Absence Of Funding Research Articles

Негосударственная система бесплатной юридической помощи в Российской Федерации: основные проблемы и перспективы

Purpose. Identification of problems that impede the progressive development of the legal education system in the Russian Federation, reflection of the role and importance of legal advice in the field of strengthening and developing practical skills. Identification of the degree of influence on the existing system of legal education in the Russian Federation of state policy in the field of regulation and formation of a system of free legal assistance. Methodology: dialectics, analysis and synthesis, formal legal, comparative legal, logical, method of interpreting legal norms, philosophical conceptology. Conclusions. Today, the development of the free legal aid system leads to the fact that in the absence of funding, many legal advice centers created at universities risk not being in demand. In modern conditions, many legal consultations created at universities may be abolished. In the future, the management of individual universities may relieve themselves of the obligation to provide legal consultations or relevant educational programs. The main reasons for abolition may also be the student’s lack of real opportunity to obtain practical skills in government bodies and the judicial system (impossibility of practical participation in judicial proceedings). Scientific and practical relevance. The article is aimed at identifying existing problems in the legal education system in the Russian Federation, which have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the education system in the field of development and strengthening the final level of practical qualifications of a graduate of a legal educational institution. In addition, the article substantiates the need to eliminate the identified problems.

المدارس القرآنية التقليدية في شمال نيجيريا بين الواقع والمأمول

To this day, Qur’anic schools remain one of the main symbols of Islamic identity and an emblem of Islamic civilization and culture. In our Islamic history, schools have contributed positively to building the nation as a result of endowment and funding by individuals or authorities, respectively. This research seeks to shed light on a different model of traditional Quranic schools in northern Nigeria that were able to survive over time in the absence of funding from the government. The research utilized the descriptive analytical approach, drawing on the researcher’s experience as an alumnus of this school. The findings reveal that these schools are still of a Sufi nature and play their role in spreading Islamic culture and religious awareness in Nigerian society. The reason for their survival to the present-day overtime in the absence of funding by the government is because fees are not taken in them officially. Still, instead, It was based on donations and charity. The research recommends that the schools can be developed by eliminating cruelty and harshness when disciplining and prohibiting begging once and for all, in addition to adapting the combination of religious and worldly sciences in the schools.

Appraisal methods and outcomes of AMSTAR 2 assessments in overviews of systematic reviews of interventions in the cardiovascular field: A methodological study.

This study aimed to assess the methods and outcomes of The Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 appraisals in overviews of reviews (overviews) of interventions in the cardiovascular field and identify factors that are associated with these outcomes. MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched until November 2022. Eligible were overviews of cardiovascular interventions, analyzing systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Extracted data included characteristics of overviews and SRs and AMSTAR 2 appraisal methods and outcomes. Data were synthesized using descriptive statistics and logistic regression to explore potential associations between the characteristics of SRs and extracted AMSTAR 2 overall ratings ("High-Moderate" vs. "Low-Critically low"). The original results on individual AMSTAR 2 items were entered into the official AMSTAR 2 online tool and the recalculated overall confidence ratings were compared to those provided in overviews. All 34 overviews identified were published between 2019 and 2022. Rating of overall confidence following the algorithm suggested by AMSTAR 2 developers was noted in 74% of overviews. The 679 unique included SRs were mainly of "Critically low" (53%) or "Low" (18.7%) confidence and underperformed in items 2 (Protocol, no = 65.2%) and 7 (List of excluded studies, no = 84%). The following characteristics of SRs were significantly associated with higher overall ratings: Cochrane origin, pharmacological interventions, including exclusively RCTs, citation of methodological and reporting guidelines, protocol, absence of funding and publication after AMSTAR 2 release. Generally, overviews' authors tended to deviate from the original rating scheme and ascribe higher ratings to SRs compared to the official AMSTAR 2 online tool. Most SRs included in overviews of cardiovascular interventions have critically low or low confidence in their results. Overviews' authors should be more transparent about the methods used to derive the overall confidence in SRs.

