Switching Ability Research Articles

Insight into Virulence and Mechanisms of Amphotericin B Resistance in the Candida haemulonii Complex.

The Candida haemulonii complex includes emerging opportunistic human fungal pathogens with documented multidrug-resistance profiles. It comprises Candida haemulonii sensu stricto, Candida haemulonii var. vulnera, Candida duobushaemulonii, Candida pseudohaemulonii, and Candida vulturna. In recent years, rates of clinical isolation of strains from this complex have increased in multiple countries, including China, Malaysia, and Brazil. Biofilm formation, hydrolytic enzymes, surface interaction properties, phenotype switching and cell aggregation abilities, extracellular vesicles production, stress response, and immune evasion help these fungi to infect the host and exert pathological effects. Multidrug resistance profiles also enhance the threat they pose; they exhibit low susceptibility to echinocandins and azoles and an intrinsic resistance to amphotericin B (AMB), the first fungal-specific antibiotic. AMB is commonly employed in antifungal treatments, and it acts via several known mechanisms. Given the propensity of clinical Candida species to initiate bloodstream infections, clarifying how C. haemulonii resists AMB is of critical clinical importance. This review outlines our present understanding of the C. haemulonii complex's virulence factors, the mechanisms of action of AMB, and the mechanisms underlying AMB resistance.

An improved CB-DPWM strategy with NP voltage balance and switching loss reduction for 3-L NPC converter

Abstract The three-level (3-L) neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter has found widespread applications in various fields, due to its simple structure, low failure rate and high efficiency. However, the 3-L NPC converter suffers the issue of unbalanced neutral-point (NP) voltage due to the divided two dc-side capacitors. The large NP voltage ripple and offset Based on the detailed analysis of the effects of vectors and clamping patterns on the NP voltage, a discontinuous optimized modulation method for NPC grid-connected inverter with both low switching loss and ability to balance NP voltage is presented. By measuring NP voltage and utilizing the property that superfluous clamping patterns have opposing effects on the NP voltage, the modulation method adjusts the NP voltage with the injection of various zero sequence voltages (ZSV) into the original sinusoidal waves. The results of this study demonstrate that the CB-DPWM can control the NP voltage balanced and decrease switching loss compared to conventional DPWM and SVPWM strategies. Moreover, the CB-DPWM strategy does not need to identify sectors and subsectors or calculate dwelling times. This modulation strategy effectively suppresses low-frequency fluctuations and deviations of the NP voltage with the injection of a simple ZSV, and improves the power quality of the output voltages and currents. Compared to the traditional SVPWM scheme, the suggested CB-DPWM has a 27 % lower overall IGBT loss. Moreover, this method is implemented through carrier waves, which is simpler than modulation schemes based on space vector, greatly shortens the program running time, and is conducive to engineering implementation.

Structure factor design of a liquid crystal beam steering device for augmented reality applications

The applications of AR and VR devices have been increasingly important in our daily life. There are some disadvantages remaining to be improved for real time application. In this paper, we demonstrated the design of an experiment based on the Taguchi method targeting a beam steering liquid crystal device possessing a 6 degree steering angle with fast switching (>60Hz) ability for viewing angle expansion in AR/VR devices. The approach of the best structure design was suggested from the recall table that concluded the optical phenomenon was affected by the selected parameters from simulation. The resulting design rule was a tape-out design to prepare the pattern ITO glass. The beam steering device was assembled according to the suggested cell gap. The device evaluation showed a 6.1 degree steering angle as predicted. The response time was measured as 10.5 ms, which is able to be driven well above 60 Hz.

Surface engineering of Al2O3 dielectric layer for all-sputtered-oxide transparent and flexible a-IGZO thin film transistor

Transparent flexible display devices have attracted massive attention in recent years owing to their practical applications that can be compatibly adapted to human demand and technological development. Worldwide researchers have studied flexible transparent thin film transistors (TFTs) to qualify them for the backplane component of future transparent and flexible displays. Simplifying the fabrication process of a TFT can be considered a critical need for reducing consumed cost, time, toxic chemicals. In this study, sputtering was utilized as a major fabrication method for manufacturing a transparent oxide TFT device, which demonstrated good mechanical flexibility. A simple surface treatment process was applied to enhance the susceptibility of the sputtered Al2O3 dielectric through multiple coatings of solution processed Al2O3. It is noteworthy that the transparent oxide TFT device exhibits a high optical transparency of 81.12% and good electrical switchability at low operating voltage (3 V) with a decent mobility of 4.37 cm2 V−1 s−1 and proven mechanical durability.

