Aboveground Mass Research Articles

Influence of cultivation technology on the yield of winter wheat

A comprehensive study has been carried out on the influence of technological methods of growing winter wheat on the process of formation of the above-ground mass of plants in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Crop rotation was carried out with two predecessors: black fallow and spring barley at a seeding rate of 3 and 5 million viable seeds/hectare. Evaluation of the intensity of plant development in the initial period of vegetation (measurement of absolutely dry weight of 100 plants 15 and 30 days after the emergence of full seedlings) was recorded in winter wheat plants in black fallow crops. The largest above-ground mass of the plant was formed 30 days after the emergence of full seedlings. A direct correlation was established between the amount of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0-25 cm and the period of emergence of winter wheat seedlings. The highest level of winter wheat yield was obtained for black fallow 3.46 t/ hectare when sown in the second decade of October.

Влияние импульсного и сканирующего светодиодного излучения на биохимический состав и продуктивность капусты японской сорта Мизуна Ред

When growing plants in light culture, particularly effective are energy-saving LED irradiators with long service life, low heat dissipation and small size, as well as an ability to be closely located to the plants and possibility of regulating the intensity and spectrum of illumination. To evaluate the effect of irradiation modes on plants and energy expenditure under these regimes, the productivity of plant products of Japanese cabbage variety Mizuna Red and their biochemical composition were studied. Plants were illuminated by specially designed LED lamps produced by VIM with a dynamically adjustable spectral composition in four channels. Experimental studies were conducted under three radiation modes: continuous (control), pulsed and scanning with a total photosynthetic active radiation of 321 μmol/m²s in the proportion of B:G:R:FR ~ 30:26:38:6. Parameters of aboveground mass and dry matter formation were determined twice on the 15th and 30th days of the growing season. It was found that under the pulsed radiation mode the content of dietary fibres in leaves compared to continuous illumination (control) is 64.3% higher, and ash content - 19.1% higher. The increased content of ascorbic acid and choline has also been noted. The application of the pulsed mode of radiation increased the content of carbohydrates in the tissues of Mizuna Red shoots by 71.4% as compared to the scanning mode.

FEATURES OF THE MANIFESTATION OF BIOMETRIC INDICATORS IN VARIETIES AND BREEDING LINES OF BREAD WINTER WHEAT ON THE AUTUMN VEGETATION DORMANCY ONSET DATE IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

FEATURES OF THE MANIFESTATION OF BIOMETRIC INDICATORS IN VARIETIES AND BREEDING LINES OF BREAD WINTER WHEAT ON THE AUTUMN VEGETATION DORMANCY ONSET DATE IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА OCIMUM (БАЗИЛИК) В БАШКИРСКОМ ПРЕДУРАЛЬЕ

This paper presents the results of an introductory study of three representatives of aromatic plants from the Ocimum genus: O. x africanum, O. basilicum var. purpurascens, O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora. The peculiarities of the main phenological phases, biomorphological and reproductive indicators are studied, the information on agrotechnics of basil cultivation in culture in the Bashkir Cis-Urals (Ufa) is given. The studies of the biological features of the above basil taxa were carried out in 2021–22. in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFRC RAS at the collection site of aromatic plants (Aromatic Garden). It has been established that under conditions of introduction in the Bashkir Cis-Urals, basil taxa undergo a complete cycle of life development, including the formation of full-fledged seeds. Plants grow perfectly, develop, form a welleveloped aboveground mass. The studied basil taxa can be widely used to create aromatic gardens, used as medicinal raw materials and in cooking as a spice.

Growth of vegetative mass of willow as affected by varietal characteristics and planting material

The results of the research which studied the increase of the aboveground mass of a willow-tree in correlation with the varietal features and kinds of the planting material were presented in the paper. Methods. Field, measuring, mathematic-statistical methods were used. Results. The research was carried out in the experimental field of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet in the years 2019–2021; two species were used: Salix triandra cultivar ‘Panfilivska’, and common willow cultivar ‘Zbruch’ were studied. The intensity of the increase of the vegetative mass of willow, the output of the planting material (cuttings or shoots) was predetermined by both a stem diameter and their number. It was proved that biometric indicators, such as plant height, stem thickness and the number of productive stems — were higher for ‘Zbruch’ cultivar as compared with those of ‘Panfilivska’. No significant difference by these indicators depending on the kind of the planting material was recorded. Conclusions. Plant height and willow stem thickness in dynamics depended on varietal features. When common willow ‘Zbruch’ cultivar was planted using cuttings and shoots, the increase of the height and stem thickness was higher as compared with that of ‘Panfilivska’ cultivar both at the beginning of the vegetation (in spring), and in autumn.

