5th Experimental Group Research Articles

Effect of active yeast on productive traits of chicken-livers

The results of the studying of active yeasts Saccharomy cescerevisiae influence on the egg-laying capacity and morphological characteristics of the hens "NOVOgen brown" breed eggs are presented. 250 laying hens were divided into five groups of 50 birds. In scientific and economic experiment laying hens of experimental groups were fed with combined feed containing active yeast in the amount of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08% instead of a similar amount of soybean meal. The feeding of experimental hens was carried out twice a day with complete combined feed. The poultry was kept in triple- deck cages. During the study period, which continued 180 days, all groups received complete combined feed mainly from cereal. The results of the determination of the chemical composition of active yeast showed that they contain raw protein 46.77% by Kjeldahl method and 41.64% by Barstein method, non-protein nitrogen − 5.13%, raw fat − 2.96%. As a result of the research it was found that the level of exchange energy in 1 kg of active yeast Saccharomy cescerevisiae was 362.9 MJ/kg. The amino acid composition of active yeasts was characterized by the advantage of nonessential amino acids such as glutamic acid (14.5 %), aspartic acid (8.09%) and essential amino acid as leucine (9.2 %), lysine (8.9 %), phenylalanine (8.63%), isoleucine 5.6 %), threonine (5.5%) and serine (5.3 %). The high level of glutamic acid in the yeast improves the taste of the feed, which resulted in increased appetite and better in taking of the feed. Thus, during the entire period of scientific and economic experiment the egg-laying capacity of hens of experimental groups in relation to the control group increased: in the 2nd group by 3.69%; in the 3d group by 4.26%, in the 4th group by 6.63% and in the 5th group by 5.21%, and more eggs were received in the experimental groups from both the primary and the average laying hen. Despite the fact that in the 5th experimental group where hens received Saccharomy cescerevisiae in the amount of 0.08 % in the combined feed, the productivity of the poultry was slightly lower, but the egg mass, the yolk mass, the Haugh unit and the energy value were higher by 1.1; 11.6 (P<0.001); 1.9 (P<0.001) and 6.6 % (P<0.001) respectively. This is related to the best using of amino acids from this feed supplement. Key words: chickens, compound feed, amino acid composition of Saccharomy cescerevisiae, productivity.

STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE LIVER IN RATS WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF ACQUIRED AND CONGENITAL IODINE DEFICIENCY

The age and gender characteristics of the metabolic syndrome and hypothyroidism development, as well as the differences between the hormonal balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, changes in the lipid profile of blood under conditions of thyroid dysfunction, are known. A dangerous manifestation of metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance and obesity) is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The purpose of the study: to establish in the experiment the structural features of the liver of rats with IP in the background of acquired and congenital iodine deficiency, taking into account sexual dimorphism. The studies were conducted on non-linear, sexually mature rats (males and females) weighing 150-180 g, which were divided into six experimental groups (20 males and 20 females each). The IP animals were modeled by adding 10% fructose solution to drinking water for 8 weeks (2nd, 5th and 6th experimental groups). Animals of 3-6th experimental groups received iodine deficient diet, in particular, 4th and 6th - were on the second generation diet, 3rd and 5th - during the 45 days of the experiment. In rats with insulin resistance, there was revealed the development of regenerative processes in the cell, in particular, in the nucleus, which is indicated by an increase of the nuclear-cytoplasmic index and the presence of binuclear hepatocytes. Вut the intensity of the regenerative process is low (the decrease of the ratio of the nucleus area to the hepatocyte nucleus is determined). Sexual dimorphism is in the presence of foci of the fatty dystrophy of hepatocytes and the pronounced zonal character of hepatocyte dystrophic processes in females compared with males, whose dystrophy is more diffuse in nature. Aggravated the development of structural changes in the liver, iodine deficiency, in particular, congenital. Hepatobiliary risk under the conditions of the IR on the background of iodine deprivation is higher in females.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИ НА МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКУЮ СТРУКТУРУ ЛОШАДЕЙ БУДЕННОВСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ

Budenny horse breed was obtained as a result of the crossing of Don and local Black Sea mares with Thoroughbred stallions during 1920-1920. To improve the athletic qualities of Budenny horses Thoroughbred stallions are regularly used in breeding, which inevitably affects the breeding qualities of the received offspring. The task of the research was to study the genetic features of the polymorphism of microsatellite loci in Budennny horses, taking into account the origin and Thoroughbred horses’ blood propotion. Tested on 17 loci of microsatellites, horse DNA of the Budenny breed (n = 155) were subdivided into 5 groups, taking into account the type of selection and the proportion of blood. In the 5th experimental group horses with unregistered ancestors in the pedigree from the “Pobeda” farm were included. A comparative genetic-population analysis of different groups of horses was performed on a number of indices, including the level of polymorphism (Ae), the observed (Ho) and the expected (He) heterozygosity, as well as Wright's F-statistics indices using Microsoft Excel 2010. As a result of testing 127 alleles of STR loci were identified in Budenny breed that evidences a sufficient reserve of genetic diversity. The number of alleles in the studied loci varied from 3 to 13, the most polymorphic ones were the ASB17 (13), VHL20 (9) ANT4 (9) and LEX3 (9) loci. Horses of the all 5 groups differed both in the spectrum of alleles and in the degree of heterozygosity. The highest level of the main parameters (MNA, Ae, Ho and He) had horses of a consolidated origin and Thoroughbred blood proportion at the level of 5/8. The practiced crossing with Thoroughbred stallions led to an increase in the proportion of blood and the decrease in Ae polymorphism level from 3.803 to 3.588, the degree of heterozygosity lowed from 0.737 to 0.703. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicate that the four groups of Budenny horses form a common cluster, in the center of which are horses with a consolidated origin. Microsatellite markers used to control the origin of horses can be additionally used for genetic control of breeding processes in populations and breeds of horses.

Effect of thyme extract on fertility and survival of ISA F-15 broilers

The paper highlights the research conducted in order to assess the effect of different doses of thyme extract on the productive properties and livability of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted at a broiler poultry farm with a closed production cycle; the experiment assumed the control group and 5 experimental groups where each group contained 37 broilers at floor housing. The broilers of the 1st experimental group were fed with the extract of medicinal plant thyme dosed 2 mg/kg; broilers of the 2nd group received thyme extract dosed 4 mg/kg; 3rd group of broilers – 6 mg/kg, 4th group -8 mg/kg, and the dosage of the thyme extract was 10 mg/kg for broilers in the 5th experimental group. The authors controlled the live weight of broilers in each group by means of individual weighing every 7 days. Using this data the researchers calculated average daily body weight gain, absolute and relative gain; feed consumption was daily calculated. Feed consumption became the basis for calculating feed costs per a kilo of live weight gain. The authors recorded the number of daily fallen chickens. The data on poultry loss was the basis for calculating poultry livability. In order to assess production efficiency, the European productivity index was calculated. The research results indicate the efficiency of thyme extract application in different doses when feeding the broiler. Application of thyme extract in feeding meat poultry allowed to increase productive properties of broilers from experimental groups from 2.3 to 4.7%, reduce feed costs per a kilo by 1.1-8.1%, increase poultry livability on 2.7-8.1% and increase the European productivity index in the experimental groups on 0.2 21.3%.

Effect of aquacitrate of micro elements on indices of nonspecific resistance and cellular immunity in chicken broilers

