Percentage Of Abnormal Sperm Research Articles

Clinicopathological and in Silico Insights into Male Infertility: Agerelated Trends and Anti-sperm Antibodies Post COVID-19 Vaccination.

Infertility was often considered a female issue, but male infertility emerged significantly after the Covid-19 pandemic. Hence, assessments are crucial for planning policies on health care and family planning and reasons thereof post vaccinations. The present study was a case-control, dual-centers, prospective study with normal sperm parameters. Semen samples collected by masturbation for idiopathic reasons were conducted at King Abdulaziz University with 133 samples, followed by molecular modeling via interaction between IZUMO1, Alpha2A adrenergic receptor, and Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 protein with IgA antibody produced post vaccination/infection. The infertile males under 30 (21%), 31-40 (50%), 41-50 (24%) and over 50 (5%), with altered sperm motility grades are A (8.45%), B (11.1%), C (15.8%), and D (59.8%) were reported. Liquefaction times range from 36 to 30 minutes by age, with abnormal sperm percentages between 43.85% and 46.33%. Protein molecular interaction between IZUMO1, Alpha2A adrenergic receptor, and Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 protein with IgA antibody shows cumulative length of 25.354 Å, 39.049 Å, and 41.999 Å, respectively, with significant interaction between atoms chain, amino acid, marked variation in bond length. Male infertility peaks at 31-40 years, with lowering in men aged 41-50 years, IgA antibody reduced sperm motility, causing immunogenic infertility exacerbated post-Covid-19 vaccination or infection. Interaction of IgA and various receptors produced stable interactive molecules of IgA and proteins on sperm, affecting motility, aliquefication, and abnormal sperm percentage disturbing the normal dynamics of sperm cells opening a new dimension of infertility among males.

Gallic acid mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced testicular inflammation via regulation of the NF-κB and PK2/PKR1 pathway.

Genital tract infections are common causes of male infertility, and most of diagnosed men are asymptomatic. This study examined the effect of gallic acid (GA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced testicular inflammation. Thirty-two Spraque Dawley, 2.5-3 month-old male rats were separated into four groups (n = 8). Control group; saline at 3ml/kg, and in the GA group; GA was dissolved in saline, by gavage at 100mg/kg for 14 days. LPS group; LPS 5mg/kg as a single dose was given intraperitoneal on the 11th day. LPS + GA group; GA was given for 14 days and LPS 5mg/kg on the 11th day. After 72h of LPS injection, all samples were collected. Semen analysis, biochemical assays, histological evaluations, and immunohistochemical or Western blot analyses for nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and Prokineticin 2/prokineticin receptor 1(PK2/PKR1) pathways were performed. There was a significant decrease in body and testicular weight, sperm parameters, serum testosterone level, mean seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelial thickness, and Johnsen score in the LPS group compared to control and GA groups. However, a significant increase was found in interstitial space width, percentage of abnormal sperm, NF-κB and PK2 immunoreactivities, and expression of PK2 and PKR1 proteins. In the LPS + GA group, GA administration was observed to significantly prevent these adverse effects. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of GA on the NF-κB and PK2/PKR1 pathways not only suppressed the inflammatory response but also restored impaired sperm parameters and testicular structure. These findings indicate GA's potential for treating testicular inflammation and protecting male reproductive health.

Andrological Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Stevia rebaudiana in Male Wistar Rats

This study aimed to investigate the effects of an aqueous leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) on male Wistar rats administered alloxan. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats, comprising six normoglycemic (NC) and twenty-four (24) alloxan-induced diabetic (D) specimens. The diabetic rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): DC, diabetic rats receiving distilled water; DGL, diabetic rats receiving glibenclamide; DSR100, diabetic rats receiving 100 mg/kg bw S. rebaudiana; and DSR200, diabetic rats receiving 200 mg/kg bw S. rebaudiana. Treatment was administered daily via gavage for a duration of 15 days. At the conclusion of the treatment session, the animals were subjected to overnight fasting prior to being euthanized via cervical dislocation, following which blood was collected for serum extraction. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. Furthermore, sperm parameters, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels were assessed. The data indicated a significant (P = .05) reduction in body weight in the DC group compared to the NC group. Significant (P = .05) enhancement in body weight was observed in DSR100 and DSR200 relative to DC. Significant (P = .05) elevations in serum FBG and MDA, accompanied by equivalent reductions in TAC, were noted in DC relative to NC. The total abnormal sperm count and percentage of sperm abnormalities were significantly (P = .05) elevated in DC compared to NC. Nonetheless, FBG, MAD, total abnormal sperm count, and percentage of sperm abnormalities exhibited significant (P = .05) reduction in the DSR100 and DSR200 groups compared to the DC group. The findings of this investigation substantiate the assertion that S. rebaudiana exhibits andrological action in rats.