Влияние некоторых агроэлементов технологии возделывания на эффективность выращивания подсолнечника в условиях степной зоны Кабардино-Балкарии

The article presents the results of long-term (2016–2018) studies conducted on the Ciscaucasian (carbonate) chernozems of the steppe zone of the Ka-bardino-Balkarian Republic. The efficiency (technical – the degree of weed suppression, economic – the yield of sunflower oil seeds, economic – the revenue from the sale of products, the amount of net income, cost, profitability, etc.) of some elements in sunflower cultivation technologies has been studied. A high degree of weed suppression in the crops of the studied sunflower varieties has been proven using normal (63.0–77.6%) and intensive (82.5–91.4%) technologies by the end of the growing season of the crop. In the variant with extensive technology, this indicator did not exceed 60.8 % in the variety Lakomka and 43.3% of weed death in the variety Belochka. The crude aboveground mass of weeds, determined 30 days after the treatment of sowings, was also the smallest in variants with normal (35.0–43.0 g/m2) and intensive (15.0–35.0 g/m2) agrotechnologies. On the background of extensive technology, these results exceeded 87.0 and 93.0 g/m2, respective-ly, for sunflower varieties. The different degree of contamination of sowings had an impact on the yield of sunflower oil seeds. Therefore, in the variant with extensive technology, it did not exceed 2.1 and 1.8 t/ha in the Lakomka and Belochka, respectively. On the background of normal and intensive technologies, these data were 2.7–3.5 t/ha for the Lakomka and 2.5–2.8 t/ha for the Belochka, respectively. In a production test (2020) conducted with sunflower sowings of the Lakomka variety, the high economic efficiency of intensive technology with a seed yield of 2.9 t/ha at a gross product value of 72.5 thousand rubles/ha with a net income of 37.0 thousand rubles/ha and a profitability of 104.0% was confirmed. For the variant with normal technology, gross output in monetary terms amounted to 57.5 thousand ru-bles/ha with a net income of 33.8 thousand rubles/ha with a profitability of 143.0%. On the variant of extensive technology, the gross product value was 35.0 thousand rubles/ha with the amount of production costs of 18.6 thousand rubles/ha. Under these conditions, both the amount of net income (16.4 thousand rubles/ha) and profitability (88.0%) of production were the lowest.

Dynamics of the aboveground phytomass of the Ob floodplain meadows in the area of the Tomsk carbon polygon (Kaibasovo)

