Abrasion Loss Research Articles

Investigating the effects of ageing condition and type of aggregates on the properties of asphalt mixtures

In this study, asphalt mixtures made by steel slag (SSA), copper slag (CSA), limestone (LA) and siliceous (SA) aggregates were subjected to different aging conditions; and were evaluated using Marshall, indirect tensile strength (ITS), Cantabro abrasion loss and semi-circular bending (SCB) tests. Results reveal that the moisture damage, raveling and fracture resistance of asphalt mixture decrease with aging and the ITS and Marshall properties improve with aging. After 7-day long-term aging, the TSR of the mixtures made by LA, SA, SSA and CSA, decreases, 28.8%, 48.5%, 8.8% and 15%, respectively, while, the ITS in dry condition increases, 61.9%, 33%, 62% and 81%, respectively. The fracture properties and moisture damage resistance of asphalt concrete made by SSA and CSA are less affected by aging than those made by LA and SA. Statistical analysis revealed that the effect of aggregate type, aging condition and their interaction on the mixture properties is significant.

An Evaluation of the Wear Resistance of Electroplated Nickel Coatings Composited with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers.

In this study, the wear resistance of nickel (Ni)-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite electroplated films on steel plates (JIS SPCC, cold-rolled steel) was evaluated, including their surface and microstructural properties. In the CNF sample, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized CNF was used. As a result of the ball-on-disk abrasion test, in which steel (SUJ2) balls were used as the counterpart material, the plated film obtained with the addition of 1 g/L of CNF to the plating solution showed the highest wear resistance in this study. Compared to the conventional Ni-plated film without CNF, the abrasion loss volume on the plated side was reduced by approximately 79%, and that on the ball side was reduced remarkably by 94%. A microstructural analysis of the abrasion scars showed areas where co-deposited CNFs were stretched in the direction of abrasion, suggesting that the wear reduction effect was caused by sliding between the individual CNFs within the aggregates. Moreover, the hardness of the plated film increased when the Ni crystallite size became finer. It was confirmed that the co-deposition of fine CNFs is effective in improving hardness, whereas the co-deposition of a certain degree of aggregated CNFs is effective in exhibiting the wear reduction effect.

Effect of Mechanical Properties on Performance of Cold Mix Asphalt with Recycled Aggregates Incorporating Filler Additives

The utilization of recycled asphalt pavement in the construction and maintenance of flexible pavement with asphalt emulsion is advantageous and environmentally friendly. It saves energy due to zero heat loss during the mixing and laying of pavement compared to hot mix asphalt. Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is a sustainable material in place of virgin aggregates in road construction. The focus of this study is (i) virgin aggregate production, (ii) the utilization of waste material (additive), (iii) reducing the production temperature, and (iv) recycled RAP material in the pavement. This paper attempts to create a venue for using RAP greater than 50% during pavement construction. Cold mix asphalt (CMA) containing 0%, 50%, and 100% RAP materials with different dosages of cement, fly ash, and Stabil-road at 1%, 2%, and 3% of dry aggregate weight were used for ascertaining the mechanical and volumetric properties of mixtures. The mechanical properties for CMA samples, such as stability, tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, stiffness modulus, and the abrasion loss of CMA samples, were evaluated with and without RAP incorporation. Present laboratory studies revealed that a cold mix containing 50% RAP materials produced a higher stability value than the control mix, irrespective of the types of additives in its contents. All the additives can potentially resist moisture damage in the mix. Also, a significant improvement in the resilient modulus was considered for RAP-incorporated mixtures with the additives.

Asphalt pavement pothole repair with recycled material and preheating: Laboratory and field evaluation

Asphalt pavement pothole repair with hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is one of common maintenance activities for transportation agencies, which requires considerable energy use and generates greenhouse gas emission (GHG) for production of HMA. This study investigated mechanical performance and environmental impact of an innovative pothole repair method using recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and preheating. According to the common failure modes of asphalt patch, comprehensive laboratory tests were conducted on the lab-made and field-cored specimens, including indirect (IDT) strength, interface bonding strength, and abrasion resistance at dry, freeze-thaw, and pore pressure conditions. Based on laboratory testing results of the HMA with 0%–50% RAP contents, HMA with 30% RAP was selected for pothole repair in the field test section because it can lead to satisfactory moisture resistance and comparable interface bonding and abrasion resistance with traditional HMA. After repair, field cores were collected for additional laboratory analysis. The results show that moisture resistance of the patching materials decreased with the increase of RAP content. The freezing thaw (FT) effect was found to cause more degradation in IDT and interface shear strength than dynamic pore water pressure simulated in moisture induced stress tester (MIST), while the pore water pressure caused more abrasion loss of patching material. On the other hand, preheating the pothole before repair was found to be effective in enhancing mechanical performance and durability of asphalt patch under various environmental conditions. With the application of preheating, asphalt patching repaired by HMA with 30% RAP can achieve comparable or better performance than that made with traditional HMA, while reducing energy consumption and carbon emission.