Alterations Expression of Key RNA Methylation (m6A) Enzymes in Testicular Tissue of Rats with Induced Varicocele.

Epigenetics impacts male fertility and reproductive disorders. RNA modifications, like m6A, influence RNA metabolism. Varicocele contributes to male infertility, and oxidative stress affects sperm function. This study investigates the expression of key RNA modification enzymes in a rat varicocele model, aiming to elucidate the relationship between varicocele, oxidative stress, and fertility. Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into Control, Sham, and Varicocele induction groups. Varicocele was induced in the rats surgically. After 8 weeks, testicular tissues and sperm were collected for analysis, including histopathological assessment and evaluation of sperm parameters, functional tests, and gene expression of key RNA modification enzymes: METTL3 as a writer, ALKBH5 and FTO as erasers, and YTHDF2 as a reader involved in recognizing m6A-modified RNA using qRT-PCR. One-way ANOVAwithpost-hoc Tukey HSDwas used forcomparing tests within groups. Varicocele induction resulted in histological changes in testicular tissues, including irregularly variable-sized seminiferous tubules. Sperm parameters were significantly affected, with lower concentration, motility, and higher percentage of abnormal sperm in the varicocele group. Increased levels of oxidative stress markers (Sperm lipid peroxidation, and intracytoplasmic ROS) and sperm DNA damage were observed, indicating the presence of oxidative stress in varicocele. Moreover, the expression of key enzymes involved in RNA metabolism was downregulated in the varicocele group. These findings highlight the detrimental impact of varicocele on testicular health, sperm quality, and gene expression, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of male infertility associated with varicocele.

PFAS Exposure is Associated with a Lower Spermatic Quality in an Arctic Seabird.

Several studies have reported an increasing occurrence of poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in Arctic wildlife tissues, raising concerns due to their resistance to degradation. While some research has explored PFAS's physiological effects on birds, their impact on reproductive functions, particularly sperm quality, remains underexplored. This study aims to assess (1) potential association between PFAS concentrations in blood and sperm quality in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), focusing on the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, sperm velocity, percentage of sperm motility, and morphology; and (2) examine the association of plasma levels of testosterone, corticosterone, and luteinizing hormone with both PFAS concentrations and sperm quality parameters to assess possible endocrine disrupting pathways. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between the concentration of longer-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA; C11-C14) in blood and the percentage of abnormal sperm in kittiwakes. Additionally, we observed that two other PFAS (i.e., PFOSlin and PFNA), distinct from those associated with sperm abnormalities, were positively correlated with the stress hormone corticosterone. These findings emphasize the potentially harmful substance-specific effects of long-chain PFCAs on seabirds and the need for further research into the impact of pollutants on sperm quality as a potential additional detrimental effect on birds.

Study the Different Antioxidants Effects on Serum Quality in Dogs

Dogs frequently have subfertility linked to poor semen quality (high percentage of morphologically defective spermatozoa, low rate of gradual mobility and total number of sperm .To examine the anti-oxidative effect of various concentratuons of NAC on cryopreservation in dogs sperm.The animals are divided into three groups: C0, C1 and C2. C0 receives the 0mM NAC, C1 receives 0.35mM and C2 receives 0.85mM. The physical characteristics studied of the spêrm include ejaculated volume, semen color, motility of sperms, percentage of dead sperms and abnormal sperms. After physical evaluation, the samples are diluted with Tri’s diluter. The tris diluter is egg-yolk glycerol. The samples are then cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 C) from October to December. A total of 50 samples are calculated and prepared for freezing in the following way:The motility of sperm is high for 0.35mM dose of NAC, and not very different in the control group and 0.85mM NAC group. The motility is significantly different for 0.35NAC as compared to the other two groups. The p-value (< 0.05) shows the significant difference between the motility of 0.35 NAC and other groups. The sperm viability is highest in the 0.35mM NAC group (30.34). The viability of sperm is highest at 0.85mM. The membrane integrity is highest in 0.35mM NAC, while lowest in the control group( p<0.05).In conclusion, dogs sperm cells can be shielded from oxidative stress by using moderate dosages of NAC supplied in Tris extender without negatively affecting dog semen's ability to freeze.