The article presents data on the influence of the complex of micro elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn) in the form of aquacitrate on the indices of non-specific and cellular immunity in chicken broilers. The poultry received a fodder, balanced by nutrients, according to its type, age and productivity. Control group of chickens were added standard mineral premix (SP) from inorganic compounds of bioelements. Broilers of experimental groups were given water with a complex mineral additive of aquacitrates. In particular, the chickens of the first experimental group – in the amount corresponding to their content in the standard premix (SP), and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – in the amount equal to 3/4, 1/2, 1/4 and 1/10 of the content of mineral elements in the standard premix. It was found that bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum (BASB and LASB) were the highest in broiler chickens of the third and fourth experimental groups and exceeded the control values by 5.7 and 5.3%, respectively. In the bird of the second and fifth groups, the studied indicators were closer to the ones in control. However, in the chickens of the group D1, giving them the highest studied dose of aquacitrate of micor elements, the values of BASB and LASB tended to decrease. Concerning the level of CIC in serum, it was the highest in the chickens of the second, third and fourth groups, the lowest in the group D1. A similar pattern is also characteristic for phagocytic activity of pseudoiesinophils (PhA). The bite of half and even the quaternary amount of citrates of micro elements, compared with the amount of bioelements in inorganic form, provided an increase, compared to control, of PhA. At such a dose of micro elements in the nanoform in the blood of broilers, the number of T-total and T-active lymphocytes increased, including T-heeler cells and decreased the relative number of T-suppressors. The bird of the first experimental group was characterized by a decrease in the percentage of T-heeler against the background of a slight increase of T-suppressors. Thus, the results of studies of indices of nonspecific and cellular immunity suggest that micor elements in the nanodisperse form, due to better bioavailability and high bioactivity, have a positive effect on the formation and development of the immune system in broiler chickens at a dose corresponding to 25 and 50%, from recommended quantity of biometals in the standard premix.

Екологічні аспекти обміну Мангану у високопродуктивних корів у перші 100 днів лактації за згодовування їм змішанолігандних комплексів Цинку, Мангану і Кобальту

<p><span lang="EN-US">To realize the genetic potential of animals, an important role should be taken to prevent the presence of mineral substances in the rations. Because of their lack of revenue in the body of animals the productivity is decreased, the reproductive function is disturbed, there is a disease. there are diseases.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-US">Material for the scientific and economic experiment on the use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt on the milk productivity of high-yielding cows and the exchange of Mangan in their body were Holstein animals, Ukrainian Black- Spotted dairy and Ukrainian Red - Spotted dairy breeds. The trace elements were introduced into feed concentrates, and they into the fodder mix by the method of weight dosing and multi-stage mixing. Balancing of rations of highly productive cows of the 1st control group to norm only Selenium, Kuprum and Iodine, led to a concentration in 1 kg DM (dry matter) of feed mix, mg: Zinc – 32.4; Manganese – 27.8; Cobalt – 0.27; Selenium – 0.3; Copper – 12 and Iodine – 1.1 and the lowest concentration of Mangan in milk and in the body. The cows of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were fed with all the trace elements to the norm (for the 2nd experimental group at the expense of zinc sulfates, manganese, cobalt, copper, selenium, Suplex of Selenium and potassium iodide, for the 3rd instead of zinc sulfates, manganese and mixed cobalt compounds were introduced into their ligand complexes). The concentration of trace elements in these groups in 1 kg of DM was, mg: Zinc – 76; Manganese – 76; Cobalt – 0,97; Copper – 12; Selenium – 0.3 and Iodine – 1.1. The concentration of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt in 1 kg of DM of fodder was reduced by 20% for cows of the 4th experimental group and by 30% for the 5th experimental group.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-US">The results of the conducted searches indicate that the use in feeding of high-yielding cows of various doses of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese, and Cobalt on the use of Suplex of Selenium and sulfate copper and potassium iodide in the first 100- days lactation positively affect the growth of their milk production. Animals of experimental groups dominated cows of analogues of the control group, rations of which were scarce on Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt, by average daily yield of natural milk, respectively, by 4.5; 5.8 and 4.0 kg, or 11.63: 14.99 and 10.34%, and these differences were reliable. While the average daily milk yield of cows of the 2nd experimental group exceeded the average daily yield of the 1st control group by 3.8 kg or by 9.82%. In milk of experimental cows, a single increase in the fat content of 0.01–0.09% was also noted. </span></p><p><span lang="EN-US">Carrying out balance research confirmed the data of milk productivity. Thus, in the body of cows of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups, more Manganese were deposited, respectively by: 540.7; 531.5, and 394.5 mg compared to control and by 367.1, 357.9, and 220.9 mg – in comparison with the 2nd experimental group; in experimental cows of groups 4 and 5, the manganese was deposited less by 9.2 and 146.2 mg in comparison with the 3rd experimental group. With milk in cows of the 1st control group during the day was allocated 20.8 mg of Manganese, and in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups it was allocated more, respectively by 6.7, 9.8, 15.4, and 10.6 mg. Manganese fecal excretion was less in comparison with the 2nd experimental group, in the cows of the 3rd experimental group it was less by 365.9 mg, in the 4<sup>th</sup> group – by 623.3 mg, and in the 5<sup>th</sup> group – by 691.4 mg.</span></p><p><span lang="EN-US">The use of mixed ligand complexes of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt enhances the milk productivity of high-yielding cows, reduces their need for these elements, improves their digestion and reduces their excretion with feces.</span></p>