Study of the Mining Waste in the Production of Calcined Aggregate for Use in Pavement

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of using a calcined aggregate with mining residue in different pavement layers, including the base, subbase, and wearing course layers. For this purpose, physical characterizations of the residue and clay and the production of calcined aggregates at temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 1100 °C were performed. Additionally, the suitability levels of these aggregates in pavement layers were assessed, considering the present standards. The physical characterization results indicated that the studied clay was suitable for manufacturing calcined clay aggregates since the particle size distribution showed ceramic potential according to the Winkler diagram, and it presented a plasticity index (PI) higher than 15%. In the tests of boiling-induced mass loss and unit mass, the values obtained were within the limits established by the standards, being lower than 10% and 0.88 g/cm3, respectively. Regarding the abrasion loss test, the M1100 aggregate showed Los Angeles abrasion values lower than the limit established by the standard, demonstrating its potential as an artificial aggregate in pavement applications.

Effect of aggregate type on the elastic modulus and compressive behavior of concrete: A case study in Colombia

The modulus of elasticity Ec, the specified compressive strength fc', the measured concrete strength, fcr', and the axial strain of the concrete at peak strength εc0 are key parameters for the analysis, design, and construction of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. These parameters require precise laboratory control, which makes routine testing and consistent reporting in the literature challenging. Therefore, in some developing countries, numerical modeling for RC structural analysis relies on results or equations proposed by international building codes as reference values, ignoring the mechanical contribution of locally available materials. This study used five gravel sources from different mineralogical origins in Colombia to evaluate the mechanical properties of twenty concrete mixtures at four water-cement ratios (0.60, 0.55, 0.49, 0.35). Analyses and comparisons of aggregate properties, including mineralogical origins, unit weight, aggregate surface, absorption, and Los Angeles Abrasion Loss (LAAL), are conducted in relation to Ec, fcr', and εc0 and are contrasted against existing literature. Two groups of concrete were defined as normal and high-strength (NS- and HS-concrete), and compressive stress-strain curves were recorded during the tests of 220 cylinders, from which Ec, fcr', and εc0 were obtained. A statistical analysis was conducted to study the main effects and interactions of the aggregate type and water-cement ratio on the modulus of elasticity. It was found that the aggregate type had a significant impact on Ec with no interaction with the water-cement ratio. It led to the development of new expressions to account for the different available aggregates, potentially improving future local building code provisions for Ec. Values of fcr' ranged from 20 MPa to 95 MPa, with the corresponding Ec / √fcr' ratio varying from 4870 to 6140 MPa for the NS-group, while being approximately 25% smaller, on average, for the HS-group. The greatest Ec values are produced by an igneous aggregate type exhibiting the lowest LAAL, while a metamorphic aggregate with 40% LAAL produces the lowest Ec values. However, both aggregates had 100% fractured faces, resulting in the highest fcr' values at 56 days (42 ≤ fcr' ≤ 44 MPa), with the fractured faces of the aggregate being the critical parameter for compressive strength. The εc0 results showed negligible median variations among the aggregate types, except for the aggregate with a smooth surface with fewer fractured faces. Median εc0 values are 0.0019 and 0.0026 for the NS- and HS-group, respectively.

Effect of design parameters on degree of blending and performance of recycled hot-mix asphalt incorporating fine reclaimed asphalt pavement particles