Understanding the impact of valproate on male fertility: insights from preclinical and clinical meta-analysis

BackgroundValproic acid (VPA) is a widely used antiepileptic drug (AED) often prescribed as a first-line treatment for many idiopathic and symptomatic generalized epilepsies. Several studies have highlighted the side effects of VPA on male fertility and reproductive factors in males, although the specific underlying etiology of these abnormalities is not clear. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the preclinical and clinical evidence concerning the impact of VPA on male fertility and reproductive factors.MethodsThe scientific literature was reviewed for eligibility using PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, encompassing preclinical and clinical studies. Factors related to male fertility and reproduction, such as differences in sperm count, sperm motility, and the percentage of abnormal sperm, were compared between the experimental groups treated with VPA (in both preclinical and clinical) and the control groups using the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, differences in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were explicitly assessed in clinical studies.ResultsMale fertility data were extracted from 7 preclinical studies (112 animals) and 5 clinical studies (274 male individuals). The results of animal studies found that the sperm count (SMD = -2.28, 95% CI: -3.39 to -1.18, P = 0.335) and sperm motility (SMD = -2.32, 95% CI: -3.34 to -1.30, P = 0.368) were decreased in the treated groups compared to the control groups. The percentage of abnormal sperm (SMD = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.98 to 4.56, P = 0.019) was significantly increased, while a non-significant reduction was revealed in the weight of the testis (SMD = -2.73, 95% CI: -4.23 to -1.23, P = 0.673) in treated groups. The outcomes of clinical studies indicated a non-significant decrease in sperm count (SMD = -0.78, 95% CI: -1.58 to 0.03, P = 0.286) among patients with epilepsy treated with VPA compared to control subjects. However, a significant reduction in sperm motility (SMD = -1.62, 95% CI: -2.81 to -0.43, P = 0.033 was observed. The percentage of abnormal sperm showed a non-significant increase (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI: -0.97 to 2.84, P = 0.616) after being treated with VPA. Furthermore, there was a non-significant reduction in the levels of FSH (SMD = -1.32, 95% CI: -2.93 to 0.29, P = 0.198) and LH (SMD = -0.96, 95% CI: -1.95 to 0.04, P = 0.211) observed in clinical participants.ConclusionThis meta-analysis of both preclinical and clinical studies revealed that VPA causes a significant reduction in male fertility and reproductive factors among male patients with epilepsy. Clinical neurologists should be more cautious when prescribing VPA, especially to young male adult patients with epilepsy.

Impact of papain on the treatment of raw diluted dromedary semen.

A variety of parameters, including liquefaction and semen viscosity, affect the sperm's ability to travel and reach the egg for fertilization and conception. Given that the details behind the viscosity of the semen in male camels have not yet been fully clarified, the purpose of this study was to ascertain how the addition of papain affected the viscosity of fresh diluted camel semen. The study examined semen samples derived from camels that had distinct viscosities. Sperm motility, viability, abnormal sperm percentage, concentration, viscosity, morphometry, acrosome integrity and liquefaction were among the evaluations following 0, 5, 10, 20 or 30 min of incubation at 37°C with papain (0.004 mg/mL, 0.04 mg/mL or 0.4 mg/mL; a semen sample without papain was used as a control). A statistically significant interaction between the effects of papain concentrations and incubation time was found (F = 41.68, p = .0001). Papain concentrations (p = .0001) and incubation times (p = .0001) both had a statistically significant impact on viscosity, according to a simple main effects analysis. A lower viscosity was found (p < .05) at 0.04 mg/mL (0.1 ± 0.0) after 10 min of incubation. A simple main effects analysis showed that papain concentrations and incubation time have a statistically significant effect on sperm motility (p = .0001). At 0.04 mg/mL papain, the sperm motility % was higher (p < .05) after 10 min (64.4 ± 4.8), 20 min (68.4 ± 6.2), and 30 min incubation (72.2 ± 6.6) compared to 0, 5 min (38.3 ± 4.1 and 51.6 ± 5.0, respectively). In conclusion, the fresh diluted camel semen had the lowest viscosity properties after 10 min of incubation with 0.04 mg/mL papain, without compromising sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity and sperm morphology.