Longitudinal relations among temperament, cognitive control, and anxiety: From toddlerhood to late adolescence.

Children with a history of behaviorally inhibited (BI) temperament face a heightened risk for anxiety disorders and often use control strategies that are less planful. Although these relations have been observed concurrently in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence, few studies leverage longitudinal data to examine long-term prospective relations between cognitive control and anxiety. Using longitudinal data from 149 adolescents (55% female; from predominantly White middle-class families), we assessed temperament in toddlerhood and cognitive control and anxiety at 4, 12, 15, and 18 years of age. At age 4, separate measures of task switching and inhibitory control were obtained via the Dimensional Change Card Sort and Stroop tasks, respectively. At 12, 15, and 18 years of age, planful control was assessed with the AX-Continuous Performance Test, and anxiety symptoms were assessed via self-report. Growth curve models revealed that children with greater inhibitory control at age 4, regardless of BI status, experienced a sharper increase in anxiety symptoms across adolescence. Children with heightened BI during early childhood displayed lower levels of planful control at age 12, but experienced a more rapid improvement in these skills across adolescence. Children with greater task switching ability at age 4 displayed higher levels of planful control at age 12, but experienced a smaller increase in these skills across adolescence. Finally, children's growth rate for anxiety was unrelated to their growth rate for planful control. These findings reveal that early-life temperament, cognitive control, and anxiety remain interconnected across development, from toddlerhood to at least late adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Feasibility of continuous switching 3D printing on surimi

Continuous switching 3D printing that allows multiple materials printed in a single nozzle was introduced to verify its applicability to the food system, which aims to improve the switching ability and manufacturing precision of multi-material 3D printed food. By integrating a self-developed 3D printing platform with logical adjustments of extrusion pressure and 3D motion, the feasible continuous switching of surimi was achieved. Moreover, employing a dual-channel continuous switching extrusion nozzle, the study elucidated the influence of surimi rheological properties on the interface behavior between pastes during extrusion. Through the analysis of fluid dynamics behavior of channel flow and utilization of simulation technology, a channel extension solution was formulated. Extending the length of the non-extrusion channel to 15 mm effectively prevented intrusion over 4 mm at an extrusion speed of 40 mm/s. This study managed to repetitively switch between two kinds of surimi pastes within a 2 mm unit length. Meanwhile, three types of 3D printing modes were established based on the control of Gcode, and the corresponding model offset correction enabled precise deposition of 2 mm × 1 mm units. The research also succeeded in 3D printing complex structures, such as meat-fat structure of beef based on surimi.

Chaotropic Ions Mediated Polymer Gelation for Thermal Management.

Energy and environmental issues have increasingly garnered significant attention for sustainable development. Flexible and shape-stable phase change materials display great potential in regulation of environmental temperature for energy saving and human comfort. Here, inspired by the water absorption behavior of salt-tolerant animals and plants in salinity environment and the Hofmeister theory, highly stable phase change salogels (PCSGs) are fabricated through in situ polymerization of hydrophilic monomers in molten salt hydrates, which can serve multiple functions including thermal management patches, smart windows, and ice blocking coatings. The gelation principles of the polymer in high ion concentration solution are explored through the density functional theory simulation and verified the feasibility of four types of salt hydrates. The high concentration chaotropic ions strongly interacted with polymer chains and promoted the gelation at low polymer concentrations which derive highly-stable and ultra-moisturizing PCSGs with high latent heat (> 200 J g-1). The synergistic adhesion and transparency switching abilities accompanied with phase transition enable their smart thermal management. The study resolves the melting leakage and thermal cycling stability of salt hydrates, and open an avenue to fabricate flexible PCM of low cost, high latent heat, and long-term durability for energy-saving, ice-blocking, and thermal management.

