3D SiC Research Articles

Significantly improved thermal conductivity of C/C composite by constructing 3D SiC nanowires network in carbon felt via vacuum thermal evaporation

Developing a nanoscale secondary thermal conduction network within carbon fiber performs is a challenging yet effective method to substantially enhance the thermal conductivity of C/C composites. In this study, a strategy for creating a three-dimensional (3D) SiC nanowires (SiCNWs) thermal conductivity network in carbon felts (CFs) was implemented using vacuum thermal evaporation technology to fabricate SiCNWs modified C/C composites (SiCNW–C/C). The growth mechanism of SiC nanowires within CFs and their impact on the microstructure and thermal conductivity of the C/C composite were thoroughly investigated. The findings indicate that a SiC nanowires thermal conduction network can be successfully established within carbon felts without catalysts by initiating nucleation sites and managing reaction pressure. An appropriate reaction pressure is crucial not only for the uniform growth of SiC nanowires but also as a key factor in modulating the content and microstructure of the SiC nanowires. SiC nanowires prepared at 150 Pa exhibit minimal structural defects and are evenly distributed throughout the carbon felts, markedly enhancing the thermal response rate of the felts. The thermal conductivity of these SiCNW-modified C/C composites, both parallel and perpendicular to the carbon fibers, increased to 173 W/m•K and 112 W/m•K, respectively, approximately tripling that of the pure C/C composite. The exceptional thermal management capabilities of SiCNW–C/C were empirically validated through simulated operational chips and finite element simulation. This work presents an effective approach for producing C/C composite with high thermal conductivity particularly through the thickness, offering promising applications in the thermal management of advanced electronics.

SiC skeleton‐reinforced highly oriented graphite with good thermophysical and electromagnetic shielding properties

AbstractThe design of multifunctional materials with good thermophysical and electromagnetic shielding properties is desirable to overcome overheating and electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electronic devices. In this study, three‐dimensional (3D) continuous SiC skeleton‐reinforced highly oriented graphite flake (GF@SiC) composites were fabricated by combining molten salt synthesis, heat treatment, and spark plasma sintering. When the SiC content was higher than 9 vol.%, a 3D continuous SiC skeleton was formed, which effectively constrained the cross‐plane thermal expansion of the GF@SiC composites. Highly oriented GFs endowed the composites with good thermal conductivity (TC) along the basal plane and effective EMI shielding in the X‐band. The composites with SiC concentrations of 9 vol.% exhibited an optimal comprehensive performance with a high TC of 322 W/m/K in the basal plane direction, a low thermal expansion value of 10.5 × 10−6/K in the through‐plane direction, and EMI shielding effectiveness of 36 dB. Our strategy provides a promising and practical approach for realizing graphite‐based composites to meet the current demands for electronic devices.

Preparation and performance of acrylic mortar repair material modified suitably by nano-fiber and nano-particle in low-temperature for high-strength gain applications in construction

Nano-particles and nano-fibers have a marked effect on the physico-mechanical properties of polymeric mortar. In this study, to further enhance the mechanical properties of acrylic repair materials used in extreme environments (−25 °C or even lower), we added nano-particles (SiC, Al2O3, B4C, Si3N4, Fe2O3, SiO2), nano-fibers (CFs, MW-CNTs), nano-sheets (GNP, MOS2) and one homemade three-dimensional (3D) nano-fibers SiC–OH@APTES-g-CFs-COOH, respectively, to the polymeric mortar. We investigated how the dimensionality, content and type affect the compressive strength and flexural strength of the acrylic mortar repair materials. Acrylic mortar specimens were prepared by mixing methyl methacrylate binder, aggregates, initiator, accelerator and different nano-particles in a standard cement mixer, which is placed in standard molds of 40mm × 40mm × 160 mm and kept in −25 °C. Compressive and flexural strength of the acrylic mortar repair materials were determined at 1h, 1d and 10d of curing. The carbon fibers were treated with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and the 3D nano-fibers SiC–OH@APTES-g-CFs-COOH were prepared. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that a large number of SiC were uniformly and densely distributed on the surface of CFs. The mechanical strength results showed that almost all contents of nano-materials of any dimension used in this article could enhance the mechanical strength of the specimens. Notably, when 0.05 wt% SiC–OH@APTES-g-CFs-COOH was added, the compressive strength and flexural strength values of acrylic mortar specimens at 10d were improved by 41.16 % and 52.28 % than those of control specimens. The incorporation of 3D nano-fibers formed a mechanical engagement with the aggregates, which increased the contact area between the aggregates and 3D nano-fibers and the thickness of the contact layer inside the specimen, thus effectively transferring the stress when the specimen was subjected to the load, and enhance the interfacial properties between the substrate and the nanofillers. Among the explored nano-particles, the addition of Si3N4 could significantly improve the compressive and flexural strength of acrylic mortar. Compared with the control specimen, the compressive strength can be improved by 44.6 % and the flexural strength of acrylic mortar specimens can be improved by 76.2 % when the addition of Si3N4 was 0.3 % by weight. This article demonstrated the availability of nano-powders for improving the mechanical properties of polymeric mortar construction materials.

