3D Surface Roughness Research Articles

Effectiveness of ceramics chair-side polishing – 2D and 3D roughness evaluation

Objectives: Considering the need for intraoral polishing of zirconia restorations, this in vitro study aimed to 1) evaluate the 2D and 3D surface roughness of different types of ceramic after their finishing and polishing and 2) compare three polishing techniques using three different polishing kits. Methods: Seventy-two specimens were obtained from two types of 3Y-TZP zirconia. After sintering, a layer of a glass-based fluorapatite veneering ceramic was applied over 24 specimens of one of the zirconia ceramics. Thus, three ceramic surfaces were set: Prettau Anterior, Prettau Zirconia, and IPS e.max Ceram. The specimens were polished with a universal or specific polishing kit (n=12). After polishing, the specimens were analyzed using white-light interferometry. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used (α=0.05). Results: The polishing kit used did not significantly (p=0.514) affect the surface roughness of Prettau Anterior. Regarding Prettau Zirconia, the zirconia-specific polishing kit allowed a higher Sa and Ra than the universal kit (p=0.004 and p<0.001). Regarding glass-based ceram- ic, the specific kit led to a higher Ra (p<0.001), but no significant results were found in 3D. Conclusions: The universal polishing set showed the best results for Prettau Zirconia and glass-based ceramic, but no differences were found for Prettau Anterior.

Investigation in µ-WEDM of Inconel 625 superalloy using RSM-CCD technique

ABSTRACT Micro wire electric discharge machining (µ-WEDM) has received immense attention due to the tight tolerance requirements of biomedical components and downsizing of sensors. The investigation reports the impact of wire material in machining Inconel 625 superalloy. The quality of machined surface is studied in terms of surface roughness (SR) and erosion rate (ER) by varying the µ-WEDM variables like servo voltage (SV), pulse start time (Tstart), angle of cut (AC), pulse stop time (Tstop) and current (IC). Two different wire electrodes of diameter 150 µm (brass and zinc-coated brass) are used in the study. Machining trials are executed by using central composite design (CCD). Further modeling of responses is carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Desirability Analysis (DA) to predict the optimal machining parameters. The zinc-coated brass wire (Wzb) outperforms the plain brass wire (Wb) in terms of machining rate. Servo voltage is identified as a crucial and noteworthy parameter affecting the responses. The SR is decreased by 28.13% at the highest value of SV (70 V), while the ER rose by 41.36% at the minimal value of SV (50 V). The topography of machined surfaces is analyzed using SEM and 3D surface roughness images.

Designation of minimum measurement area for the evaluation of 3D surface texture

In 3D surface roughness measurement, the size of the evaluation area is not standardized. In this paper a method for minimizing the evaluated area is detailed. The aim of this study is reducing the time spent on measurements in industrial applications. Hard turning and grinding experiments were carried out for hardened surfaces to demonstrate the method based on Design of Experiment by varying cutting data. Basic statistical calculations were applied to analyze the relationship between the area size and the parameter values and normality analysis was applied to extend the results. The main finding is that minimum evaluation areas can be designated for many parameters, but this designation is not yet clear for all of the analyzed roughness parameters and technological data combinations.

Surface quality and morphology of NiTiCuZr shape memory alloy machined using thermal-energy processes: an examination of comparative topography

Adding alloying elements like copper (Cu) and zirconium (Zr) to binary NiTi shape memory alloys (NiTiCuZr SMA) raises the martensitic transition temperatures and functional fatigue properties while maintaining high corrosion and wear resistance. Therefore, it is essential to make high-precision SMA components with less damage to be machined into various complex shapes, sizes, and surface topographies to meet the needs of several engineering applications. In this research work, advanced machining processes like wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) and fiber laser machining were employed to machine NiTiCuZr SMA and study their processing parameters’ effects on the surface roughness, topography changes, and surface hardness. 3D surface topography and surface roughness on the machined surfaces were evaluated through contact and non-contact measurement techniques. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test was conducted on the NiTiCuZr SMA before and after machining to confirm changes in the shape memory properties. When both processes were used at high energy levels, the formation of the resolidified layer and surface defects were more pronounced, increasing surface roughness. DSC curves for heating and cooling profiles show similar transformation temperatures for WEDM and laser machined NiTiCuZr SMA. On comparing two different machining processes, the WEDM process resulted in the Ra (μm) being 28.2% lower, the surface topography was smooth, and the microhardness was 11.9% lower than the samples machined using laser machining. This shows that machining of NiTiCuZr SMA using WEDM gives a better surface finish, reaching a fair decision that WEDM is a better alternative to laser machining.