3D scattering-enabled vectorial holographic projection with a binary amplitude hologram

Empowered by wavefront shaping (WFS) techniques, scattering materials (SMs) hold significant potential in high-capacity, high-fidelity, and crosstalk-free 3D holographic projections. Here, we present an optimal accumulation algorithm (OAA) to generate binary amplitude holograms that enable simultaneous control of 3D intensity and polarization distributions through SMs. In particular, OAA is efficient for creating binary holograms since only addition and comparison operations are required. Using such a binary hologram, we demonstrate complete polarization control on four planes simultaneously, and an average degree of polarization over 95% is achieved. Moreover, a 3D holographic projection of polarization-multiplexed images on multiple planes is also presented with an average Pearson correlation coefficient over 0.80. By exploiting the rapid switching ability of a digital micromirror device, we further demonstrate dynamic 3D vectorial holographic projections with reconfigurable binary amplitude holograms. Our proposed approach offers a competitive way to generate holograms for 3D scattering-enabled vectorial holographic projections.

Polyvinyl alcohol-encapsulated cerium oxide nanospheres composite nanofiber membrane for enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial applications☆

Cerium oxide (CeO2) has attracted much attention in recent years owing to its reversible switch ability in Ce3+/Ce4+ redox to produce improved antioxidation properties for biomedical applications. Here, we report to embed the CeO2 nanospheres into the organic polymer network using electrostatic spinning technology to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-encapsulated CeO2 nanospheres composite nanofibrous membranes (PVA-CeO2) for the first time, which is beneficial to improving the dispersion and biocompatibility of CeO2 nanosphere without altering the original antioxidant properties of CeO2. Detailed characterization of the as-prepared composite nanofibrous membranes reveals that CeO2 was successfully introduced into the PVA fibers with strong interactions, thus enhancing the thermal stability and fracture toughness of the nanofibers. As a result, PVA-CeO2 exhibits superior UV shielding performance, antioxidant performance and bacteriostatic performance. Meaningfully, PVA-CeO2 has strong absorbance in both UVA and UVB bands when the CeO2 concentration in the nanofiber membrane reaches 1.5 wt%, and shows an excellent scavenging effect on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with a scavenging rate of 86.52%. Moreover, the Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method of agar diffusion test further confirms that PVA-CeO2 has antimicrobial ability against three types of representative strains, including Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and fungi (Candida albicans). Importantly, no obvious cytotoxicity is observed for PVA-CeO2 even though the amount of embedded CeO2 nanosphere reaches as high as 1.5 wt%. This study reveals new avenues for improving the future smart design of CeO2-based nanofiber membrane composite materials for biological antioxidants.

Modulation of wetting state switching of droplets on superhydrophobic microstructured surfaces by external electric field

HypothesisElectrowetting on conventional dielectrics requires direct fluid-electrode contact to generate strong electric fields at the three-phase contact line to modulate the wetting. Since the electric field alters wetting, the modulation of wetting can be achieved by applying an external electric field through insulated electrodes, preventing the liquid from contacting the electrodes. ExperimentA simple and efficient method for non-contact between the fluid and the electrode external electric field modulation of fluid wetting was proposed. The switching ability of droplets on microgroove surfaces from Cassie-Baxter to Wenzel wetting state under an external electric field was used to drive and quantify the relationship between wetting, contact angle, and the applied voltage. FindingsApplying an external electric field modulates the wetting of deionized water, ionic liquids, and high-viscosity liquids on microgrooves. The wetting degree of liquid can be controlled by adjusting the external voltage parameters. The finite element simulations revealed that the Maxwell force drove this process. The effects of substrate size and liquid properties on wetting behavior were also examined. Post-application cross-sectional imaging showed the formation of a conformal interface, highlighting the relevance of the proposed method in advanced adaptive shape fabrication and microfluidic control, among other applications.

The effects of language switching experience and acute stress on bilingual advantages in cognitive flexibility