At the Kaibasovo site (Tomsk carbon polygon), during 2017-2021, studies of multi-year changes in the vegetation of the floodplain meadows of the Ob river were carried out on 4 permanent sample plots to determine the effect of weather conditions and floods on the formation of aboveground phytomass.
 The research area is located within the southern taiga subzone of the forest zone and belongs to the northern part of the Shegarsky section of the floodplain. Permanent sample plots were laid out on relief elements of different flooding conditions - high ridges, their slopes, and depressions. Grass, forb and sedge phytocenoses were studied. In the phase of maximum development of the herbage, geobotanical descriptions and sampling of aboveground phytomass (including litter and rags) were carried out. Descriptions were made on an area of 100 m2, the herbage was mowed from squares of 0.25 m2 four times. Under field conditions, the mowing was sorted by types, dried and weighed. The productivity of the herbage was determined by summing up the masses of particular types. Further, the average indicators of phytocenosis such as the composition of dominant species, the total number of species, the composition and ratio of various fractions (agrobiological and ecological groups) were determined in terms of 1 m2 of aboveground mass.
 Weather conditions and meadow flooding regime for the growing seasons of 2017-2021 were characterized on the basis of data from the Molchanovo meteorological station and the Nikolskoe gauging station. We took into account the average ten-day and monthly values of temperature and precipitation as well as HTC for the entire growing season. This provided the possibility to select wet and dry, warm and relatively cold seasons as a basis for analyzing the phytomass dynamics. Based on the results of a general evaluation of hydroclimatic conditions, 2017-2018 have been assessed as warm, humid, mid-water, 2019 - extremely dry and hot, when the floodplain was not flooded, 2020 - slightly dry mid-water, 2021 - cold and dry with a relatively high flood.
 It was found that the dynamics of the meadow vegetation of the Kaibasovskiy section of the Ob floodplain is determined by the influence of the weather conditions of the current and previous years, the nature of the flood, and characterized by changes in the above-ground mass, the ratio of dominant species, the composition of ecological and biological groups of species in the herbage.
 The change in the state of the cereal community, developed on a high ridge, was due to the dynamics of weather conditions. The range of productivity changes over the years was the smallest. This was due to the good adaptability of the phytocenosis provided by a variety of vegetatively mobile long-rhizome grasses from the ecological groups of xeromesophytes, mesophytes and eumesophytes. The state of the other three communities studied was determined not only by weather conditions, but also by a more important factor such as flooding of meadows during seasonal floods. Their productivity turned out to be generally higher and the range of fluctuations in the amount of aboveground phytomass over the years was wider (on average, twice).
 The study of the relationship between the productivity of the herbage and the destruction of the aboveground part of the mortmass and hydroclimatic conditions showed that at all altitudinal levels of the floodplain in arid conditions, there is a decrease in the mass of the herbage of meadows and the accumulation of dead plant residues. The aboveground phytomass of the communities of the upper and middle altitude levels increases with the increase in environmental humidity, while the total aboveground mass increases, but the proportion of dead plant matter decreases.
 The increase of aboveground phytomass of sedge phytocenoses of medium-low and low levels occurs in humid, warm, mid-water years, while an increase in the abundance of moisture-loving grasses and sedges in the herbage is observed. The accumulation of the amount of dead plant matter is also observed in years with prolonged stagnation of water. The decomposition of litter and rags is most active in humid and warm spring.

Optimization of elements of forage sorghum cultivation in the south-west of the Central region of Russia

Relevance. In the agro-climatic conditions of the southwestern part of the Central region of Russia, studies have been conducted aimed at improving the zonal agrotechnology of forage sorghum in order to optimize individual elements of cultivation that are relevant and timely. The main task was to assess the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers and seeding rates on yield, crop structure, nutritional value of the aboveground mass of sorghum varieties and hybrids, their energy assessment in the conditions of gray forest soils of the Bryansk region.Material and methods. The experimental work was carried out in 2015–2020 at the experimental field of Bryansk GAU. The objects of research were 3 sorghum-sudan grass hybrids: Slavyanskoe pole 15 F1, Sabantuy F1, Solaris and 5 varieties of sweet sorghum: Zernogradskij yantar, Debut, Listvenit, Sazhen, Sever. Agricultural technology of experiments —adopted in the region for silage and fodder crops. The laying of experiments, field records and observations were carried out according to the Broad Unified Classifier of the CMEA, the International Classifier of the CMEA of cultivated species of the genus Sorghum Moench and the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops.Results. The significant influence of azophoska , borophosphate and ammonium nitrate on the growth, development, yield and quality of the feed massof sorghum-sudan grass hybrids has been established. The highest yield of 14.8–15.8 t dry matter or 65–71 t ofgreen mass per 1 ha formed sorghum-sudan grass hybrids Sabantuy F1 and Solaris in the variant with N90 feeding on the main background 1 — azophoska N60P60K60. High-yielding agrocenoses of sweet sorghum Listvenit were marked—, 65–70.9 t/ha of green mass with a seeding rate of 500 thousand pieces of germinating seeds per 1 ha. The highest yield of gross energy with the harvest was provided by the Listvenit variety (54.8 GJ/ha), in the Sazhen and Sever varieties in the range of 50.1–50.7 GJ/ha. A high energy coefficient of 4.3–4.5 and an energy efficiency coefficient of 2.1 and 2.4respectively were shown by crops of Listvenitand Sever varieties.