International Registry of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women (IROCW): Assessing the Feasibility of Large Data Registry in the Absence of Funding and Electronic Database – Initial Data From Iraq

International Registry of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women (IROCW): Assessing the Feasibility of Large Data Registry in the Absence of Funding and Electronic Database – Initial Data From Iraq

International Registry of Cardiovascular diseases in Women (IROCW): Assessing the feasibility of large data registry in absence of funding and electronic database; initial data from Iraq

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background There is unmet need of sex focused registries to be the first step towards sex focused trials and guidelines. In Iraq due to absent electronic database and research funding, it is challenging to initiate long term cardiovascular registries. Also, for women patients follow up, it is challenging to contact them by male doctors due to cultural causes. Purpose IROCW aims to portrait the demographics focusing on sex-specific risk factors, presentation, in-hospital and 1-month outcomes of women admitted to cardiac centers or cardiology wards in general hospitals. Patients with any of the following diagnoses were included in the registry: IHD (ACS admitted to CCU or chronic coronary syndromes admitted for elective catheterization), arrhythmia, heart failure and valvular heart disease. Methods Under the Umbrella of Iraqi Scientific Council of Cardiology, a female interventional cardiologist was among leaders of the study, so, she enhanced the recruitment of female trainees besides male doctors to participate in data collection and patients follow up to bridge the cultural barriers. IROCW is a prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study. Data collection using paper forms was done by investigators then data entry started and stopped after seven weeks to assess feasibility and reliability of data entry into google form that was designed for the registry. If the registry is feasible using paper forms and google form, then the next phase will be international and assessing 12-month cardiovascular outcomes (target number=10,000 patients; total number in all four arms of registry). Results n=150, mean age=60 years, 89.3% of patients reside in urban areas. Women were mostly married (67.8%) or widowed (25.5%). They were illiterate (47.3%) or having primary education (34.7%). 60% of women's family total income<500 USD. Most common risk factor was hypertension while menopause and gestational hypertension were most common sex-specific risk factors. In-hospital echocardiography was done in 26%. In-hospital heart failure was reported in 20% of patients. Aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, heparin, and statin were used in: 85.8%, 60.4%, 35.4% and 87.9% respectively. B-blockers, ACEI/ARBs and MRA were used in 71.1%, 62.8%, and 7.2% respectively. Dietary instructions as indicated on discharge was done properly in 96.6%, while smoking cessation counseling and referral for cardiac rehabilitation were not done properly. At 1-month follow up, patients were reachable in 91.5%. Conclusion Illiteracy and poor socio-economic status in women raise the importance of dedicated approach required for health education and care. Despite absent electronic data base and lack of research funding in Iraq, this study is feasible. The next international phase (Iraq and Sudan) will be initiated, so, data from LMIC from both Asia and Africa will be available to bridge knowledge gaps in CVD in women from these countries.

Integrative oncology in cancer care – implementation factors: mixed-methods systematic review

BackgroundIntegrative oncology (IO) appears to be beneficial to patients with cancer, but its implementation remains a challenge. Guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability–Opportunity–Motivation–Behaviour (COM-B) model, this...

TCTAP A-097 International Registry of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women (IROCW): Assessing the Feasibility of Large Data Registry in the Absence of Funding and Electronic Database; Initial Data From Iraq

TCTAP A-097 International Registry of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women (IROCW): Assessing the Feasibility of Large Data Registry in the Absence of Funding and Electronic Database; Initial Data From Iraq

CRT-100.98 International Registry of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women (IROCW): Assessing the Feasibility of Large Data Registry in the Absence of Funding and Electronic Database – Initial Data From Iraq

CRT-100.98 International Registry of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women (IROCW): Assessing the Feasibility of Large Data Registry in the Absence of Funding and Electronic Database – Initial Data From Iraq

Medical School Characteristics, Policies, and Practices That Support Primary Care Specialty Choice: A Scoping Review of 5 Decades of Research.