Aims: This study aimed to investigate how bilingual advantages in cognitive flexibility were modulated by language-use parameters (e.g., language switching experience) and psychological factors (e.g., acute stress). Design/methodology: Chinese-English unbalanced bilinguals with a high or low amount of language switching experience (HLS or LLS bilinguals) performed a cued color-shape switching task in stress-free condition (Experiment 1) or in acute stress condition induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (Experiment 2). Switching and mixing costs were calculated to denote two aspects of cognitive flexibility: transient and sustained switching abilities, respectively. Data and analysis: Differences in switching and mixing costs between HLS and LLS bilinguals were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The predictive relationship between language switching experience and cognitive flexibility was examined using hierarchical regression models. The role of acute stress in the dynamics was tested by means of independent samples t-tests in a cross-analysis of Experiments 1 and 2. Findings/conclusions: HLS and LLS bilinguals showed similar switching and mixing costs in the stress-free condition, but in the acute stress condition, HLS bilinguals showed lower switching costs than LLS bilinguals. The result of cross-experimental analysis further revealed that higher switching costs were demanded in LLS bilinguals under acute stress. These findings suggest that language switching experience specifically influences transient switching ability under acute stress. Originality: This study was a first attempt to provide evidence that psychological stress may be a crucial determinant in exploring the theoretical implications of cognitive control in bilingualism. Significance: Our findings suggest that bilingual advantages in cognitive flexibility are conditional, shedding light on the ongoing debate about the ambiguous relationship between language experience and cognitive control in bilinguals.

Characterization of the small Arabidopsis thaliana GTPase and ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 protein TITAN 5.

Small GTPases function by conformational switching ability between GDP- and GTP-bound states in rapid cell signaling events. The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family is involved in vesicle trafficking. Though evolutionarily well conserved, little is known about ARF and ARF-like GTPases in plants. Here, we characterized biochemical properties and cellular localization of the essential small ARF-like GTPase TITAN 5/HALLIMASCH/ARL2/ARLC1 (hereafter termed TTN5) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Two TTN5 variants were included in the study with point mutations at conserved residues, suspected to be functional for nucleotide exchange and GTP hydrolysis, TTN5T30N and TTN5Q70L. We found that TTN5 had a very rapid intrinsic nucleotide exchange capacity with a conserved nucleotide switching mechanism. TTN5 acted as a non-classical small GTPase with a remarkably low GTP hydrolysis activity, suggesting it is likely present in GTP-loaded active form in the cell. We analyzed signals from yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged TTN5 and from in situ immunolocalization of hemagglutine-tagged HA3-TTN5 in Arabidopsis seedlings and in a transient expression system. Together with colocalization using endomembrane markers and pharmacological treatments the microscopic analysis suggests that TTN5 can be present at the plasma membrane and dynamically associated with membranes of vesicles, Golgi stacks and multivesicular bodies. While the TTN5Q70L variant showed similar GTPase activities and localization behavior as wild-type TTN5, the TTN5T30N mutant differed in some aspects. Hence, the unusual capacity of rapid nucleotide exchange activity of TTN5 is linked with cell membrane dynamics, likely associated with vesicle transport pathways in the endomembrane system.

Experimental combustion characteristics and NOx emissions for a 600‐MWe utility boiler after the retrofitted: Effects of load variation

AbstractTo enhance the rapid switching ability of the boiler load and reduce NOx emissions, a new combustion system was implemented in a 600‐MWe wall‐fired boiler with swirl burners. This system included two levels of overfire air (OFA) and low NOx combustion technology. Industrial tests were conducted at 300‐, 450‐, and 600‐MWe loads before and after the retrofitted. These tests included measuring flue gas and furnace temperatures with thermocouples and analyzing local gas concentrations using a gas analyzer. The research results indicate that under conditions where the OFA ratio exceeds 30%, the burner exhibits good ignition performance at different loads. At the 600‐MWe load, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were reduced by 55% compared to before the retrofit. After the retrofit, the flame center inside the furnace of different loads was located at the height of 33.36 m, the first and second‐stage cooling water quantities were slightly higher, the reheat cooling water quantity was greatly reduced after the retrofit, and contributes to the boiler's safe operation. Under different load conditions after the retrofit, the gas temperature near the sidewall was below 850°C, and the O2 concentration near the sidewall was above 5%, effectively suppressing sidewall high‐temperature corrosion and slagging.

Design of a broadband multifunctional switchable absorber/reflector based on active frequency selective surfaces

Metamaterial absorbers are candidates for stealth systems due to their excellent wave modulation capabilities. With the rapid development of radar detection technology, the switching ability of metamaterial absorbers is becoming more demanding. A broadband multifunctional switchable absorber/reflector based on active frequency selective surfaces (AFSS) is presented in this paper. The proposed structure comprises an absorbing layer, a switching layer, and a ground with air spacers sandwiched between each layer. The PIN diodes can realize significant broadband conditioning performance between absorption and reflection functions by switching four operating states: ‘00’, ‘01’, ‘10’, and ‘11’. The bias network of this structure features horizontal and vertical configurations that independently coordinate the two polarization directions. It is worth noting that the bias network of the designed structure is very simple to minimize the impact on the structure. Distributions of surface current, an equivalent circuit model, and structural parameters are analyzed for a better professional insight into the working mechanism of the absorber/reflector. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and measured to verify the simulation.