Cryopreservation of bovine semen using extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum

BACKGROUND: Antioxidants minimise oxidative stress and enhance sperm quality in the process of cryopreservation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract as an additive during the post-dilution and post-thaw stages of Murrah buffalo semen cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The semen sample was diluted using Tris-Egg-Yolk-Citric-Acid-Fructose-Glycerol extender and subsequently divided into three groups: Group 1, TEYCAFG without any additives or controls (C); Group 2, TEYCAFG fortified with a 50 μg/mL aqueous extract of cinnamon (T1); and Group 3, TEYCAFG fortified with a 50 μg/mL ethanolic extract of cinnamon (T2). The evaluation included an assessment of progressive motility, live spermatozoa, sperm abnormalities, HOST, CMPT, and enzyme leakage (GOT and GPT) at both the post-dilution and post-thaw stages. RESULTS: The groups that received cinnamon supplementation demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p&lt;0.05) in various parameters, including an increase in the progressive motility, live spermatozoa, and HOS-positive spermatozoa, as well as greater distance traveled by vanguard spermatozoa compared to the control group. Furthermore, the cinnamon-added groups exhibited a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in the percentage of sperm abnormalities and lower enzyme leakage (GOT and GPT) in post-thawed semen. CONCLUSION: Aqueous extract of C. zeylanicum at a concentration of 50 μg/mL provides superior protection of sperm structures and functions as compared to both the ethanolic extract of C. zeylanicum at the same concentration and the control group.

Oral supplementation with Scabiosa artropurperea L. aqueous extract improves the invivo sexual behaviour, sperm quality and androgen level in rams.

The effects of an aqueous extract of Scabiosa atropurpurea L. (AES) on the reproduction potential of Queue Fine de l'Ouest rams were evaluated over 9 weeks. Eighteen mature (4-6 years old) rams (52.8 ± 2.6 kg) were divided into three groups. The control (C) group was fed oat hay adlibitum with 700 g of concentrate and the other two groups were fed the same diet supplemented with AES at 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight (AES1 and AES2, respectively). Ram sperm was collected with an artificial vagina (2 × 2 days/week) to evaluate sperm production and quality, antioxidant activity, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and calcium concentrations. Sexual behaviour and plasma testosterone concentrations were also investigated. The administration of AES improved sexual behaviour (the duration of contact and the number of lateral approaches). The addition of AES also improved individual spermatozoa motility (C: 71.7% ± 6.3%; AES1: 78.3% ± 4.9%; AES2: 83.8% ± 4.4%), the sperm concentration (C: 5.6 ± 0.36; AES1: 6.4 ± 0.81; AES2: 6.7 ± 0.52 × 109 spermatozoa/mL), the ATP ratio (C: 1 ± 0.08; AES1: 2.1 ± 0.08; AES2: 3.3 ± 0.08) and the calcium concentration (C: 5.6 ± 0.24; AES1: 7.7 ± 0.21; AES2: 8.1 ± 0.24 mmol/L). AES treatment decreased the percentage of abnormal sperm (C: 18.5% ± 1.2%; AES1: 16.2% ± 1.1%; AES2: 14.8% ± 0.94%) and DNA damage (C: 62%; AES1: 27%; AES2: 33%) and was associated with elevated seminal fluid antioxidant activity (C: 22 ± 0.27; AES1: 27.1 ± 1.08 and AES2: 27.5 ± 0.36 mmol Trolox equivalents/L) and plasma testosterone (C: 8.3 ± 0.7; AES1: 11.7 ± 0.4; AES2: 15 ± 0.7 ng/L). In conclusion, our study suggests that S. atropurpurea may be potentially useful to enhance libido and sperm production and quality in ram.