Introduction to Сulture, Reproduction, and Productivity of Aromatic Plants of the Lamiaceae Family in the Central Polissia of Ukraine

The introduction of new types of aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family into the culture is relevant for the enrichment of the biological diversity of the flora of the Central Polissia of Ukraine, as well as for the expansion of the raw material base of spicy-aromatic, medicinal, food, decorative, and honey-bearing plants. The purpose of this study is to find methods of propagation of aromatic plants, best sowing times and feeding areas, and to obtain phytoraw and seed materials. Research methods: laboratory, field, statistical. It was established that the best period for sowing plants of the Lamiaceae family in the conditions of the botanical garden of the Polissia National University is the third decade of April. The use of various methods of propagation proves the expediency of propagation of all annual and perennial plant species under study by seeds, and for M. didyma, S. officinalis, L. vera, and O. vulgare – also by particles, rhizomes, transplanting, and propagule. It is recommended to place S. hortensis, D. moldavica, E. cristata, H. officinalis according to the scheme of 30x45 cm, L. vera, L. anisatus, N. transcaucasica, S. officinalis – 30x50 cm, and O. vulgare, S. sclarea, M. didyma, – 40x50 cm. Among the annual species, the highest productive potential was found in D. moldavica, the above-ground mass productivity of which was 24.7±1.7 t/ha; among perennials – in H. officinalis (38.9±0.2 t/ha) and L. anisatus (44.1±0.9 t/ha). The highest yield of essential oil in terms of absolutely dry substance was found in S. officinalis (1.2%), L. vera (1.808%) and H. angustifolius (2.054%). The results of research on reproduction methods can be used for growing new species of aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family both on homesteads and in agricultural enterprises. The most productive types of aromatic plants should be introduced into production for further use of phytoraw materials and essential oil in pharmacy, food, and other sectors of the national economy.

Humic Acids Formation during Compositing of Plant Remnants in Presence of Calcium Carbonate and Biochar

The investigation of the mechanisms organic matter transformation in compost organic fertilizers is an urgent task of modern soil ecology and soil chemistry. The main components of such fertilizers are newly formed, weakly humified labile humic acids (HAs). The objective of the study is to determine the mechanism of converting the newly formed HAs into the forms with increased resistance to microbiological and biochemical influences. Obtained during the plant residues decomposition, HAs were studied in the incubation experiment (0, 30, 90 days). Calcium carbonate and biochar produced by rapid pyrolysis from birch and aspen wood, at 550 °C, were used as the composting mixture compounds. Decomposed plant residues—fresh aboveground mass of clover (Trifolium pratense L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), as well as dry oat straw (Avena sativa L.) were the material used for humification. To obtain Has, 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M Na4P2O7 were used. Then, HAs were separated from fulvic acids (FAs) using a 0.5 M H2SO4. The amount of labile HAs (HAs1) was estimated by their content in 0.1 M NaOH. The amount of stabilized HAs (HAs2) was calculated by the difference between the HAs content in 0.1 M Na4P2O7 and 0.1 M NaOH. Preparation of HAs for elemental composition and NMR analysis was performed according to the International Humic Substances Society’s recommendations. The possibility of converting newly formed HAs into stable forms (calcium humates), whose share in the HAs composition reaches 40–50%, has been shown. However, the mechanism of HAs transformation under the studied reagent’s influence was different. In the presence of calcium carbonate, it is caused by the physicochemical processes of newly formed HAs rearrangement. However, in the presence of biochar, this is due to the humification processes’ intensification and to the increase in the aromatization degree confirmed by the increase in the optical density, as well as by the increase in carbon and oxygen proportion, and by the decrease in hydrogen proportion in HAs molecules. The understanding of HAs formation and transformation mechanisms at the early humification stages can help to optimize the methods of obtaining organic fertilizers.

Influence of cultivation methods on the premier cultivar of Hungarian clover yield in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Studies have been carried out on the influence of cultivation methods on the green mass yield and the herbage structure of the perennial fodder plant - Premier cultivar of Hungarian clover in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. A three-factor experience was laid out for the study. The effect of the timing of sowing spring oats under a cover (II ten-day period of May) and summer coverless oats (II ten-day period of July), sowing methods - row (15 cm) and wide-row (60 cm) and two rates of seeding - 1 and 2 million germinated seeds per 1 ha was studied. It is shown that in the second year of life, clover does not yet form an economically significant level of yield of aboveground mass due to biological features. At the same time, this is the year when the influence of different cultivation methods can be traced. The best result was obtained when sowing in the spring in a row - 35 cwt/ ha of dry weight. In the transition of plants to the adult generative state, starting from the third year, an increase in the yield in all variants of the experiment to 80-100 c/ha due to the increase in height and density of the most productive generative shoots was recorded. The intensity of shoot formation differed by variants. The highest was noted on low-productive with the lowest number of generative shoots of the second year - summer wide-row crops. The ability of Hungarian clover to self-regulate the density of shoots depending on the feeding area was noted. As a result, by the fourth year of life, differences in herbage yield between spring and summer sowing dates, low and high (1 and 2 million pcs/ha) seeding rates, row and wide-row sowing methods were leveled.

