that draws inspiration from the craft of origami. A specific folding pattern was applied to the honeycomb to create the origami‐based re‐entrant honeycomb (ORH), aimed at improving the energy absorption properties of the sandwich structure. The study on the energy absorption properties of structures under low‐velocity impact (LVI) utilized both experimental and numerical approaches. The energy absorption properties of the sandwich structure were examined by conducting LVI tests with different impact energy and then compared to the mechanical properties of the traditional re‐entrant honeycomb sandwich structures (TRHSS). Additionally, a refined finite element model has been established and its accuracy verified. Numerical studies were conducted to explore the effects of structural parameters on the energy absorption properties of ORH sandwich structure (ORHSS). The results show that the ORHSS exhibited a significant reduction in peak force when subjected to LVI, in contrast to the TRHSS. Furthermore, the ORHSS exhibit significant efficiency in energy absorption. Enhancing the wall thickness or folding angle can significantly improve the energy absorption properties of the ORHSS, thereby boosting the honeycomb's contribution to this process. This optimization results in an improved absorptive effect of the structure. The findings offer new recommendations for developing lightweight absorbent materials with potential applications across various industries.Highlights A novel composite sandwich structure serves as an efficient device for absorbing energy. This sandwich structure exhibits excellent cushioning and energy absorption capabilities. Changing geometric parameters can enhance the impact performance of the structure. A larger folding angle makes the core more prone to deformation. The greater the forward length of the ORH, the lower specific energy absorption (SEA) of the ORHSS.

Paraffin/graphite/boron nitride composite as a novel phase change material for rapid heat absorption in battery thermal management technology

Phase change material (PCM) cooling is widely employed in the thermal management of compact battery packs. Thermal protection triggered by rapid temperature rise shortens the effective discharge time in high-rate discharge, making it essential to prepare PCM that rapidly absorbs heat at high temperatures. However, research on the thermal absorption performance and insulating properties of PCM at high-rate discharge remains limited. Herein, we innovatively propose a thermally conductive and insulating PCM with a wide phase transition temperature to address the overheating issue in batteries at 7 C, 8 C and 9 C discharge rates. The C236 consists of paraffin (PA236), graphite and boron nitride with a ratio of 6: 2: 2, which achieves outstanding thermal performance with a latent heat of up to 138.0 J/g and a high-volume resistivity of 1.6 × 108 Ω·m. It is found that at a discharge rate of 7 C, the C236 with a thickness of 3 mm effectively maintains the temperature below 80 °C. At discharge rates of 8 C and 9 C, the PCM significantly reduces the battery temperature by 26.9 % and 32.5 %, respectively, highlighting the rapid heat absorption capability at high temperatures. Furthermore, after four cycles at a 9 C discharge rate, the temperature differential of the battery remains below 5 °C. The low-cost PCM provides a new experimental reference for battery thermal management in high-rate discharge, with broad application prospects.