Effect of orlistat versus lipo-6 black on the testis of adult obese albino rats: histological and histomorphometric study

Background Obesity is a health problem with increasing incidence. Excess fat is the most common factor that contributes to its pathogenesis. Aim To evaluate the effect of obesity on the testis of male rats and compare the possible ameliorative effect of orlistat versus lipo-6. Materials and methods Fifty-six adult male rats were used. The control group ‘eight rats’ received a standard diet (SD) with no treatment for 90 days. The experimental group ‘48 rats’ received high-fat diet (HFD) for 60 days for obesity induction. Obese rats were subdivided into three groups (each group a and b). IIa received SD and IIb received HFD. IIIa received SD+orlistat and IIIb received HFD+orlistat. IVa received SD+lipo-6. IVb received HFD+lipo 6. The drugs were used for 30 days. Testicular specimens were subjected to histological, histomorphometrical, and immunohistochemical examinations. Data on obesity index, testis weight, abdominal circumference sperm percentage, and histomorphometry were analyzed statistically. Results Subgroups IIIa and IVa showed restoration of the structural integrity of the seminiferous tubules with the normal distribution of collagen fibers. Sections of subgroup IIIa showed negative caspase-3 immunostaining near the control group. Lee obesity index and percentage of abnormal sperm were close to control. Conclusion Orlistat and lipo-6 with diet adjustment reduced the severity of testicular damage induced by obesity.

Rats' testicular toxicity induced by bisphenol A is lessened by crocin via an antiapoptotic mechanism and bumped P-glycoprotein expression

Bisphenol A (BPA) engenders testicular toxicity via hydroxyl free radical genesis in rat striatum and depletion of the endogenous antioxidants in the epididymal sperms. The multi-drug resistance efflux carrier; P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expel the BPA from the testis and is responsible for the testicular protection through the deactivation of numerous xenobiotics. In our study, we investigated whether the BPA-induced testicular toxicity could be circumvented through administration of an antioxidant; crocin (Cr). Implication of P-gp expression was also investigated. Rats administered BPA (10 mg/kg b.w. orally for 14 days), dropped the body weight, testes/body weight ratio, total protein content, testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sperm motility & count, total antioxidant status, glutathione content and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), concomitant with the elevation of the percentage abnormal sperm morphology, as well as testicular lipid peroxides and nitrite/nitrate levels. Histopathological examination showed spermatogenesis disorders after the BPA rats exposure. The immunohistochemical study showed up-regulation of the P-gp as evident by increasing immunoreactivity in interstitial cells, with positive localization in some spermatogonia cells. The BPA-treated rats showed positive immunoreactivity against caspase-3. The co-intake of Cr (200 mg/kg b.w./day, i.p. 14 days) along with the BPA, significantly ameliorated all the mentioned parameters, boosted histopathological image, fell the caspase-3 up-regulation, and perched the P-gp expression. We showed that, Cr promotes P-gp as an approach to nurture the testicles against the BPA toxicity. In conclusion; Cr lessens the oxidative stress conditions to safeguard rats from the BPA-induced testicular toxicity and sex hormones abnormalities, reducing apoptosis and up-regulating P-gp.

Effect of various hesperidin and naringin addition levels on specific sperm indicators and the integrity of their DNA as measured by the comet assay in aged broiler breeder males

In broiler breeder males, the generation of semen decreases with age, and the body produces more free radicals when aging symptoms start to appear. Certain citrus wastes are a potentially sustainable source of high-biological value compounds with antioxidant properties that can enhance the performance of the male reproductive system. Hesperidin and naringin are two examples of these substances. Each treatment was given to the roosters separately, and their impacts on DNA integrity and semen parameters were later investigated using the comet assay. in contrast to the treatment used as the negative control. Most of the sperm characteristics (ejaculate volume, overall sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, percentage of dead sperm, and percentage of abnormal sperm) were significantly and meaningfully improved by the hesperidin and naringin treatment. The percentage of genetic material that remains intact increased in the comet assay in favor of the treatments that also contained naringin and hesperidin. Finally, this study showed that hesperidin and naringin are sustainable substances led to improved semen qualities of elderly broiler breeder males and significantly increased the proportion of genetic material that was intact.