The Sustainable Future of Carbon Farming with Virginia Fanpetals, a Carbon-Negative Species

In 2016–2018, an experiment with Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby (Virginia fanpetals) called Sida was conducted in the system of random blocks on sandy and sandy loam soil. Each year, the yields of dry aboveground mass and dried mass of roots were determined. Before sowing Sida and after the end of the research, the composition of earthy fractions in the soils was determined. In the stalks and roots of Sida, the percentage content was determined, and the mass of carbon was calculated. When Sida was grown in sandy soil, the average dry mass yield (stalks and roots) in the third year of cultivation (2018), was slightly above 13 t∙ha−1, and in the sandy loam soil it was three times higher (36 t∙ha−1). In the third year of cultivation, the carbon sequestration in the stems and roots exceeded 5 t∙ha−1 (sandy soil), and 15 t∙ha−1 (sandy loam). The carbon content in the stems was 46.25%, and in the roots–42.67%. The results were statistically processed using ANOVA. It was found that the cultivation of Sida caused a percent decrease in the sand fraction, an increase in the floatable (fine) fraction in sandy soil, and an increase in humus content; the opposite changes were noted in the sandy-loam soil.

Symbiotic and physiological indicators of soybean inoculated of Bradyrhizobium japonicum single-strain in 7 days before sowing

Results of investigation of soybean of the Almaz variety in inoculation with preparations based on nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner, 1896), Jordan, 1982 B78, B157, D37, D87 are presented. Different periods of the soybean seeds inoculation were used - on the sowing day (control) and in 7 days before sowing (experimental variants). The differences between control and experimental plants in the formation and functioning of the symbiotic apparatus and its functional activity, depending on the period between from seed inoculation to sowing were analysed. It was determined that the number of root nodules in the control plants was higher. The mass of nodules at the stage of 3 true leaves exceeded the control by 1.5–2.0 times in plants inoculated in 7 days before sowing, and the intensity of nitrogen fixation by 1.7–6.6 times. At the budding-beginning of flowering stage, the mass and intensity of N2 fixation by the nodules of control plants increased. As a result, the difference between the nitrogen fixing activity of control and experimental plants decreased significantly. Stimulating effect on aboveground mass of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with increased nitrogen fixing activity was noted. Optimal conditions for the formation and functioning of bean-rhizobial symbiosis were provided at the use of both of these terms of soybean inoculation. This reveals the possibility of effective application of early inoculation of soybean seeds with preparations based on nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum active strains.

ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ СОРГО ЗЕРНОВОГО ТА СОРИЗУ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СТРОКІВ СІВБИ НАСІННЯ

The article presents the results of research on the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and sorghum. Goal. Investigate the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and varieties of Dniprovsky 39 and Samaran 6 varieties in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method was used in the study, which includes the study of biological and ecological features of growth and development, productivity and quality of the studied crop; laboratory method used to study the relationship between plant and environment; mathematical and statistical methods included the processing of experimental data to increase the validity of conclusions. Results. High yields of sorghum grain and biomass were obtained during sowing of seeds in the first decade of May (second sowing period), when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm was 12-14 оС. In grain sorghum of Dniprovskyi 39 and Samaran 6, grain yield was 7.1 and 6.4 t/ha, biomass – 37.4 and 35.9 t/ha. The highest yield of bioethanol and solid fuel was obtained in the same variant of the experiment. The highest energy yield was obtained for sowing seeds in the first decade of May and was equal to 199.3 GJ/ha in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 187.9 GJ/ha in the variety Samaran 6. About 71.0-72.0 % are concentrated in solid fuel (140,8 and 135.2 GJ/ha) of this energy and in bioethanol only 28-29 % (51.1 and 52.7 GJ/ha). Conclusions. It was studied that the grain yield and biomass of sorghum and sorghum mostly depend on the terms of sowing seeds – 29.2 %, the degree of influence of varieties was much lower and amounted to 8.1%. It is established that in comparison with the optimal sowing dates – the first and second decades of May, sowing seeds in the third decade of April (I sowing period) reduces grain yield by 4.2-12.6 % in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 4.7-9,4 % in the variety Samaran 6; aboveground mass by 4.8-9.6 % and 6.4-10.6 %, respectively. Correlation-regression analysis of the data shows a close relationship between yield and biofuel yield. The correlation coefficient was R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. There is also a strong correlation between yield and energy yield where R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. Key words: varieties, yield, yield of biethanol and solid fuel, energy yield.