Due to the rich binder content and high economic benefits of fine reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) particle, more and more attention has been paid to the effective design of recycled hot-mix asphalt (HMA) incorporating this material. This research explored the effect of design parameters on degree of blending (DoB) and performance of recycled HMAs incorporating fine RAP particles. Six groups of mixes were designed, including one no blending group, four experimental groups, and one full blending group. The different parameters of preheating temperature, compaction effort, asphalt content (AC), and blending duration, were involved in this research. It can be found that the recycled HMAs incorporating fine RAP particles under the traditional design proved to the risks in water stability and low-temperature performance. By rising the preheating temperature, decreasing compaction effort and increasing AC, or extending the blending duration, more RAP binder would be activated and blended with the virgin binder, and the poor rheological performance of recycled HMAs can be restored. The different design parameters have different effects on the performance. Besides, the actual contribution of DoB to performance was quantified. With an increase in DoB by 10%, the tensile strength ratio, shear strength, fracture energy, fracture strength, and abrasion loss percentage of recycled mixes can improve by around 15%∼28%, 0.15–0.34 MPa, 180–1969 J·m2, 0.25–0.34 MPa, and 7–18%, respectively. In addition, design incorporating fine RAP particles generally can bring significant advantages in energy consumption and CO2 emission.

Salt Spray Resistance of Roller-Compacted Concrete with Surface Coatings.

In order to evaluate the feasibility of surface coatings in improving the performance of RCC under salt spray conditions, sodium silicate (SS), isooctyl triethoxy silane (IOTS), and polyurea (PUA) were used as surface coatings to prepare four types of roller-compacted concrete (RCC): reference RCC, RCC-SS, RCC-IOTS, and RCC-PUA. A 5% sodium sulfate solution was used to simulate a corrosive marine environment with high temperatures, high humidity, and high concentrations of salt spray. This study focuses on investigating various properties, including water absorption, abrasion loss, compressive strength, dynamic elastic modulus, and impact resistance. Compared to the reference RCC, the 24 h water absorption of RCC-SS, RCC-IOTS, and RCC-PUA without salt spray exposure decreased by 22.8%, 77.2%, and 89.8%, respectively. After 300 cycles of salt spray, the abrasion loss of RCC-SS, RCC-IOTS, and RCC-PUA reduced by 0.3%, 4.4%, and 34.3%, respectively. Additionally, their compressive strengths increased by 3.8%, 0.89%, and 0.22%, and the total absorbed energy at fracture increased by 64.8%, 53.2%, and 50.1%, respectively. The results of the study may provide a reference for the selection of coating materials under conditions similar to those in this study.

Exfoliation, hydroxylation and silanization of two-dimensional (2D) montmorillonites (MMTs) and evaluation of the effects on tire rubber properties

In this work, effects of two-dimensional (2D) montmorillonite (MMT) on physical/mechanical/dynamic properties and rolling resistance of a model tire rubber were assessed. To achieve proper performance of MMTs in rubber compound, the layered stacks were initially exfoliated using sonication in deionized water. Pure MMTs showed a great tendency to aggregation in rubber matrix due to their superhydrophilic nature, so they were functionalized using 5 M NaOH solution to create surface OH groups for subsequent modification. The functionalized MMTs were silane modified with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) at different concentrations, finally, vinyl groups caused hydrophobicity and increment of water contact angle (WCA) from 35° to 92° in comparison with pure MMTs. The performance of tire rubber blends (TRBs) containing the pure MMTs, exfoliated MMTs and silanized MMTs was compared to the pristine rubber. Silanization of MMT caused a 140.47 % increase in the crosslink density of TRB nanocomposite. The results showed that the optimum curing time of rubber decreased by 56 s compared to the pristine TRB. The modulus of 100 and 300 % increased by 103 and 20 % for sample that contained silane modified MMTs, respectively. The elongation at break decreased by 7 % for the modified nanocomposite compared to the pristine TRB. Also, the storage modulus and transition glass temperature of nanocomposite containing silanized MMTs increased by 54 % and 7 °C compared to the control TRB, respectively. The rolling resistance in the tire (i.e. C-s5-MMT1) demonstrates a prominent reduction of 19.42 %, accomplished with a 30.28 % decrease in power loss, 85.07 % Akron abrasion loss, and the lowest Heat-Build up, as compared with the pure tire (i.e. C-Ctrl).

Effect of seawater dry-wet cycling on the durability of concrete repair materials

In order to investigate the durability of concrete repair materials in marine environments, this research selected four typical repair materials commonly used on the market to carry out indoor seawater dry and wet cycling tests and real marine environment exposure tests. The research results show that: the compressive strength and abrasion loss variations of these four repair materials under indoor seawater dry-wet cycling are closely related. Among them, magnesium phosphate mortar demonstrates better resistance to seawater erosion in both environments. The chloride ion penetration depth of four repair materials increases with seawater dry and wet cycling time. Its law of change is closely related to the law of change of the most probable pore size inside the material, while the epoxy resin mortar and acrylic-modified mortar have a high depth of chloride ion penetration under the real marine environment due to the microcracks and porous phenomena appearing on the surface of the material. In addition, the results of the tests in the real marine environment differed somewhat from those in the indoor environment, highlighting the need to conduct real marine environment tests. The results provide theoretical support for selecting and evaluating concrete repair materials in the marine environment.

