ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ СОРГО ЗЕРНОВОГО ТА СОРИЗУ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СТРОКІВ СІВБИ НАСІННЯ

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and sorghum. Goal. Investigate the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and varieties of Dniprovsky 39 and Samaran 6 varieties in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method was used in the study, which includes the study of biological and ecological features of growth and development, productivity and quality of the studied crop; laboratory method used to study the relationship between plant and environment; mathematical and statistical methods included the processing of experimental data to increase the validity of conclusions. Results. High yields of sorghum grain and biomass were obtained during sowing of seeds in the first decade of May (second sowing period), when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm was 12-14 оС. In grain sorghum of Dniprovskyi 39 and Samaran 6, grain yield was 7.1 and 6.4 t/ha, biomass – 37.4 and 35.9 t/ha. The highest yield of bioethanol and solid fuel was obtained in the same variant of the experiment. The highest energy yield was obtained for sowing seeds in the first decade of May and was equal to 199.3 GJ/ha in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 187.9 GJ/ha in the variety Samaran 6. About 71.0-72.0 % are concentrated in solid fuel (140,8 and 135.2 GJ/ha) of this energy and in bioethanol only 28-29 % (51.1 and 52.7 GJ/ha). Conclusions. It was studied that the grain yield and biomass of sorghum and sorghum mostly depend on the terms of sowing seeds – 29.2 %, the degree of influence of varieties was much lower and amounted to 8.1%. It is established that in comparison with the optimal sowing dates – the first and second decades of May, sowing seeds in the third decade of April (I sowing period) reduces grain yield by 4.2-12.6 % in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 4.7-9,4 % in the variety Samaran 6; aboveground mass by 4.8-9.6 % and 6.4-10.6 %, respectively. Correlation-regression analysis of the data shows a close relationship between yield and biofuel yield. The correlation coefficient was R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. There is also a strong correlation between yield and energy yield where R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. Key words: varieties, yield, yield of biethanol and solid fuel, energy yield.