Comparison of Correlation between 3D Surface Roughness and Laser Speckle Pattern for Experimental Setup Using He-Ne as Laser Source and Laser Pointer as Laser Source.

Correlation between 3D surface roughness and characteristic features extracted from laser speckle pattern was done using an inexpensive laser pointer and a digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera in previous research work. There had been no comparison work done between the experimental setup which uses a laser pointer, which has a diode laser as the laser source, and the experimental setup, which uses a He-Ne laser as the laser source. As such, in the current work, a comparison study between two experimental setups was carried out. One experimental setup was using a He-Ne laser, spatial filter, and charged coupled device (CCD) camera, while another experimental setup was using a laser pointer and DSLR camera. The laser beam was illuminated at angles of 30°, 45°, and 60° from the horizontal. When a laser beam falls on the surface, the beam gets scattered, and the scattered beam undergoes interference and produces speckle patterns which are captured using a camera. Using a Matlab program, the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) characteristic features, such as contrast (GLCM), correlation (GLCM), energy (GLCM), entropy (GLCM), homogeneity (GLCM), and maximum probability, and non-GLCM characteristic features, such as mean, standard deviation (STD), uniformity, entropy, normalized R, and white-to-black ratio (W/B), were extracted and correlated with 3D surface roughness parameters. The coefficient of determination (R2) was determined for each case. Compared to the setup using a laser pointer, the setup using a He-Ne laser gave better results. In the setup using the He-Ne laser, there were correlations with a coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 0.7 at illumination angles of 30°, 45°, and 60°, whereas in the setup using a laser pointer, there were correlations with R2 ≥ 0.7 at illumination angles of 30° and 45°. Mean characteristic features had more correlations with R2 ≥ 0.7 in the case of the angle of illumination of 45° (7 out of 36 correlations) and 60° (11 out of 82 correlations), while R-normalized characteristic features had more correlations with R2 ≥ 0.7 in the case of the angle of illumination of 30° (9 out of 38 correlations) for the setup using the He-Ne laser. Correlation (GLCM) had more correlations with R2 ≥ 0.7 in the case of the setup using a laser pointer (2 out of 2 correlations for illumination angle of 30°, and 4 out of 19 correlations for an illumination angle of 45°). Roughness parameters Sa and Sq had more correlations with R2 ≥ 0.7 for an illumination angle of 30° (1 out of 2 correlations each), and Sp and Sz had more correlations with R2 ≥ 0.7 for an illumination angle of 45° (4 out of 19 correlations each) in the case of the setup using a laser pointer. The novelty of this work is (1) being a correlation study between 3D surface roughness and speckle pattern using a He-Ne laser and spatial filter, and (2) being a comparison study between two experimental setups on the correlation between 3D surface roughness and speckle pattern.

Experimental Study on the Manufacturing of Steel Inclined Walls by Directed Energy Deposition Based on Dimensional and 3D Surface Roughness Measurements.

Robotic-directed energy deposition has attracted the attention of the research community and industry as a process capable of producing large metallic parts. The selection of the manufacturing conditions is a critical step in improving the process efficiency and quality of the produced parts. The present work aims at analyzing the geometry and surface topography of walls built using several conditions and inclination angles, without additional supports except for the substrate. The walls were made of AWS A5.18. ER70S-6 steel using the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process. The study used both dimensional and 3D topography measurements to analyze the results. As findings, the travel speed played an important role in the size of the cross-section due to the heat input to the welding zone. Heat accumulation was a critical factor in the size and accuracy of the beads. Moreover, intermediate cooling provided structures with more uniform dimensions, smaller width, and higher layer growth. The inclination of the pieces influenced the width and uniformity of the beads, generating minor imperfections on the downside of the pieces because of gravity.