Вплив змішанолігандного комплексу кобальту на його обмін у організмі високопродуктивних корів

<p>In the scientific and economic research we investigated the influence different levels of mixed ligand complex of Cobalt on milk productivity and its exchange in the organism of highly productive cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breed in combination with sulfates: Zinc 650 g/t, potassium 38 g/t, sodium selenite 1.8 g/t. For cows of the 1st control group, we administrated 8.9 g/t of cobalt sulfate, 2nd group – 9.7 g/t of mixed ligand complex of cobalt, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups respectively, were fed into rations, g/t: 7.3; 4.9, and 2.4. As a result, the cows of the 1st control group and the 2nd experimental group the deficit in Cobalt was eliminated 100 % to the current norm, and for cows of the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups - 75, 50 and 25 %.<br />The conducted researches have proved that the highest average daily milk yield of natural fat had cows of the 3rd experimental group, which consumed mixed fodder in the composition of mixed ligand complex of Cobalt in the amount of 75 % by concentration of the metal, which prevailed the analogues of the control group for this indicator, respectively, by 4.4 kg (р≤0.01), or by 9.7%. Cows of the 2nd, 4th and 5th experimental groups according to the average daily milk fat content of the natural fat were dominated by analogues of control, respectively, by 2.1 kg or 4.8 %; 3.2 kg or 7.1% (p≤0.05); and 1.3 kg, or 2.9 %. During the experiment, fat content of milk of cows of the 3rd experimental group exceeded fat content of milk of control group of cows by 0.03%, and in terms of milk, the 4% fat content milk yield was 3649.7 kg, which is 10.8 % (p≤0.01) higher yields of experimental cows in the control group. As for the content of protein in milk, there was no significant difference between the groups in this indicator. The use of sulfuric acid Cobalt in accordance with the recommended norm in the diet of experimental cows resulted in its positive balance in the body at 4.87 mg per head per day. And in the cows of the 2-5th experimental groups who ate this trace in the form of a mixed ligand complex the balance was, respectively, 8.19 % (p≤0.01), 10.07 (p≤0.01), 8.89 (p≤0.01), and 8.05 (p≤0.01).</p>

The Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic Allium sativum Extract on Sexual Hormones in Mature Male Rats Under Chemotherapy With Cyclophosphamide

Background:: Cyclophosphamide is an anticancer drug, which is used in chemotherapy. It causes alkylation of the DNA molecule. It is absorbed well by gastrointestinal tract and distributed extensively throughout the tissues and liquids of body. It also passes through the blood–brain barrier. It is turned into the active metabolites in liver and eventually excreted through the kidneys. Objectives:: In this study the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) on the side effects of this medicine has been studied. Materials and Methods:: In this experimental study, the control group did not receive any kind of solvent or medicine, the sham group received solvent; the experimental groups I, II and III received 5 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide and 200, 400, 800 g/kg of hydro alcoholic garlic extracts each day. Fourth experimental group received 5 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide each day and the 5th experimental group received 800 g/kg of hydro alcoholic garlic extracts have been feed to animals and cyclophosphamide is used as injection in peritoneum during the 28 days of experimenting. Results:: The statistical evaluations on the amount of testosterone hormone serum in experimental groups I and IV shows meaningful changes at P ≤ 0.05 in reference to control group, and in experimental groups II and III a meaningful increase in reference to experimental group IV. The amount of FSH hormone also shows a meaningful increase in experimental groups I, II, III and V in reference to control groups and in experimental groups I, II, III, in reference to experimental group IV. The amount of LH hormone also shows a meaningful reduction in experimental group IV in reference to control group and in experimental group IV. Conclusions:: It seems that compounds in the garlic controls the side destructive effects of cyclophosphamide and its metabolites and reduces the side effects of this medicine.

