Winter tillage and methods of its loosening before planting potatoes

Abstract

Potatoes have been one of the main food products of the world's population for several centuries. It is grown in more than 110 countries around the world, on an area of over 17 million hectares. In the Russian Federation, the gross potato production varies from 28 to 33 million tons over the years. The object of research is Potato (Latin Solanum tuberosum), a perennial tuberous herbaceous plant from the Solanaceae family. The purpose of the study is to select the optimal density of ordinary chernozem for the growth and development of potatoes during the winter tillage with cutting of ridges in combination with spring loosening with an aggregate and simultaneous cutting of ridges, to ensure the formation of the most developed photosynthetic apparatus, aboveground mass and obtaining the highest yield of tubers. To conduct a study on ordinary chernozem for planting potatoes, autumn winter and spring pre-planting tillage with various tools was carried out. It was found out that the chilling dump treatment to a depth of 0.28-0.30 m, continuous non-shaft loosening with chisel PCH-2.5 to a depth of 0.45 m without cutting or with cutting ridges, in combination with spring loosening with the ACRU-2.8 unit to the same depth and simultaneous cutting of ridges do not significantly affect the density of the soil layer of 0.0-0.4 m. In autumn, 35-40 days after processing (October 10-15) and in spring during the physical ripeness of the soil, the density of all ten-centimeter soil layers to a depth of 0.4 m is the same, since the differences between the processing methods are not mathematically provable.