The United States, like many other nations, faces a chronic shortage of primary care physicians. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize literature describing evidence-based institutional practices and interventions that support medical students' choices of primary care specialties, published in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. We surveyed peer-reviewed, published research. An experienced medical librarian conducted searches of multiple databases. Articles were selected for inclusion based on explicit criteria. We charted articles by topic, methodology, year of publication, journal, country of origin, and presence or absence of funding. We then scored included articles for quality. Finally, we defined and described six common stages of development of institutional interventions. We reviewed 8,083 articles and identified 199 articles meeting inclusion criteria and 41 related articles. As a group, studies were of low quality, but improved over time. Most were quantitative studies conducted in the United States. Many studies utilized one of four common methodologic approaches: retrospective surveys, studies of programs or curricula, large-scale multi-institution comparisons, and single-institution exemplars. Most studies developed groundwork or examined effectiveness or impact, with few studies of planning or piloting. Few studies examined state or regional workforce outcomes. Research examining medical school interventions and institutional practices to support primary care specialty choice would benefit from stronger theoretical grounding, greater investment in planning and piloting, consistent use of language, more qualitative methods, and innovative approaches. Robust funding mechanisms are needed to advance these goals.

L’efficacité de l’eskétamine dans le trouble dépressif majeur résistant : une revue systématique de la littérature

ObjectiveMajor depression is a significant public health problem since its lifetime prevalence is estimated at 15–18 %. Its standard treatment is based on the use of antidepressant medications but their effectiveness is limited. Indeed, only two thirds of patients with a major depressive episode will reach remission after two lines of conventional treatment. In major depression, there are arguments in favour of disturbances in neuronal glutamatergic transmission. Esketamine appears to have an antidepressant action through modulation of the NMDA receptors involved in this glutamatergic neurotransmission. The aim of this review to systematically investigate the efficacy of esketamine combined with an SSRI or SNRI for major depressive disorder resistant to treatment. MethodA systematic review on the efficacy of esketamine in combination with an SSRI or SNRI for resistant major depressive disorder was performed in July 2021 in the PUBMED database according to the PRISMA criteria. The key words used are: “depressed” [All Fields] OR “depression” [MeSH Terms] OR “depression” [All Fields] OR “depressions” [All Fields] OR “depression s” [All Fields] OR “depressive disorder”[MeSH Terms] OR (“depressive”[All Fields] AND“disorder”[All Fields]) OR“depressive disorder”[All Fields] OR“depressivity”[All Fields] OR“depressive”[All Fields] OR “depressively” [All Fields] OR “depressiveness” [All Fields] OR “depressives” [All Fields]) AND (“esketamine” [Supplementary Concept] OR “esketamine” [All Fields] OR “esketamine” [All Fields]. The inclusion criteria were: efficacy on depressive symptoms of intranasal esketamine combined with an SSRI or an SNRI for major depressive disorder resistant to at least two lines of treatment, RCT and meta-analysis, individual≥18 years, articles in English and French. ResultsFour randomized double-blind studies were selected on the basis of these criteria. The included studies are of grade A and B which leads to a high level of scientific evidence. ConclusionsIntranasal esketamine in combination with sertraline, escitalopram, duloxetine or venlafaxine prolonged release is more effective than the monotherapy use of these four molecules for the treatment of resistant depression. It has been shown to be effective for a population aged between 18 and 74 years at doses between 28mg and 84mg. Currently, based on these results, intranasal esketamine should be proposed as a second level of treatment after an unsuccessful trial of two antidepressants. It is nevertheless advisable to be careful in its use in a clinical psychiatric population: exclusion of suicidal ideation or antecedent of suicidal acting, absence of psychotic depression, use exclusively for unipolar major depressive disorder. The different conditions of use are also notified in the product characteristics of the European Medicines Agency. Finally, further comparative studies are needed in the future, in the absence of funding from the pharmaceutical company producing esketamine.

Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID-19: A Commentary and Application.

Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID-19: A Commentary and Application.

