Вплив систем обробітку ґрунту на ефективність вирощування соняшника в умовах заходу України

Abstract

The purpose of research: сomparative assessment of the effectiveness of sunflower cultivation with the introduction of traditional and resource-saving tillage systems in the soil and climatic conditions of Western Ukraine. Research methods: hypothesis, experiment, field observation, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field research was carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of Western Ukraine on a field with sod and deep clayey sandy soils. Plots with different tillage systems were laid out for research: plot 1 – traditional tillage (plowing to a depth of 25 cm); plot 2 – conservation tillage of the soil (chiseling to a depth of 35 cm); plot 3 – mulching of the soil (disking to a depth of 10 cm). According to the results of the research, a positive effect of the intensity and depth of the main tillage on plant height and elements of the structure of the sunflower crop was noted. With traditional tillage, the highest yield of sunflower seeds was noted - 1.81 t/ha. On the plot with conservation tillage, the yield is 1.75 t/ha, and on the plot with mulch tillage – 1.72 t/ha. The yield difference between the best and worst indicators was only 0.09 t/ha. Plowing requires significant energy and labor costs, which exceed similar indicators for the implementation of tillage systems. Direct operating costs for plowing were the largest and amounted to 1,661 UAH /ha, which is 618 and 986 UAH /ha more than the costs of deep plowing and disking, respectively. The introduction of traditional tillage contributes to the formation of the highest yield and an increase in profit by 192-229 UAH /ha. However, despite the lowest profit, the highest profitability of 52.2% was obtained due to the lowest costs on the plot with mulching, which is 1.0-1.8% more than on the plots with conservation and traditional tillage systems. Conclusions. The results of the conducted research and calculations indicate that the investigated tillage systems (traditional, conservation and mulching) are at the same level in terms of yield and economic efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the conditions of Western Ukraine. Keywords: research: sunflower, tillage systems, yield, efficiency.