Сравнительный анализ кормовой ценности сортов суданской травы в условиях Карагандинской области

The article presents the results of an experiment on the cultivation of three varieties of Sudanese grass in the conditions of Karaganda city. Sudanese grass is a heat-loving valuable food crop with high drought resistance. It is cultivated to produce green feed, hay, silage. It is a rich source of vitamins, proteins, minerals. The results of field experiments showed that cryopreservation of Sudanese grass seeds had a positive effect on the productivity of the aboveground mass. Excess in terms of yield indicators for the “Novosibirsk 84” variety is 38.85 c/ha for raw weight and 58.80 c/ha for dry weight; for the “Nika” variety — by 23.55 and 41.25 c/ha, respectively; for the “Tugai” variety — 8.55 and 8.55 c/ha, respectively. According to the fodder value analysis, all three varieties of Sudanese grass have good nutrition of aboveground organs. Varieties differ slightly in the accumulation of starch, sugar, raw protein, ash, carotene, calcium, and phosphorus. Preliminary data make it possible to distinguish the “Novosibirsk 84” variety with the maximum yield, and the “Tugai” variety with the maximum accumulation of elements of fodder value.

Winter tillage and methods of its loosening before planting potatoes

Potatoes have been one of the main food products of the world's population for several centuries. It is grown in more than 110 countries around the world, on an area of over 17 million hectares. In the Russian Federation, the gross potato production varies from 28 to 33 million tons over the years. The object of research is Potato (Latin Solanum tuberosum), a perennial tuberous herbaceous plant from the Solanaceae family. The purpose of the study is to select the optimal density of ordinary chernozem for the growth and development of potatoes during the winter tillage with cutting of ridges in combination with spring loosening with an aggregate and simultaneous cutting of ridges, to ensure the formation of the most developed photosynthetic apparatus, aboveground mass and obtaining the highest yield of tubers. To conduct a study on ordinary chernozem for planting potatoes, autumn winter and spring pre-planting tillage with various tools was carried out. It was found out that the chilling dump treatment to a depth of 0.28-0.30 m, continuous non-shaft loosening with chisel PCH-2.5 to a depth of 0.45 m without cutting or with cutting ridges, in combination with spring loosening with the ACRU-2.8 unit to the same depth and simultaneous cutting of ridges do not significantly affect the density of the soil layer of 0.0-0.4 m. In autumn, 35-40 days after processing (October 10-15) and in spring during the physical ripeness of the soil, the density of all ten-centimeter soil layers to a depth of 0.4 m is the same, since the differences between the processing methods are not mathematically provable.

PRODUCTIVITY CHANGE OF AWNLESS BROME DUE TO APPLICATION OF VARIOUS AGROCHEMICALS

The results of studies of field experiments on possibility of achieving highly productive agrocenoses of awnless brome due to application of various agrochemicals at different times are presented. To achieve the above goal, studies on agrochemical effects on awnless brome seed-breeding plots were carried out in OAO Mordoviagosplem in Ozerny village, the city of Saransk, the Republic of Mordovia in 2018-2020. Scheme of a two-factor experiment included: Factor A - Time of application of agrochemicals. 1 - At the beginning of spring regrowth, 2 - At booting stage, 3 - In the phase of spring regrowth + booting stage. Factor B - Types of agrochemicals. 1. - Without application of agrochemicals (control). 2. - Megamix Profi. 3. - Megamix-nitrogen. 4 - Albite. It was revealed that maximum weight of 25 shoots, compared with the control, was noted in case of Albit application in the phase of growth, tillering, growth + tillering (79.6; 86.0; 87.0 g); Megamix-Profi (80.4; 80.6 g) and Megamix-Nitrogen (84.8; 82.5 g) in the phases of tillering and growth + tillering. The most intensive shoot formation (533 pcs./m2) was noted in case of double application of Albit, its application at the time of spring regrowth provided maximum economic efficiency coefficient (0.04) and aboveground mass yield (18.54 t/ha). Application of Megamix- Nitrogen (531, 466 kg/ha) and Albit (507, 463 kg/ha) in the spring regrowth and booting phase, as well as Megamix-Profi (508 kg/ha) in booting phase contributed to formation of predominant seed yield.