Different levels of mixed-ligande complexes of zinc, manganese and cobalt in feeding highly productive cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed the first lactation period

Purpose. To study the effectiveness of feeding different levels of mixed-ligande complex of zinc, manganese and cobalt with Suplex Se to high-yielding cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed in the first period of lactation and their impact on feed consumption, productivity and hematological parameters of blood. Methods. Five groups (one control and four experimental) of highly productive cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed, 10 heads each, were selected for the research at «Terezyne» farm, Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region, on the principle of analogues. Experimental cows were fed the same rations. For cows of the control group the optimal dose of a mixed-ligande complex of Zinc, Manganese and Cobalt was used, which was established in a previous experiment with concentration in 1 kg of dry matter (DM) of feed, mg: zinc – 60.8; manganese – 60.8 and cobalt – 0.78. In the 2nd experimental group, concentration of those trace elements was higher compared to the control by 10%, and in the 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups, respectively, 10, 20 and 30% lower. Results. The best results in terms of milk productivity were obtained from cows of the 4th experimental group. For 80 days of the experiment from cows of the 1st control group 3080 kg of milk of natural fat content was obtained, and of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups – respectively 48, 112, 200 and 136 kg, or by 1.6; 3.6; 6.5 and 4.4% more. Lower doses of micronutrients meet the needs of highly productive cows in them, which has a positive effect on the reproductive functions of animals. The most effective was the dose for the cows of the 4th experimental group, where duration of the service period was 78.6 days against 91.9 days in the 1st control group, and one fertile insemination in this group took 1.8 times at 3.1 times in control. Analysis of hematological parameters of the experimental cows shows that different levels of mixed-ligande complexes of zinc, manganese and cobalt in concentrated feeds have a positive effect on the body and health of lactating cows. Conclusions. The best results of milk productivity and reproductive function were obtained from cows of the 4th experimental group, where concentration of zinc, manganese and cobalt due to their mixed-ligande complexes in 1 kg of DM feed was, mg: zinc – 42.6; manganese – 42.6; cobalt – 0.55. This dose of trace elements had a positive effect on the consumption of animal feed, their unit cost and hematological parameters of cows' blood.

Influence of feeding of mixed-ligande complexes of zinc, manganese and cobalt on cow productivity, feed digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in the last period of lactation

Purpose. To study of the effectiveness of feeding high-yielding cows in the last 100 days of lactation of different levels and sources of zinc, manganese and cobalt and establish their impact on milk productivity, feed digestibility and nitrogen balance. Methods. Five groups of highly productive cows (one control and four experimental) of Holstein, Ukrainian red-spotted and Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breeds were selected for the experiment at “Terezyne” farm, Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region. Experimental cows were fed the same rations. The difference was in different doses of mixed ligand complexes of trace elements in the premix. The control was the optimal dose of mixed-ligand complexes of zinc, manganese and cobalt, which was established in a previous experiment with a concentration of 1 kg of dry matter (DM) of feed, mg: zinc – 50, manganese – 50 and cobalt – 0.78. Results. It was found that the use of different doses of mixed ligand complexes of zinc, manganese and cobalt using Suplex selenium and copper sulfate and potassium iodide in feeding cows in the last 100 days of lactation have differently affected their milk productivity. If 2320 kg of milk was milked from each cow of the control group during this period, then from cows of the 2nd-5th experimental groups – 40-220 kg more. The difference in the average daily milk yield of 4% fat was 0.5-2.67 kg and it was significant (P <0.001). The results of the balance experiment show that the animals of the experimental groups better digested feed nutrients and absorbed nitrogen. Thus, in cows of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th experimental groups nitrogen was deposited in the body respectively by 2.1, 4.1, 7.3 and 12.8 g more, and it was statistically significant (P <0,05) compared with animals of the control group. Conclusions. The use of mixed ligand complexes of zinc, manganese and cobalt helps to increase milk productivity of cows, reduce feed consumption per 1 kg of product and reduces the need of animals for these elements. The best performance results were obtained in the 4th experimental group, the animals of which were fed with a feed mixture containing 1 kg of DM, mg: zinc – 35; manganese – 35; cobalt – 0.4; selenium – 0.3; copper – 9 and iodine – 0.8.