A zero-shot learning for property prediction of wear-resistant steel based on Multiple-source

Abstract In order to address the scarcity of C-Cr-V-Mo steel samples, a zero-shot transfer component analysis (TCA) based on multi-source is proposed. TCA maps the features of multiple sources composed of different kinds of wear-resistant steels and target domain to the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). And the proposed fitness parameter α derived from the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) allows multiple sources to affect the prediction to varying degrees. The support vector regression (SVR) model, established after TCA, can then predict the hardness without homologous samples. The matrix is rapidly predicted by the minimum distance from the sample to the cluster centers of matrix. The (Cr+V)/C, V/Cr and predicted hardness are added to feature space and the abrasion loss of samples quenched at high temperature are predicted using these quenched at low temperature. Experiments show that the multi-source based TCA+SVR model improves the prediction accuracy of hardness of C-Cr-V-Mo steel with R of 0.98 and MAE less than 1.4HRC under zero-shot condition. The primary matrix is quickly identified as martensite. The abrasion loss is mostly effected by hardness, (Cr+V)/C and V/Cr, which is predicted with R of 0.95, MAE of 5.23 mg.

Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt Modified with Crumb Rubber and Fibres

This article investigates the impact of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) and fibre additives (aramid fibre and basalt fibre) on the performance properties of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixtures. Tests were conducted to evaluate mix design, draindown, cantabro loss, moisture sensitivity, rutting resistance and fatigue behavior. The Marshall method, the draindown parameters (ASTM D6390-11) and the cantabro loss characteristics (ASTM D 7064) were used to examine the mix design qualities. The modified Lottman test was used to assess the moisture sensitivity of SMA mixes. The roller compactor cum rut analyzer was used to assess rutting resistance. Findings showed that CRMB and fibre additives effectively controlled binder draindown and minimized abrasion loss in SMA mixtures. SMA-CRMB mixtures had higher draindown, but comparable cantabro loss than SMA-AF and SMA-BF mixtures. Incorporating CRMB and fibre additives enhanced moisture sensitivity, rutting resistance and fatigue behavior. SMA mixtures with 0.3% fibre addition displayed similar performance properties to SMA with CRMB. Further, substituting fibre additions for CRMB in SMA combinations may yield similar performance. KEYWORDS: Stone matrix asphalt, Crumb rubber-modified bitumen, Fibre additives, Draindown, Cantabro loss, Moisture sensitivity, Rutting resistance, Fatigue behaviour.

TUMBLING EXPERIMENT FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ABRASION AND MASS LOSS OF COASTAL SEDIMENTS FROM AN ARTIFICIAL COARSE-CLASTIC BEACH

In order to assess the accretive or erosive pattern of a stretch of coast, it is essential to estimate its sediment budget, i.e. the quantification of all sources and sinks of sediments. The sediment budget is the basis of a reliable coastal management plan (Ruol et al., 2018). In fact, coastal erosion is usually the result of a negative balance of factors, both natural and anthropogenic, that operate on different scales, none of which may be considered the single cause. Recently, a massive abrasion rate of coarse-clastic sediments was documented in artificial nourished beaches. The mechanism is associated with both mild wave conditions and extreme stormy events, which could also induce chippings. This phenomenon could decrease the durability of nourishments (Bertoni et al., 2012 and 2016) and is usually not considered in the sediment balance. The mass loss due to abrasion can lead to errors in the analysis of erosive and accretive patterns after the nourishment and consequently to erroneous coastal management strategies. Moreover, the sediment grain size in a given beach (naturally present or selected for nourishments) is strictly related to the typical wave energy. The abrasion mechanism and the possible pebble chipping change the sediment grain size, which could become unstable and not adequate for the local wave climate. Based on the large cost of nourishments, which also require strong monitoring in the subsequent years, it is crucial to understand the abrasion and mass loss rates of the filling sediments to extend the life of artificial beaches as long as possible.