Phenolic compounds of cultivated chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L.)

Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely known in traditional medicine of many countries, but in official medicine its use is limited as a part of biologically active additives. Despite the available information about pharmacological activity of leaf extracts, their use as a medicinal herbal raw material is almost not considered. The purpose of the work is to study the accumulation dynamics of phenolic compounds (PC) in the leaves of cultivated chicory to optimize the time of harvesting the above-ground mass. The article presents data on the accumulation dynamics of PC in the leaves of two varieties of cultivated chicory, and also compares the obtained data with similars of wild-growing chicory.Results. It was noted that the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves of cultivated chicory is 1,5-2 times higher in comparison with the raw materials of wild plants. The studied varieties differ in the content of PC by 8% in average. It has been established that the main phenolic compounds in the leaves of cultivated chicory are chicoric, chlorogenic and cafftaric acids; their total content in the obtained extracts is 55 %. It was noted that the period of maximum accumulation of PC in leaves falls on the end of september – beginning of october. The established chemical composition, a higher content of phenolic compounds compared to wild plants, as well as the coincidence of the maximum accumulation of PC in the leaves with the approximate date of harvesting chicory roots allows us to consider its cultivation in culture as a promising direction with the aim of the integrated use of the obtained raw materials for both food and pharmaceutical industry.

Dynamics of the content of nutrients in winter barley plants depending on the variety, sowing dates and plant growth regulators

The problem of increasing the production of winter barley grain on irrigated lands can be solved thanks to the improvement of the varietal composition, optimization of sowing dates and improvement of the nutrition system, in particular through the use of drugs with growth-regulating properties. Taking into account the important biological role of growth regulators in the plant nutrition system, the aim was to determine the influence of Gummifield Forte brix, MIR and PROLIS on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the main phases of plant development of different varieties of winter barley at optimal and late sowing dates. The research was conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture (now the Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture) of the National Academy of Sciences according to methodological recommendations for conducting field tests under irrigation conditions. In the above-ground mass of plants, straw and grain, the total content was determined: nitrogen – according to Kjeldahl, phosphorus – according to Murphy-Reilly, potassium – using a flame photometer. It was determined that on the irrigated lands of the South of Ukraine, the use of growth regulators Gumifield Forte brix, MIR and PROLIS had a significant effect on the accumulation of the main nutrients (especially nitrogen) by plants and winter barley grains. The highest content of basic nutrients in plants was at the early stages of development (spring tillering), after which their amount decreased until the end of the growing season of the crop. The maximum nitrogen content of 2.02% on dry matter on the Dev'iatyi val variety and 1.85% on the Academichnyi variety was provided by the use of Gummifield Forte Brix.Among the varieties, the Dev'iatyi val, on average, accumulated nitrogen in the grain for sowing on October 1 and 20 by 9.1 and 9.5 percentage points more than Akademichnyi, according to the plant growth regulator factor. Thanks to the treatment of winter barley seeds with plant growth regulators Gumifield Forte Brix and PROLIS and sowing the crop at the optimal time, it is possible to increase the nitrogen content in plants and grain by 6.0-15.1 and 9.3-22.5 percentage points, respectively, which will have a positive effect on grain formation and its quality. In further studies, it is necessary to optimize the application doses of mineral fertilizers using new multi-component growth regulators of winter barley plants under irrigation conditions in the South of Ukraine

FUNGAL PATHOGENIC COMPLEX OF THE ROOT ZONE OF CULTIVATED SOYBEAN PLANTS

FUNGAL PATHOGENIC COMPLEX OF THE ROOT ZONE OF CULTIVATED SOYBEAN PLANTS