Stress profile and crack evolution in a three-dimensional (3D) thermal barrier coatings during isothermal cyclic test

In a furnace cyclic test, the growth of TGO severely affects crack propagation near the interface and the coating failure. To fully understand the failure mechanism of thermal barrier coating (TBC), a three-dimensional (3D) TBC cracking model is developed. The surface morphology of bond coat (BC) is approximated using two 3D geometric surface (waviness and roughness). Dynamic growth behavior of crack during thermal cycling is evaluated by the extended finite element method (XFEM). The effects of location, size, and number of initial ceramic crack on the coating failure are also discussed. The results show that the interaction between thermal cycling and TGO growth intensifies the stress amplitude in the ceramic layer. In the TGO growth model involving all element swelling, the ceramic crack is more likely to extend in the early stage of oxidation. Compared with the waviness interface, the ratchet increase rate of stress in the roughness interface model is greater. Both large and small cracks above the valley can propagate to the interface. Only large-size cracks above the peak can grow under the shear fracture mode. The propagation of one crack can inhibit the further growth of nearby crack. The failure mechanism of 3D TBC induced by TGO growth under an isothermal cycling is revealed. The results in this work can provide important theoretical guidance for the development of TBC with higher cracking-resistant.

Research, Modelling and Prediction of the Influence of Technological Parameters on the Selected 3D Roughness Parameters, as Well as Temperature, Shape and Geometry of Chips in Milling AZ91D Alloy.

The main purpose of the study was to define the machining conditions that ensure the best quality of the machined surface, low chip temperature in the cutting zone and favourable geometric features of chips when using monolithic two-teeth cutters made of HSS Co steel by PRECITOOL. As the subject of the research, samples with a predetermined geometry, made of AZ91D alloy, were selected. The rough milling process was performed on a DMU 65 MonoBlock vertical milling centre. The machinability of AZ91D magnesium alloy was analysed by determining machinability indices such as: 3D roughness parameters, chip temperature, chip shape and geometry. An increase in the feed per tooth fz and depth of cut ap parameters in most cases resulted in an increase in the values of the 3D surface roughness parameters. Increasing the analysed machining parameters did not significantly increase the instantaneous chip temperature. Chip ignition was not observed for the current cutting conditions. The conducted research proved that for the adopted conditions of machining, the chip temperature did not exceed the auto-ignition temperature. Modelling of cause-and-effect relationships between the variable technological parameters of machining fz and ap and the temperature in the cutting zone T, the spatial geometric structure of the 3D surface “Sa” and kurtosis “Sku” was performed with the use of artificial neural network modelling. During the simulation, MLP and RBF networks, various functions of neuron activation and various learning algorithms were used. The analysis of the obtained modelling results and the selection of the most appropriate network were performed on the basis of the quality of the learning and validation, as well as learning and validation error indices. It was shown that in the case of the analysed 3D roughness parameters (Sa and Sku), a better result was obtained for the MLP network, and in the case of maximum temperature, for the RBF network.

Investigations on the formability, tensile properties, TEM, 3D-surface roughness and corrosion behaviour on Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheets during single point and multi point incremental forming process

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study formability, tensile properties, dislocation density and surface roughness of incrementally deformed Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheets during single-point incremental forming (SPIF) and multi-point incremental forming (MPIF) process. The development of corrosion pits in 3.5% NaCl solution has also been studied during SPIF and MPIF processes.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the formability, tensile properties, dislocation density, surface roughness and corrosion behaviour of deformed Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheets were studied. A potentio-dynamic polarization (PDP) study was conducted to study the corrosion behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples during SPIF and MPIF processes and the results were also compared with base material (BM) in 3.5% NaCl solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were carried out to study the corrosion morphology and dislocation densities of deformed samples.FindingsThe deformed Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheets obtained higher plastic deformation, high tensile strength, good surface roughness and good corrosion resistance during MPIF process when compared with SPIF process.Research limitations/implicationsIt has been concluded that the maximum strain and good corrosion resistance have been achieved with MPIF process, which in turn increases the plastic deformation as compared with BM.Practical implicationsThis study discussed the formability, tensile properties, surface roughness and corrosion behaviour of deformed Ti–6Al –4V alloy sheets during incremental sheet forming (ISF) process.Social implicationsThis study is useful in the field of medical, industrial and automobile applications.Originality/valueThe Ti–6Al–4V alloy is deformed using MPIF process, achieving better formability, tensile strength, good surface roughness and corrosion rate, and the same is evidenced in forming limit diagrams (FLDs) and PDP curves.