Predicting abrasion resistance of concrete containing plastic waste, fly ash, and graphene nanoplatelets using an artificial neural network and response surface methodology

The influence of plastic waste (PW) and fly ash as partial substitutes to coarse aggregate and cement, respectively, and Graphene NanoPlatelets (GNPs) as additive to cement mass on the Cantabro abrasion loss of concrete was investigated in this study. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) techniques were adopted to establish models for estimating the Cantabro loss of the concrete. The variables used were PW, fly ash, GNPs, water-to-cementitious material ratio, and number of revolutions. For the ANN, 60 unique samples of Cantabro loss (%) were used. Fourteen neurons are considered in the hidden layer, and the Levenberg–Marquardt technique is applied to train the network. Both the coefficient of determination (R) and mean square error were taken into consideration for the performance analysis of ANN models to predict the Cantabro loss (%). The present prediction of Cantabro loss (%) by use of the ANN can be a helping source for preceding studies on proposing the solution to utilize PW in concrete. The developed model using RSM also has a very high degree of correlation (R2 = 0.953) and was highly significant. However, in terms of accuracy of prediction, the ANN model was the best, having the highest coefficient of determination with R2 values of 0.995, 0.995, and 0.992 for training, validation, and testing, respectively.

Evaluation of roller compacted concrete for its application as high traffic resisting pavements with fatigue analysis

Roller compacted concrete is a special kind of concrete developed for dams and low-volume traffic pavements, such as yards, lots, storage areas, etc., with the aim of easy compaction under rolling loads without requiring formworks. Roller compacted concrete is primarily used for low-volume traffic pavements as it has limited cement content which reduces cohesion, affecting its fatigue, abrasion and shrinkage resistance. Testing RCC is also quite difficult as beams and molds have to be extracted from slab specimens, thereby limiting the studies aimed at fatigue analysis which require many samples. This study aims to develop a heavy-loaded high-volume traffic-resisting Roller compacted concrete by altering the mix design of pavement quality concrete evaluating its mechanical properties, abrasion, and shrinkage strains alongside analyzing the microstructure. Also, the fatigue life of Roller compacted concrete has been compared with pavement quality concrete using normal distribution and different Weibull distribution methods and analyzed using a plate load test. The results showed that mix RCC7 (Cement: Fine aggregate: Coarse aggregate: Water = 406.8: 892.8: 863.6: 127.5 kg/m3) achieved a compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and percent abrasion loss of 43.86 MPa, 4.67 MPa, 4.92 MPa, and 11.7%, respectively at 28 days. Also, shrinkage strains were nearly 31% lesser than pavement quality concrete. Fatigue results and stress variation profile from plate load test prove that Roller compacted concrete having 13% cement also has better stress absorption capability even if it lacks good stress distribution and can be used as a pavement slab for medium-heavy loaded high-volume traffic- resisting pavements such as state highways.

Thermal and mechanical properties of a new insulation composite material

Abstract The Taguchi optimization method was used to optimize waste and natural different components such as waste marble dust, expanded perlite, perlite aggregate size, cement, and molten tragacanth in the production of new insulation composite material. Compressive strength, thermal conductivity, abrasion loss, and water adsorption properties of the developed composite material were investigated. Taguchi’s standard L18 array was chosen for optimization of these four components with different levels. Response plots were created using the Taguchi and the optimum test condition was determined. The insulation composite material with the best thermal and mechanical properties was obtained under the condition of waste marble dust (1), expanded perlite (1), perlite aggregate size (1) and molten tragacanth (1). In addition, using the anova (Analysis of Variance), percentage impacts on the mechanical and thermal properties of the test parameters were determined. Statistical values obtained from anova and mathematical models are developed by using multi-linear regression method. It was found that the mathematical model and the experimental results were quite compatible. The optimum test conditions detected were verified by confirmation experiments. Confirmation experiment results were obtained between 99.9 % confidence interval values.

Study on the possibility of using steel slag in Ba Ria Vung Tau for the Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)

Currently, the source of materials using to construct transport infrastructure is increasingly scarce in Vietnam. Therefore, it is very necessary to study solutions for utilizing steel slag as aggregates for asphalt concrete. This paper evaluated initially the possibility of use of 50% and 75% steel slag in Ba Ria-Vung Tau replacement aggregates for stone mastic asphalt with a nominal maximum aggregate size of 12,5mm (SMA 12,5). Based on the laboratory experiments, the study evaluated the required technical parameters of SMA 12,5 in terms of drain down characteristic, Cantabro abrasion loss, Marshall stability, Marshall stability ratio, and rutting according to TCCS36:2021/TCDBVN. Test results indicated the possibility of use of 50% steel slag replacement aggregates for SMA 12,5 in pavement construction.

