5G IoT Research Articles

Ultra-Low Power Wake-up Radio for 5G IoT

5G Internet of Things (5G IoT), which is currently under development by 3GPP, paves the way for connecting diverse categories of devices to the IoT via cellular networks. For battery-powered low-cost IoT devices, wake-up radio (WuR) appears as an eminent technique for prolonging the lifetime of such devices, thanks to its outstanding energy consumption performance. However, only some small-size battery-powered IoT devices are able to transmit to a cellular IoT base station (BS) directly. In this article, we present W2B-IoT, a prototype implementation of a WuR-based twotier system, which bridges cellular IoT BS and WuR via a Bluetooth low energy (BLE)-enabled Android smartphone. Such a WuR-enabled IoT device features a current consumption of merely 390 nA and a response time of 95 ms for decoding a wake-up call.

UAV Network and IoT in the Sky for Future Smart Cities

The paradigm of smart cities links the industry of telecommunications directly to sustainable economic growth and high quality of life. To meet this trend, this article develops a 5G IoT network with UAVs for future smart city architecture. We particularly emphasize IoT in the sky in a bid to unify the global world via heterogeneous smart devices through 3D connectivity. In our design, UAVs form a 5G hierarchical IoT network in the sky by connecting to a number of base stations on the ground. Simulation results reveal that the leader UAV has a significant impact on the performance of the whole system, and the proposed approach has an obvious advantage over the existing ones.

Design and Simulation of Separate Broadcast Control Architecture of Satellite Delay Tolerant Network for Mass Sensors

Satellite IoT, a combination of satellite and the IoT, will promote the unattended operation and intelligent control of systems and equipment, and provide communication support for the management of everything ubiquitously.Many countries value the research and construction of satellite IoT, for it has broad market prospects. Yet there are problems of excessive delay and bandwidth limitation in the satellite IoT. Therefore, this paper will study the satellite-tolerant network separation broadcast control architecture for mass sensors. Firstly, it analyzes the development situation and challenges of satellite IoT under the new generation of communication, summarizes the development of 5G satellites and IoT, and comprehensively analyzes the component of satellite IoT, based on which it proposes a satellite delay network separation and broadcast control method for massive sensors. Based on the software-defined network, the satellite IoT architecture was innovated, and the dynamic layered protocol and interaction process of the satellite IoT was designed. Through OPNET simulation, the architecture of this paper is improved in terms of resource utilization efficiency and latency.

Healthcare Management using ICT and IoT based 5G

In healthcare management, all patients need to be looked after properly with the latest technology. Although treatment facilities of healthcare management are available wirelessly, many treatments are still pending and delayed because the number of patients is increasing. In this research, 2 problems are focused on they are the availability of treatment facilities and an efficient way of handling healthcare administration records. In healthcare management, e_Health applications focus on medical treatment and administration. However, these applications depend on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems. Using IoT based 5G and the latest technologies, this research provides an efficient method to solve these problems. In this method, ICT based on 5G networks and IoT based 5G are the major components which include efficient management protocols for treating the patients and elders through the appropriate e_Health applications. Although some patients and older adults visit healthcare homes or hospitals regularly, they never become satisfied people because they always expect better services. Some healthcare management treats these people as customers and maintains customer relationship. Improving the accuracy and quality of healthcare services and customers’ satisfaction depends on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) through evolving technologies. As results, ICT based on RFID and other latest technologies enhances the quality of e_Health application and healthcare services with the satisfaction of CRM values. Despite the profits and benefits, these enhancements are the conclusions of the healthcare service and management.

Crowdsourcing Analysis in 5G IoT: Cybersecurity Threats and Mitigation

Crowdsourcing can be a powerful weapon against cyberattacks in 5G networks. In this paper we analyse this idea in detail, starting with the use cases in crowdsourcing focused on security, and highlighting those areas of a 5G ecosystem where crowdsourcing could be used to mitigate local and remote attacks, as well as to discourage criminal activities and cybercriminal behaviour. We pay particular attention to the capillary network, where an infinite number of IoT objects coexist. The analysis considers the different participants in a 5G IoT ecosystem.