AMELIORATING POST-THAWED SEMEN OF BUFFALO BULLS USING A MILK-BASED EXTENDER SUPPLEMENTED WITH RESVERATROL

The objective of the current study was to investigate the influence of adding resveratrol (Res) to a milk-based extender on some post-thawed semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls for different preservation periods (cooling at 5˚C, 48 h, 1, and 2 months post-cryopreservation; PC). Four bulls, 3.5 to 4 years old, were used from 11th November 2020 to 1st June 2021. Semen samples were collected, pooled, and divided into four groups using different Res concentrations (0, 100, 150, and 200 μM) added to the milk extender. The Res-150 μM group exhibited higher (P≤0.01) plasma membrane, acrosome integrity percentages, and total antioxidants concentration (TAC) compared to the other groups. Sperm abnormalities and DNA damage percentages, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, were lesser (P≤0.01) in the Res-150 μM group. Finally, Res-150 μM added to a milk-based extender increased the percentage of post-thawed live sperm and TAC in seminal plasma and minimized abnormal sperm percentage, DNA damage percentage, and MDA concentration in the seminal plasma of Iraqi buffalo bulls.

Development and validation of a clinical prediction model of fertilization failure during routine IVF cycles.

This study aims to create and validate a clinical model that predict the probability of fertilization failure in routine in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. This study employed a retrospective methodology, gathering data from 1770 couples that used reproductive center's of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University standard IVF fertilization between June 2015 and June 2023. 1062 were in the training set and 708 were in the validation set when it was randomly split into the training set and validation set in a 6:4 ratio. The study employed both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors those influence the failure of traditional in vitro fertilization. Based on the multiple regression model, a predictive model of traditional IVF fertilization failure was created. The calibration and decision curves were used to assess the effectiveness and therapeutic usefulness of this model. The following factors independently predicted the probability of an unsuccessful fertilization: infertility years, basal oestrogen, the rate of mature oocytes, oligoasthenozoospermia, sperm concentration, sperm vitality, percentage of abnormal morphological sperm, and percentage of progressive motility (PR%).The receiver operating characteristic curve's area under the curve (AUC) in the training set is 0.776 (95% CI: 0.740,0.812), while the validation set's AUC is 0.756 (95% CI: 0.708,0.805), indicating a rather high clinical prediction capacity. Our generated nomogram has the ability to forecast the probability of fertilization failure in couples undergoing IVF, hence can assist clinical staff in making informed decisions.

Protective Effect of Curcuminoids Consumption on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Injury in Albino Rats

This study evaluated the protective effects of curcuminoids against cadmium-induced testicular injury in Albino rats. Male albino rats were divided into nine groups, group 1 (control), groups 2-4 received 120 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg, and 360 mg/kg curcuminoids daily for 28 days without testicular injury. Group 5 received 20 mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2) solution every other day for 28 days (positive control), while group 6 received 20mg/kg CdCl2 + 240 mg/kg curcuminoids every other day for 28 days. Group 7 received 20mg/kg CdCl2 every other day for 28 days, then treated with 240 mg/kg for 14 days. Group 8 received 20 mg/kg CdCl2 solution every other day for 28 days, then treated with 240 mg curcuminoids for 28 days. Group 9 received 20 mg/kg CdCl2 solution every other day for 28 days and left to recover 28 days. Serum and seminal plasma malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were assayed using Spectrophotometry technique. Semen analysis was determined microscopically. Sperm motility and count were significantly reduced, acrosome defect and percent abnormal sperm morphology were increased among the positive control group when compared with negative control group (p&lt;0.05). Serum GPX, GSH, and SOD, semen GPx , GSH and SOD were significantly reduced (p&lt;0.001), while MDA was significantly increased (p&lt;0.001) in CdCl2 administered rats than negative control. The supplementation of Curcumins resulted in the improvement of sperm quality indices in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin supplementation may significantly reverse the adverse effects of cadmium chloride testicular injury.