Surface Topographic Features after Milling of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg Aluminum Alloy.

The article presents selected issues related to material quality manufactured by selective laser sintering of AlSi10Mg alloy powder after milling. The workpiece was prepared and machined by down-milling and up-milling with tools made of high-speed steel. Breaches, pores and failure-like cracks on the machined surface were found, which negatively influenced the values of 3D surface roughness parameters. The occurring phenomena were analyzed and proposals for their explanation were made. The results of this research describe the effect of cutting parameters (the feed rate of f = 0.013–0.05 mm/tooth) on the values of parameters describing the surface quality and benchmarks. Topography measurements and 3D surface roughness parameters are presented, as well as the results of microscopic surface analysis. It was found that for aluminum alloy produced by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method, the recommended machining method is down-milling.

Effect of Effervescent Denture Cleansers on 3D Surface Roughness of Conventional Heat Polymerized, Subtractively, and Additively Manufactured Denture Base Resins: An In Vitro Study.

To compare the change in surface roughness of denture bases fabricated using three different techniques (additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing, and conventional heat-polymerizing) when immersed in two commonly available denture cleansers. One hundred and seventeen disc-shaped denture base specimens (39/group), were fabricated by subtractive manufacturing (Wieland), additive manufacturing (NextDent Denture 3D+), and conventional heat-polymerizing (Meliodent) techniques, following the manufacturers' instructions. Specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups and immersed in two effervescent denture cleansing solutions and distilled water to simulate 180 days of denture cleansing. A 3D optical noncontact surface profilometer was used to record the surface roughness of the tested denture base materials before and after immersion. Two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test, was used to assess the effects of denture cleansers on surface roughness of tested denture base resins. When immersed in Fixodent and Fittydent effervescent denture cleansing solutions, the highest change in absolute surface roughness (∆Sa, in μm) was observed in additively manufactured denture base material (0.181 ±0.018 and 0.079 ±0.008), followed by heat-polymerized denture base material (0.149 ±0.012 and 0.059 ± 0.011), while subtractively manufactured denture base material showed the least change (0.110 ±0.026 and 0.038 ±0.007), respectively. There was a difference in the extent of change in surface roughness between the denture cleansers. The change in surface roughness was much higher with the Fixodent denture cleanser as compared to the Fittydent denture cleanser. Subtractively manufactured denture base resin displayed the lowest change while additively manufactured denture base resin displayed the highest change in surface roughness in both denture cleansers, but the extent of change in surface roughness was variable.

Correlation Study of 3D Surface Roughness of Milled Surfaces with Laser Speckle Pattern.

Current studies are focused on the correlation between characteristic features extracted from the laser speckle pattern of machined surfaces and 2D surface roughness parameters. Since milled surfaces are 3D in nature, 3D surface roughness parameters will provide a more accurate representation of the surface. Novelties of this work are: (1) an inexpensive laser pointer, which was used for presentation and was used without any spatial filtering setup for producing the laser speckle pattern; (2) a correlation study, which was conducted between characteristic features extracted from the speckle pattern and 3D surface roughness; and (3) the influence of angle of illumination, lens aperture size (f-number) and shutter speed on the correlation. A highest coefficient of determination of 0.8955 was obtained for the correlation between the gray level co-occurrence matrix descriptor, namely energy, and 3D surface roughness parameter, namely ten-point height S10z, at an illumination angle of 45°, f-number of 16 and shutter speed of 1/100 s.