Bayesian modelling disentangles language versus executive control disruption in stroke.

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Incurred brain damage can disrupt cognition, often with persisting deficits in language and executive capacities. Yet, despite their clinical relevance, the commonalities and differences between language versus executive control impairments remain under-specified. To fill this gap, we tailored a Bayesian hierarchical modelling solution in a largest-of-its-kind cohort (1080 patients with stroke) to deconvolve language and executive control with respect to the stroke topology. Cognitive function was assessed with a rich neuropsychological test battery including global cognitive function (tested with the Mini-Mental State Exam), language (assessed with a picture naming task), executive speech function (tested with verbal fluency tasks), executive control functions (Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Coding Task), visuospatial functioning (Rey Complex Figure), as well as verbal learning and memory function (Soul Verbal Learning). Bayesian modelling predicted interindividual differences in eight cognitive outcome scores three months after stroke based on specific tissue lesion topologies. A multivariate factor analysis extracted four distinct cognitive factors that distinguish left- and right-hemispheric contributions to ischaemic tissue lesions. These factors were labelled according to the neuropsychological tests that had the strongest factor loadings: One factor delineated language and general cognitive performance and was mainly associated with damage to left-hemispheric brain regions in the frontal and temporal cortex. A factor for executive control summarized mental flexibility, task switching and visual-constructional abilities. This factor was strongly related to right-hemispheric brain damage of posterior regions in the occipital cortex. The interplay of language and executive control was reflected in two distinct factors that were labelled as executive speech functions and verbal memory. Impairments on both factors were mainly linked to left-hemispheric lesions. These findings shed light onto the causal implications of hemispheric specialization for cognition; and make steps towards subgroup-specific treatment protocols after stroke.

Urease stabilization in urea–urease–H+ system and its influence on the clock reaction dynamics

AbstractThe inherent autocatalytic kinetics of the urea–urease–H+ system positions it as a promising candidate for the design of dynamic materials with time‐domain programmable functions. Nevertheless, the stability of the enzyme can markedly influence the temporal evolution dynamics of the system and curtail its widespread applicability. This work employs several kinds of enzyme stabilization methods, including chemical cross‐linking, physical coating, solvent stabilization, and solvent‐physical coating co‐modification, to systematically explore the impact of enzyme stabilization on clock reaction dynamics. Extensive experimental tests and analysis indicate that solvent and chemical cross‐linking stabilization methods can better preserve clock dynamics with sensitive switching ability. Nevertheless, due to significant pH changes in the reacting system, the reusability of the enzyme is better retained in the physical coating and solvent‐physical coating co‐modification methods.

Exploration of electrode-modulated memory and threshold switching behaviour in Se-Te-Sn thin film devices

Due to their potential use in high-density, three-dimensional stackable cross-point array structures, the electrical switching ability of chalcogenide glasses has captured a lot of attention. Herein, the switching behaviour of unique Se86-xTe14Snx (x = 0, 2, 4, 6) chalcogenide glassy alloys in the form of a thin film were investigated. The electrode modulated dual functionality in switching was achieved by employing Aluminium (Al) and Silver (Ag), as top electrodes. The films with Al/Se86-xTe14Snx/Al interface exhibited memory-type switching due to the phase-changing properties of the material. The threshold voltage (Vth) decreased linearly from 12.75 V to 4.2 V at room temperature as Sn concentration in the glass increased. On the other hand, when the top electrode was replaced with Ag, the Ag/Se86-xTe14Snx/Al interface acted as a programmable metallization cell (PMC) showing threshold-switching properties. Ag/Se82Te14Sn4/Al thin film of thickness 200 nm showed promising results as a material for a unidirectional selector, due to the formation of temporary Ag filament inside chalcogenide material. The composition showed high selectivity (∼104), high endurance (>104 cycles), and low threshold voltage (∼1.6 V). The ability of the composition to exhibit electrode-dependent memory and threshold-switching phenomena makes the material an interesting case.