Women Participation in Livestock Raising and Household Managemnt In Rural Communities of Nafada, Semi-Arid Region Of Northeastern Nigeria

This study was carried out to examine women’s participation in livestock raising in rural communities of Nafada, semi-arid region of Northeastern Nigeria. Thirteen villages were purposively sampled, and 10 women respondents were randomly selected from each village. Standardized interview schedule was adopted in the collection of information from the sampled respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results disclosed that approximately half (45%) of the respondents raised goats and sheep and 100% were involved regularly in cleaning of animal sheds, watering and grazing of animals. In addition, washing of clothes, food preparation, cleaning of the house, looking after all family members, child/family health care, preparing beverages and cleaning up after meals ranked highest among household activities undertaken by women. Major challenges of livestock raising, and household management were low innovation (ranked 1), rustling (ranked 2), ranching (ranked 2) and health of animals (ranked 2). Others included child/family care (ranked 1), food (ranked 1), fuel wood collection (ranked 3) and absence of funding from government agents. The correlation results revealed that family size and education of respondents were significant factors influencing the extent of women’s participation in livestock raising in the study area. Therefore, carefully targeted women-focused programmes on livestock farming, intensive adult education and improved agricultural extension/ veterinary services among others are crucial to improving women’s participation in livestock production in Nafada LGA.

Open science and modified funding lotteries can impede the natural selection of bad science.

Assessing scientists using exploitable metrics can lead to the degradation of research methods even without any strategic behaviour on the part of individuals, via ‘the natural selection of bad science.’ Institutional incentives to maximize metrics like publication quantity and impact drive this dynamic. Removing these incentives is necessary, but institutional change is slow. However, recent developments suggest possible solutions with more rapid onsets. These include what we call open science improvements, which can reduce publication bias and improve the efficacy of peer review. In addition, there have been increasing calls for funders to move away from prestige- or innovation-based approaches in favour of lotteries. We investigated whether such changes are likely to improve the reproducibility of science even in the presence of persistent incentives for publication quantity through computational modelling. We found that modified lotteries, which allocate funding randomly among proposals that pass a threshold for methodological rigour, effectively reduce the rate of false discoveries, particularly when paired with open science improvements that increase the publication of negative results and improve the quality of peer review. In the absence of funding that targets rigour, open science improvements can still reduce false discoveries in the published literature but are less likely to improve the overall culture of research practices that underlie those publications.

Remote monitoring of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in France. The French Electra survey

Goal To evaluate routine Remote Monitoring (RM) of Cardiovascular Implantable Device (CID). A multiple choice questionnaire was e-mailed to 100 French physicians Implanters of CID in November 2017. A total of 73 answers were obtained (73%). Seventy five percent work in a public center, twenty three percent in a private center. The rate of Internal Cardiac Defibrillator implantation (ICD)/year per center is > 100 for 63%, 50–100 for 24,7%, < 50 for 6.8% and none for 5.5%. The number of patients followed with RM is > 1000 (9.6%), 500–1000 (27.4%), 200–500 (41.1%), < 200 (18%). 21.9% followed only ICD, 78.1% all type of CID; 80% declare proposing RM to almost all ICD implanted patients. A total of 75.3% of physicians are referent for RM, 23.3% receive information from referent RM team. Eighty five percent obtain systematic inform consent from patients before activation of RM. Onsite registration and transmitter delivery (or order card) is performed by paramedical staff (68%), engineer (25%), physician (4.1%) Follow-up is performed by paramedical staff collaborating with physicians (68.5%), physicians only (26%). A total of 71.3% communicate a phone number to patients but only 42.5% deliver opening office schedule. During programmed follow-up a specific report is systematically created by 42.5%; information is delivered only in case of significant alert by 30.1% and non-specific PDF report is sent by 8.2%. There are 76.7% archive data but only 43.8% are exhaustive. Remote monitoring of CID is a current practice in France especially for ICD follow up. Collaboration with paramedical staff is partial. Patients are informed but not systematically. Data are archived but partially. Absence of funding may explain incomplete and heterogeneous RM activity in France.

