Menstrual Disorders and Self-Care Practices: A Study on Prevalence among Female Undergraduate Students

Abstract

Background: Menstrual disorders are a significant global public health issue affecting many women during their reproductive years. These disorders include irregularities in the menstrual cycle, heavy bleeding, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leading to physical, behavioral, and emotional changes. Factors such as weight changes, stress, drug use, hormonal imbalances, and recent childbirth or miscarriage can disrupt menstrual patterns. Menstrual issues not only impact women's health and quality of life but also result in economic consequences and poor academic performance. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices among female undergraduates in Bangladesh, as well as explore potential factors that may influence these disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 180 female students at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (outdoor) in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2021 December 2021. It aimed to assess the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices. Participants, aged 18-25 years and willing to participate, were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, menstrual history, and self-care practices. SPSS version 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, employing descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to explore associations. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant, providing a comprehensive assessment framework. Result: The sociodemographic profile of 180 participants shows that most are aged 21-25 years, with a mean age of 22.48±1.68 years. Early menarche was common among 88.33%, and 62.22% belonged to the low social class living in hostels. A significant proportion (82.78%) were single, with only 2.78% having experienced pregnancy. Parental sponsorship for education was prevalent (72.22%). Most participants correctly identified menstruation as a physiological process (66.67%) and knew menstrual blood originates from the uterus (62.78%). Common absorbent materials were disposable sanitary pads (88.89%). Patterns of menstrual health and self-care practices revealed proper hygiene but suboptimal management of menstrual disorders. Age, social class, education sponsorship, and knowledge of menstrual disorders significantly influenced self-care practices. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were the most common menstrual disorders. Conclusion: This research examines menstrual health knowledge, disorders, and self-care among female undergraduates, highlighting the impact of socio-demographic factors and educational support. It reveals significant knowledge gaps and underscores the need for better educational initiatives. Insights into menstrual disorders and self-care strategies provide guidance for targeted interventions and support within academic environments.