Benefits of free language choice in bilingual individuals with aphasia

ABSTRACT Background Forced switching between languages poses demands on control abilities, which may be difficult to meet for bilinguals with aphasia. Freely choosing languages has been shown to increase naming efficiency in healthy bilinguals, and lexical accessibility was found to be a predictor for language choice. The overlap between bilingual language switching and other types of switching is yet unclear. Aims This study aimed to examine the benefits of free language choice for bilinguals with aphasia and to investigate the overlap of between- and within-language switching abilities. Methods & Procedures Seventeen bilinguals with aphasia completed a questionnaire and four web-based picture naming tasks: single-language naming in the first and second language separately; voluntary switching between languages; cued and predictable switching between languages; cued and predictable switching between phrase types in the first language. Accuracy and naming latencies were analysed using (generalised) linear mixed-effects models. Outcomes & Results The results showed higher accuracy and faster naming for the voluntary switching condition compared to single-language naming and cued switching. Both voluntary and cued language switching yielded switch costs, and voluntary switch costs were larger. Ease of lexical access was a reliable predictor for voluntary language choice. We obtained no statistical evidence for differences or associations between switch costs in between- and within-language switching. Conclusions Several results point to benefits of voluntary language switching for bilinguals with aphasia. Freely mixing languages improved naming accuracy and speed, and ease of lexical access affected language choice. There was no statistical evidence for overlap of between- and within-language switching abilities. This study highlights the benefits of free language choice for bilinguals with aphasia.

A redox switch allows binding of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in the cyanobacterial iron-binding protein FutA from Prochlorococcus

The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is a main contributor to global photosynthesis, whilst being limited by iron availability. Cyanobacterial genomes generally encode two different types of FutA iron-binding proteins: periplasmic FutA2 ABC transporter subunits bind Fe(III), while cytosolic FutA1 binds Fe(II). Owing to their small size and their economized genome Prochlorococcus ecotypes typically possess a single futA gene. How the encoded FutA protein might bind different Fe oxidation states was previously unknown. Here, we use structural biology techniques at room temperature to probe the dynamic behavior of FutA. Neutron diffraction confirmed four negatively charged tyrosinates, that together with a neutral water molecule coordinate iron in trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Positioning of the positively charged Arg103 side chain in the second coordination shell yields an overall charge-neutral Fe(III) binding state in structures determined by neutron diffraction and serial femtosecond crystallography. Conventional rotation X-ray crystallography using a home source revealed X-ray-induced photoreduction of the iron center with observation of the Fe(II) binding state; here, an additional positioning of the Arg203 side chain in the second coordination shell maintained an overall charge neutral Fe(II) binding site. Dose series using serial synchrotron crystallography and an XFEL X-ray pump-probe approach capture the transition between Fe(III) and Fe(II) states, revealing how Arg203 operates as a switch to accommodate the different iron oxidation states. This switching ability of the Prochlorococcus FutA protein may reflect ecological adaptation by genome streamlining and loss of specialized FutA proteins.

Modeling of inner-outer gates and temperature dependent gate-induced drain leakage current of junctionless double-gate-all-around FET

In this paper, the temperature-dependent gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current model is proposed with the help of a lateral electric field (EL) across the inner and outer gate interfaces of the junctionless double-gate-all-around (JL-DGAA) field-effect transistor (FET). The EL at the interface is obtained from the surface potential equation after solving the 3D Poisson equation with appropriate boundary conditions. The derived model is validated using the well-calibrated TCAD simulator platform with experimental data. A higher GIDL current at the outer gate-channel interface is observed compared to the inner gate-channel interface in the OFF-state conditions due to the high EL between the channel and drain, which is reported for the first time here. The effect of temperature (from 200 K to 500 K) on the GIDL current is also observed, which increases linearly with increasing temperature. Further, the impact of induced mechanical stress (MS) is investigated on the GIDL current, where the GIDL current increases exponentially with increasing induced MS due to effective mass and band gap reduction. Finally, the dynamic performance is investigated in terms of the gate delay time as a function of channel length and temperature. The gate delay diminishes with decreasing channel length and increasing temperature, which shows the switching speed and ability of the device.