Computation Offloading for Multi-Access Mobile Edge Computing in Ultra-Dense Networks

The ultra-dense network (UDN) is envisioned to be an enabling and highly promising technology to enhance spatial multiplexing and network capacity in future 5G networks. Moreover, to address the conflict between computation-intensive applications and resource-constrained IoT mobile devices (MDs), multi-access mobile edge computing (MA-MEC), which provides the IoT MDs with cloud capabilities at the edge of radio access networks, has been proposed. UDN and MA-MEC are regarded as two distinct but complementary enabling technologies for 5G IoT applications. Over the past several years, lots of research on mobile edge computation offloading (MECO) -- the key technique in MA-MEC -- has emerged. However, it is noticed that all these works focused on the single-tier base station scenario and computation offloading between the MD and the MEC server connected to the macro base station, and few works can be found on the problem of computation offloading for MA-MEC in UDN (i.e., a multi-user ultra-dense MEC server scenario). Toward this end, we study in this article the MECO problem in UDN and propose a heuristic greedy offloading scheme as our solution. Extensive numerical results and comparisons demonstrate the necessity for and superior performance of conducting computation offloading over multiple MEC servers.

Energizing 5G: Near- and Far-Field Wireless Energy and Data Trantransfer as an Enabling Technology for the 5G IoT

We are surrounded in our daily lives by a multitude of small, relatively inexpensive computing devices, many equipped with communication and sensing features. From these has evolved the concept of pervasive intelligence [1], [2], a basis from we can envision our future world as an Internet of Things/Internet of Everything (IoT/IoE), in terms of both a consumer IoT/IoE (interconnected devices within an individual's environment) and the Industrial IoT (interconnectedness to improve business-to-business services, mainly through machineto-machine interactions) [3].

Beyond 5G Vision for IOLITE Community

Connecting a massive number of sensors and actuators with energy and transmission constraints is only possible by providing a reliable connection despite the increase in data traffic due to the Internet of Things, and by guaranteeing a maximum end-to-end delay for applications with real-time constraints. Next generation network architectures need to satisfy these two requirements while connecting IoT sources producing data at massive scales to cloud resources that provide the capability to process and store this data. For this reason, realization of IoT in next generation cellular networks faces the problem of delivering cloud services over the network to things that are placed anywhere. In this study, we explain how the technologies envisioned for next generation networks can respond to the challenge of realizing IoT over a use case prepared for the IoT smart home platform called IOLITE. We start by discussing capacity requirements and focus on network densification as a promising solution method. The challenges of network densification can be overcome by integrating the technological enablers such as SDN, C-RAN, SON, and mobile edge computing. For this reason, we provide a thorough survey on the state of the art in integrating these enablers for a flexible network architecture at all network segments. Finally, we discuss how the needs of the IOLITE community use case scenario can be satisfied by implementing a service- centric abstraction layer on top of a flexible infrastructure for beyond 5G IoT applications.

Energy Efficiency Analysis of ICN Assisted 5G IoT System

Other than separately investing the energy efficiency (EE) merits of information-centric networking’s (ICN’s) caching and sharing (CS) mechanism in wireless communications, here we comprehensively compare the EE performances of ICN’s CS mechanism in different scenarios. A modified system model is first proposed while introducing the CS mechanism into the in-network router, base station (BS), and neighboring user sides. Afterwards, the system achievable sum rate as well as the power consumptions in wireless and wired sections is investigated. The EE performances of different scenarios are finally obtained by dividing the achievable sum rate by the consumed power. While comparing the three scenarios, numerical results demonstrate that the optimal place to cache the content is mainly determined by the distance and hub number of the core routers that passed.

One Integrated Energy Efficiency Proposal for 5G IoT Communications

To further enhance the energy efficiency (EE) performance of fifth generation (5G) Internet of Things systems, an integrated structure is proposed in this paper. That is, other than prior studies that separately study the wireless and wired parts, the wireless and wired parts are holistically combined together to comprehensively optimize the EE of the whole system. The integrated system structure is introduced beforehand with the proposed unified control center components for better deployment of the select-and-sleep mechanism. In addition, in the wireless part, one cellular partition zooming (CPZ) mechanism is proposed. In contrast, in the wired part, a precaching mechanism is introduced. With these proposals, the proposed system EE performance is investigated. Comprehensive computer-based simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes display better EE performance. This is due to the fact that system power consumption is further reduced with these schemes as compared to the prior work.