Adherence to Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) Drugs in Diabetic Macular Edema in an Egyptian Population: A Health Belief Model

ABSTRACTPurpose: To determine the factors that influence the adherence to follow-up and injections in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) utilizing a health belief model (HBM) as a theoretical framework, and using demographic variables and knowledge about DME as factors that influence individual perceptions.Material and Methods: A structured questionnaire was developed utilizing the six domains of HBM and using knowledge and other demographics as modifying variables. The questionnaire was checked for validity and reliability, and then used to collect data from patients with DME who were candidates for intravitreal injections according to pro-re-nata regimen, and completed one year after the first injection. Univariate and multivariable analysis was performed to identify factors associated with poor adherence.Results: Of all 343 included patients (168 women and 175 men; mean [SD] age, 58[10] years, 71 (20.7 %) patients dropped visits and/or injections during the first year of treatment. Mean number of dropped injections was 1.32 ± 0.65 (range 1–5 injections). Factors associated with non-adherence were unilaterality of the injection (p < 0.001), absence of funding (p = 0.002), higher perceived barriers (p = 0.011), lower perceived benefits (p = 0.015), lower self-efficacy (p = 0.023), and lower perceived susceptibility (p = 0.029). In multivariable logistic regression model, the final goodness of fit with the data of the model was high (χ2/df = 1.81, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Funding and psychological burden are the main controllable factors for compliance to anti-VEGF therapy in DME. Identifying reasons for non-adherence could contribute to a better outcome.

Betwixt and Between: Bridging the Gap Between Field and Repository

All too often, archaeologists have viewed curation as a process that manages, rather than investigates, archaeological and natural history collections. The curation crisis can be understood as the result of a serious imbalance between the continued generation of field collections and a corresponding lack of resources and facilities devoted to accessioning, analyzing, reporting, curating and otherwise caring for these collections. Researchers mistakenly prioritize ‘interpretation at the trowel’s edge’ with emphasis on excavation and field work, without considering the problem of how and where to store the objects they excavate. While legislation, Curation of Federally Owned and Administered Archaeological Collections (36 C.F.R. Part 79), was intended to ensure the long-term management and care of these resources, the absence of funding at the institutional and federal levels, nonexistent enforcement of the legislation through the National Park Service, and lack of compliance from field archaeologists, have resulted in collections throughout the United States being at risk of loss through deterioration, mismanagement, and neglect. I will demonstrate that accessioning, inventorying, cataloguing, rehousing and conserving are meaningful generative encounters between scholars, objects and collections staff, not simply byproducts of research. The need for an online database specifically set up for archaeological collections is suggested as a way to address the curation crisis. Implementing digitization will enhance preservation by reducing damage to the artifacts caused by physical handling. Persons working within the field will gain a better understanding of collections care and the collections transition to the repository.

Manifestation of the Need to Realize One’s Abilities Working for the Sake of Others in Akmenė District Elderships

Manifestation of the Need to Realize One’s Abilities Working for the Sake of Others in Akmenė District Elderships

Could a Legal Ivory Trade Reverse Present Declines in Elephant Populations in Africa? Predictions from an Engineer's Population Simulation Model

As the Seventeenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES draws closer, there has been a spate of papers from economists and modellers purporting to show that any attempts at resuscitating a legal trade in ivory are too risky to attempt.This paper uses a hybrid model grounded in the biological characteristics and population dynamics of elephants. It begins with an examination of the funding needed to protect elephants. This funding requirement applies as much to a State attempting to protect elephants in a national park as it does to a local community trying to protected elephants in a communal land. It explores the extent to which elephant populations can sustain illegal hunting in the absence of funding and then tests the effects of feeding back a proportion of the return from legal trade in ivory to mitigate the degree of illegal hunting. This legal trade is derived entirely from natural mortality ivory and a low level of problem animal control ivory. It does not include any harvesting of the sort naively put forward by Lusseau & Lee (2016).The results indicate that population declines resulting from illegal hunting levels up to 10% of the population can easily be reversed by the feedback of a proportion of the funds available from a legal trade in ivory. The higher the proportion the shorter is the recovery period. Without this feedback an illegal hunting level of 10% of the population results in a population half-life of 13 years. The response time of an elephant population to any change in its management regime can be very long. The value in this modelling is that it shows the response times for any particular scenario.The algorithm for the feedback mechanism is empirically derived. Its performance needs to be seen as part of the hypothesis to be evaluated under an adaptive management approach. It provides the starting point for action and should be modified as and when it is seen that it does not adequately describe the process.The CITES ban on legal ivory and demand reduction programmes act against the objective of mobilising significant funds to bring about population recovery. The effect is not merely neutral – it will cause the demise of elephant populations.