Tribological Performance of Multiscale Micro-Textured H62 Brass Surface Fabricated by Micro-Milling and Wet Micro-Blasting

Abstract The cylinder block/valve plate interface in the axial piston pump has been proven to be easily worn out, which will increase power loss and reduce its efficiency. The valve plate surface is required to be manufactured with low viscous friction and wear. Multiscale micro-texture has been proven to improve surface tribological properties. However, there are few types of research in the effect of surface topography on the tribological performance of multiscale micro-textured surfaces. The purpose of this study is to explore how the multiscale micro-texture on H62 brass affects its sliding friction behavior on 38CrMoAl. Based on micro-milling and wet micro-blasting, the multiscale micro-textured surface was manufactured on H62 brass. The wet micro-blasting was applied in the H62 brass after the surface micro-texturing. The surface topography of multiscale micro-textured samples processed by three abrasive grit sizes accompanied by two processing times was comprehensively measured in terms of height, feature, functional, and functional volume parameters. The tribological performance of multiscale micro-textured H62 brass was characterized by disk-on-disk frictional experiments. Through analyzing the relationship between surface morphology and tribological properties, the antifriction mechanism of the multiscale micro-textured surface was analyzed from the perspective of 3D surface roughness parameters. The friction coefficient of the multiscale micro-textured surface processed by the combination of micro-milling and wet micro-blasting decreased with the increasing grit size and micro-blasting time.

Prediction of Gloss in Plastic Injection Parts Based on 3D Surface Roughness from Virtual Machining with Artificial Neural Networks

The gloss is one of the most important characteristics of plastic injection molding parts, whereby the molding process needs to consider the influence of the three main factors such as the surface roughness of the cavity, chemical properties of the plastic, and injection parameters. The surface roughness of the plastic injection mold was considered for the gloss that occurs with the parts of the plastic injection processes. Therefore, the objective of this research is to predict the gloss for plastic injection parts based on the artificial neural network method from the input parameters of 3D surface roughness from virtual machining on a 3-axis CNC machining center, and plastic injection parameters. The shape generation motions were mathematically described by combining 4 × 4 transformation matrices including the kinematic motion deviations, machining parameters, end milling ball nose geometries, and cutting force. The results of the research showed the prediction of gloss in plastic injection parts from a neural network model compared to the gloss value of the actually measured workpiece and response surface methodology combined with central composite design. It was found that the average error of the gloss was 2.36%. The proposed method provides us with a systematic method to estimate the gloss for plastic injection parts before producing the actual cavity mold, which leads to increased accuracy as well as efficiency in manufacturing plastic injection parts.

WEAR RESISTANCE OF HARD TURNED SURFACES

The quality of working surfaces plays an important role in automotive industrial components. One of the main characteristics of such surfaces is their wear resistance. In this study external cylindrical surfaces were analyzed. A Design of Experiment methodology was applied and hard turning experiments were carried out to analyze the effects of the cutting parameters on the 3D surface roughness values of reduced peak height, skewness and kurtosis. The study confirmed earlier findings that at lower feed the wear resistance is higher based on the analyzed roughness parameters. The cutting speed and the depth-of-cut do not influence these parameter values significantly.

Wettability of Metal Surfaces Affected by Paint Layer Covering.

The aim of the work was to quantify the surface wettability of metallic (Fe, Al, Cu, brass) surfaces covered with sprayed paints. Wettability was determined using the contact angle hysteresis approach, where dynamic contact angles (advancing ΘA and receding ΘR) were identified with the inclined plate method. The equilibrium, ΘY, contact angle hysteresis, CAH = ΘA − ΘR, film pressure, Π, surface free energy, γSV, works of adhesion, WA, and spreading, WS, were considered. Hydrophobic water/solid interactions were exhibited for the treated surfaces with the dispersive term contribution to γSV equal to (0.66–0.69). The registered 3D surface roughness profiles allowed the surface roughness and surface heterogeneity effect on wettability to be discussed. The clean metallic surfaces turned out to be of a hydrophilic nature (ΘY < 90°) with high γSV, heterogeneous, and rough with a large CAH. The surface covering demonstrated the parameters’ evolution, ΘA↑, ΘR↑, γSV↓, WA↓, and WS↓, corresponding to the surface hydrophobization and exhibiting base substratum-specific signatures. The dimensionless roughness fluctuation coefficient, η, was linearly correlated to CAH. The CAH methodology based on the three measurable quantities, ΘA, ΘR, and liquid surface tension, γLV, can be a useful tool in surface-mediated process studies, such as lubrication, liquid coating, and thermoflow.