Underwater surface abrasion of conventional and geopolymer concrete using the ASTM C1138 approach

This study focuses on the development of unique geopolymer-based composites made using industrial byproducts and waste materials. The first test variable was the compressive strength grade, where conventional concrete specimens with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and GPC specimens having three target design strengths (20, 30 and 40 MPa) were prepared and tested. All specimens were tested at different ages, which is the second variable of the study, where early ages (3 and 7 days) and mature age (28 days) were adopted. It is worth mentioning that both geopolymer and concrete samples had the exact quantities of filler and binder materials. Then, the specimens were tested following the procedure of standard ASTM C1138 approach under-water abrasion tests, which were conducted at 6 intervals of 12 h each. The recorded abrasion results revealed higher abrasion losses for specimens with lower design strengths regardless of the type of concrete. Besides, the influence of the sample's age on enhancing the abrasion resistance was more apparent in conventional concrete samples than geopolymer ones since the last gained their design strength early, about three days. The GPC specimens exhibited lower abrasion losses compared to their corresponding OPC ones revealing a better abrasion resistance. The difference was the highest at the age of 3 days due to the early strength development of GPC. The abrasion resistance enhancement of GPC specimens compared to their corresponding OPC ones at 3 days was 72% for the design strength of 20 MPa and around 55% for the higher design compressive strengths.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of condom industry waste reinforced natural rubber composites - Circular economy approach

Condom industry waste mainly consists of light magnesium carbonate (LMC), which is extensively used as a finishing powder during the final stages of condom production. This LMC waste (LW) is usually disposed of as a landfill, causing an increase in the hardness of water. LW generated in HLL Lifecare Limited, India, was procured, characterized by analytical techniques, and reutilized in natural rubber (NR) as a reinforcing filler. The prepared composites were subjected to rheological, mechanical, thermal and sorption characterizations. In comparison to NR neat, the composite with 3 phr (parts per hundred of rubber) LW showed a rise in tensile strength, tear strength, and modulus at 300% elongation by 22%, 20%, and 28%, respectively. A remarkable decrease in abrasion loss is also evidenced. The activation energy (Ea) for degradation, calculated by the Coats-Redfern (CR) method, showed 10 kJmol-1 increase for composite with 3 phr LW, proving its better thermal stability. It also exhibited higher solvent uptake resistance, as established by sorption experiments. The superior properties of this composite have been attributed to the uniform LW distribution and ameliorated NR-LW interaction. Hence, the prepared composites find considerable potential in manufacturing industrial NR components accomplishing a circular economy.

Sustainable Open-Graded Friction Course asphalt mixes with steel slag aggregates

A permeable mixture called Open-Graded Friction Course (OGFC) is used to lessen the effects of climate change, especially during periods of heavy rain. It is made up of open gradation, mostly coarse aggregates, and fewer fines. The advantages of an OGFC mixture include the removal of surface water from the pavement, noise absorption, increased frictional resistance and more. Steel slag is a waste product left over from the Iron and Steel industry that can be utilized as aggregates in OGFC mixes. The primary goal of this work is to assess the usage of steel slag aggregates in place of conventional aggregates to produce the OGFC mix for getting improved mixture properties. Five percentage substitutions were employed to examine the design and quality of the OGFC mix, namely, 0% (control mix), 25, 50, 75, and 100% of steel slag aggregates in place of conventional aggregates. Tests for air voids, binder draindown, unaged and aged Cantabro abrasion loss, and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test were conducted to evaluate the performance of OGFC mixes containing different percentages of steel slag. The test results show that the performance of the mix was improved by the addition of various percentages of steel slag. The results of the physical properties tests on steel aggregates were better than that of conventional aggregates. The mix with steel slag aggregates exhibits a slight improvement in the drainage property when compared to the conventional aggregate mix, according to the test results of the draindown test. When compared to the conventional mix, the mix with 100% replacement at 5.75% bitumen content produced better raveling resistance, and the mix with 50% steel slag replacement indicated improved resistance to moisture susceptibility with good Tensile Strength Ratio. The test results showed 100% replacement mix performed better in terms of abrasion loss, binder draindown, and air voids content, while a 50% replacement mix performed better in terms of moisture susceptibility along with other parameters. Overall, it can be concluded that using steel slag aggregates in the OGFC mix can be advantageous and increase sustainability with utilization of steel slag as an industrial marginal material in construction of pavements.