LBJ’s Neglected Legacy: How Lyndon Johnson Reshaped Domestic Policy and Government ed. by Robert H. Wilson, Norman J. Glickman, Laurence E. Lynn (review)

Reviewed by: LBJ’s Neglected Legacy: How Lyndon Johnson Reshaped Domestic Policy and Government ed. by Robert H. Wilson, Norman J. Glickman, Laurence E. Lynn Karen Wisely LBJ’s Neglected Legacy: How Lyndon Johnson Reshaped Domestic Policy and Government. Edited by Robert H. Wilson, Norman J. Glickman, and Laurence E. Lynn Jr. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. Pp. 464. Tables, references, list of contributors, index.) Published in celebration of the centennial of Lyndon B. Johnson’s birth, LBJ’s Neglected Legacy is a collection of essays contributed by professionals in various fields such as history, sociology, engineering, and economics. Together they propose a new method of evaluating the impact of LBJ’s Great Society domestic policy. With each chapter focusing on [End Page 332] a different policy area, the authors examine both the short-term results of LBJ’s programs, during his administration, and their long-term effectiveness through subsequent administrations, mostly dominated by the opposition party. Even though the lack of support, and often absence of funding, provided by Republican-led governance often muted the long-term influence of LBJ’s initiatives, his policies did expand the reach of the federal government and permanently altered the way the different levels of government interacted. As president, LBJ proved to be a master of the legislative process. He used skills honed during several decades spent representing Texas as both a congressman and senator to coax bills through Congress in the face of increasing opposition. He believed that getting a bill passed was the most important step, even if it meant compromising away some of its potency. A law “on the books” could always be modified later under more favorable legislative conditions, while it was more difficult to repeal a law entirely. An example of this mind-set was the Head Start Program. Intended to be only a small piece of a much larger effort to improve conditions for poor families that was never fully realized, Head Start was hindered from the beginning. Yet, even after repeated cuts and continual questions about its effectiveness, the program perseveres today. LBJ’s Texas roots, particularly his years spent teaching poor, Mexican American children in Cotulla, were evident in his work on civil rights issues, education, and his War on Poverty. In the chapter “Lyndon Johnson and American Education,” Gary Orfield repeatedly mentions how Johnson’s personal experiences working with children and in schools informed his education policies, which sought to improve opportunities for everyone but especially for poor and minority children. Orfield noted that LBJ’s education reforms enjoyed much greater success than those of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush. The authors use a wide variety of primary sources, including oral history interviews, White House recordings, and government reports to analyze the topics mentioned above, as well as such subjects as urban planning, water quality policies, science and technology, and public management. While it may be a bit too dense for the casual reader, LBJ’s Neglected Legacy provides a unique approach to evaluating the Johnson administration’s work. Other scholars who have examined his impact have often become distracted by the negative effect of his escalation of the Vietnam War on his domestic policies. They fail to recognize the lasting change in the way the government works fostered by his programs and policies, and the strength of this work lies in the authors’ insistence on following a different path. [End Page 333] Karen Wisely University of North Texas Copyright © 2015 The Texas State Historical Association

Learner-Directed Nutrition Content for Medical Schools to Meet LCME Standards

Deficiencies in medical school nutrition education have been noted since the 1960s. Nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and obesity, are now the most common, costly, and preventable health problems in the US. Training medical students to assess diet and nutritional status and advise patients about a healthy diet, exercise, body weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption are critical to reducing chronic disease risk. Barriers to improving medical school nutrition content include lack of faculty preparation, limited curricular time, and the absence of funding. Several new LCME standards provide important impetus for incorporating nutrition into existing medical school curriculum as self-directed material. Fortunately, with advances in technology, electronic learning platforms, and web-based modules, nutrition can be integrated and assessed across all four years of medical school at minimal costs to medical schools. Medical educators have access to a self-study nutrition textbook,Medical Nutrition and Disease, Nutrition in Medicine© online modules, and the NHLBINutrition Curriculum Guide for Training Physicians. This paper outlines how learner-directed nutrition content can be used to meet several US and Canadian LCME accreditation standards. The health of the nation depends upon future physicians’ ability to help their patients make diet and lifestyle changes.