Outer turbulent boundary layer similarities for different 2D surface roughnesses at matched Reynolds number

The outer layer similarity in zero pressure gradient (ZPG) boundary layers developing over different geometries of 2D roughness elements is assessed, using single hotwire anemometry. Two types of 2D roughness are used: circular rods and sinewave surfaces with two different heights, k = 1.6, and 2.4 mm, and three different streamwise spacings, i.e. sx=8k,12k, and 16k. These roughnesses cover a range of ratios of the boundary layer thickness (δ) to the roughness height (k) from δ/k = 21 to 45. As expected, all roughnesses caused a downward shift on the wall-unit normalised streamwise mean velocity profiles compared with smooth wall profiles, with a maximum shift observed for rods with a spacing of sx=8k, while the minimum shift is noticed for a sinewave surface with a spacing of sx=16k. The defect velocity profiles collapse entirely for all smooth and rough wall flows when normalised by the friction velocity. It was found that the shape factor, H is a suitable scaling parameter for improving the collapse of the data when using the diagnostic plot. The inner peak of the turbulence intensity profiles for the sinewave roughness is reduced gradually with increasing Reynolds number while the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) develops from a transitionally to a fully rough regime. Meanwhile, this inner peak disappears completely for all rod roughnesses, as the TBL is always in a fully rough regime, and the profiles exhibit only an outer peak, located at a wall-normal location y/δ≈0.06. The results suggest that Townsends similarity hypothesis for 2D surface roughness is relatively well approximated in the outer region of the flow as reflected by the collapse of the distributions of velocity defect, turbulence intensity, skewness, and flatness when scaled with δ.

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the 3D Surface Roughness of Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Products.

Material extrusion (ME), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing technique, has the advantages of freedom of design, wide range of raw materials, strong ability to manufacture complex products, etc. However, ME products have obvious surface defects due to the layer-by-layer manufacturing characteristics. To reveal the generation mechanism, the three-dimensional surface roughness (3DSR) of ME products was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on the forming process of bonding neck, the 3DSR theoretical model in two different directions (vertical and parallel to the fiber direction) was established respectively. The preparation of ME samples was then completed and a series of experimental tests were performed to determine their surface roughness with the laser microscope. Through the comparison between theoretical and experimental results, the proposed model was validated. In addition, sensitivity analysis is implemented onto the proposed model, investigating how layer thickness, extrusion temperature, and extrusion width influence the samples’ surface roughness. This study provides theoretical basis and technical insight into improving the surface quality of ME products.

3D surface roughness characteristics for biological applications

This paper deals with the topographic evaluation of samples made from materials applied in biomedicine. Different samples were made from Ti, TiAlV, TiNb and austenitic steel &#8211; Fe were used together with different surface morphology created. These samples were coated with a layer of TiNb alloy. The goal was to measure surface roughness in individual samples of biomaterials and to evaluate a 3D measurement of surface morphology made with a confocal microscope. Another task was to compare with appropriate software the pictures of material topography acquired at lower and higher magnification. Lower (10x) and higher (200x) magnification was used. For measured data evaluation SPIP and Gwyddion software were used. The same method of surface treatment was used but on different samples, which can lead to different results. The values obtained from topography measurements are crucial, but their formulation or evaluation can be affected by different processing methods. Our interest was to find and record the theoretically best procedure for the evaluation of measured data. Then to better understand the cell adhesion and integration of bacteria, we dealt with visualization of topography of given samples.

Influence of Semi-Random and Regular Shot Peening on Selected Surface Layer Properties of Aluminum Alloy.

This paper attempts to compare regular shot peening (RSP) and semi-random shot peening (SRSP). A characteristic of the first method is that the peening elements hit the treated surface in sequence, with a regular distance maintained between the dimples. The other method (SRSP) is a controlled modification of the shot-peening process, which is random by nature. The shot-peening method used in this study differs from conventional shot peening (shot blasting and vibratory shot peening) in that it allows controlled and repeatable determination of the configuration and distribution of impacts exerted by the peening element on the workpiece surface, which makes the process more repeatable and easier to model. Specimens of EN-AW 7075 aluminum alloy were used for testing. The following variables were used in the experiments: ball diameter, impact energy, and distance between the dimples. Microhardness distribution in the surface layer, 2D surface roughness, and surface topography were analyzed. FEM simulations of the residual stress distribution in the surface layer were performed. It has been found that regular shot peening results in reduced surface roughness, while semi-random shot peening leads to higher surface layer hardening.