The effect of different concentrations of laminarin on the quality of cryopreserved ram semen

BACKGROUND: Increasingly, sheep breeders are using artificial insemination to produce lambs, so finding methods that preserve ram sperm can be useful. OBJECTIVE: To determine the protective effects of different concentrations of laminarin on ram sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, membrane, and DNA integrity, superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production after freeze-thawing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ejaculates of four rams were collected and stored at 35 °C. Semen samples were diluted with a tris-base extender containing 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL of laminarin and a control extender containing no laminarin, then frozen in liquid nitrogen after 4 h in the refrigerator. RESULTS: In the treatment of frozen-thawed spermatozoa with 800 μg/mL laminarin, motility, viability, membrane integrity, and DNA integrity were significantly higher than in the control. In spermatozoa that were exposed to 800 μg/mL laminarin after thawing, MDA production was significantly lower than in the control group. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa in 800 μg/mL laminarin was significantly lower than that in the control. CONCLUSION: The addition of 800 μg/mL laminarin to the freezing extender increases motility, viability, SOD activity, and plasma membrane integrity, while reducing abnormality and MDA production in freeze-thawed ram semen.

Impact of seaweed on growth performance, sperm quality and testicular histomorphology of ram

Sperm quality is critical for male fertility, which is largely dependent on testicular development; however, nutrition is critical for optimal growth, gonadal development, and reproductive functions. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Gracilaria parvispora, a red seaweed on growth performance, testicular physiology, and semen quality in ram. Fifteen indigenous rams, weighing 10-11 kg and aged 12-13 months, were randomly allocated into three groups. One group was considered as control and supplied with German grass and concentrate mixture (control diet). The other two groups were provided with control diet plus seaweed mixture either at 7 g/d or 14 g/d. The starting body weight, scrotal circumferences and semen quality of rams were similar for all groups. However, post-treatment, both the seaweed-treated groups showed significantly higher body weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, and increased scrotal circumference and testicular dimensions, compared to control group. Moreover, the semen parameters, including sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, mass motility and progressive motility were observed to be significantly increased, while decreasing abnormal sperm percentage in the seaweed-treated group. Furthermore, DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities, and in vitro fertilization rate were significantly increased in seaweed treated groups. Additionally, the testicular histology of seaweed treated groups revealed a thinner tunica albuginea with expanded seminiferous tubules containing higher number of spermatogenic cells inside. These findings suggested that seaweed G. parvispora could be a valuable dietary supplement for enhancing the growth and reproductive performance of ram.

Effect of Aqueous extract of Moringa Olivera leaves( AEMOL) on some characteristics of ram epididymal sperms under cooling conditions

The current study was conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory at the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, for the period from December 3, 2022 to March 9, 2023, to determine the effect of an aqueous extract of Moringa leaves on some characteristics of epididymal sperm of rams under cooling conditions for different periods. The aqueous extract of Moringa leaves was prepared and stored in the refrigerator ( 5 °C) until the time of use, the testicles were transferred to the laboratory less than an hour after the slaughter of the animal, the caudal epididymis was diluted with a Tris extender containing 0.03 concentration of aqueous extract of moringa olivera leaves.The results of this study showed a significant increase (P&lt;0.01) in the percentage of live sperm, individual motility, and the plasma membrane integrity, while the adding of AEMOL leads to a decreasing of the percentage of abnormal sperms. Increasing the cooling hours of sperm leads to a significant decrease in the percentage of live sperm, individual motility, testing the integrity of the plasma membrane with an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm. Using the aqueous extract of Moringa leaves at different times led to a significant effect on the individual motility, percentage of the plasma membrane integrity represented by the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) , While the treatment did not significantly affect the percentage of live sperm and abnormal sperm. According to the results of this study we conclude that the aqueous extract of Moringa Oleifera leaves improves the characteristics of rams epididymal sperms preserved under cooling conditions for different periods

Evaluating the effects of quinestrol on the reproductive organs of the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) for use in the rat control

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to determine whether the synthetic estrogen quinestrol has antifertility effects on male and female Nile rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Both male and female rats were orally administered quinestrol dissolved in castor oil at a dosage of 1 mg/kg for seven days. In contrast, male and female control rats were given castor oil alone. The use of this dosage of quinestrol resulted in a decrease in the weight of reproductive organs in both sexes, as well as a decrease in sperm count and motility and an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm. Various histopathological alterations were observed in the testicular, epididymal, and ovarian tissues. Significant reductions in immunohistochemical markers such as androgen receptor protein (AR) and Wilm’s tumor nuclear protein 1 (Wt-1) were observed in treated male rats. These results indicate that quinestrol induces infertility in both males and females of the Nile rats. Therefore, it is recommended for use in integrated pest management campaigns targeting these serious vertebrate pests.