Variability of sub-regional fibre strength in 3D orthogonal SiC fabrics and its effect on the constitutive response of composites

Various fibre damage may occur during 3D orthogonal SiC woven weaving, leading to the variability of sub-regional fibre strength. In this study, different types of yarns were divided into several subregions along the cross-section according to the possible damage modes. The fibres in different subregions were extracted, and the monofilament strength test was carried out. The results showed that the fibre strengths of yarns and yarn subregions followed normal distributions. The correlation between the fibre strength distribution of the in-situ yarns and the subregion fibre strength difference was verified by using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Finally, the sub-regional fibre strength difference was considered in the tensile simulation of 3D orthogonal woven SiC/SiC composites. The simulation results agree with the experimental results and showed that the variability of sub-regional fibre strength significantly affects the composite's constitutive behaviour.

Fabrication and evaluation of high-performance 3D interpenetrated network structures SiC/Al composites with high-purity plate-like α-SiC framework

To reinforce compatibility with the thermophysical and mechanical properties of SiC/Al composites for electronic packaging to improve the stability and reduce fatigue failure of electronic integrated devices, a novel 3D SiC reinforced framework with interpenetrated plate-like α-SiC grains was synthesized. A small amount of doped α-SiC was seeded to induce the transformation of β-SiC to plate-like α-SiC at 2,300 °C, forming a high-purity α-SiC strongly bonded framework. Vacuum/gas pressure infiltration of Al alloy was subsequently used to manufacture the 3D interpenetrated network structure SiC/Al (SiC3D/Al) composite. Characterization results showed that 15% (in mass) seeds provided the composite with the optimal comprehensive performance, including a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 5.54 × 10−6 K−1, a high thermal conductivity (λ) of 239.08 W·m−1·K−1, the highest flexural strength of 326.84 MPa, and a low thermal deformation parameter (TDP) of 0.023. High-purity plate-like grains enhanced the purity of the framework promoting a significant improvement in λ. As the seed content increased to 20% (in mass), both λ and CTE reached optimal values of 5.22 × 10−6 K−1 and 243.14 W·m−1·didiK−1, but the mechanical properties declined by 10.30%. The synergistic effect of the well-bonded interface and the high-purity 3D SiC framework balanced excellent mechanical properties and multiple thermal functions.

Hollow porous silicon nanospheres with 3D SiC@C coating as high-performance anodes

Silicon is regarded as one of the most promising anode candidates for next-generation Li-ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g−1). However, the main challenge for the practical application of Si anodes is the huge volume change during (de)alloying with lithium, which leads to the pulverization of the active material and severe loss of electrical contact after cycling. Here, we develop hollow porous silicon nanospheres with three-dimensional carbon coating and SiC transition interlayer (C@SiC@Si@SiC@C) via a simple and straightforward polymer-directed strategy in order to tackle the challenges met with Si anodes. The accordingly synthesized C@SiC@Si@SiC@C anode shows high utilization of the active substance, high measured capacity (3200 mAh g−1) with almost 100% Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling performance (0.7‰ per cycle decay rate at 0.2C). Such superior performances are related to the uniquely designed structure. Firstly, the 3D carbon coating provides high electronic conductivity, and extremely small size of silicon shortens the diffusion distance for Li ions and electrons. Secondly, the stable cyclability originates from the nanoscale silicon particles reinforced by a SiC transition interlayer which effectively prevents fracture and provides robust outer layers, respectively.

Fabrication of three dimensional SiC@C hybrid for efficient direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene

• The 3D carbon decorated SiC hybrid (core-shell structure) is first prepared by a simple template method as a potential robust metal free ethylbenzene DDH catalyst. • The SiC@C catalyst exhibits a large specific area (410.30 m 2 g −1 ) and high catalytic activity (11.58 mmol g −1 carbon h −1 ) in DDH of EB, nearly 4 times that of nanodiamond. • The extraordinary catalytic performance is attributed to the abundant surface carbonyl groups on the carbon layers. • The unique 3D core shell structure can inhibit the aggregation of SiC@C nanocrystals and is benefit for the heat and mass transfer during the dehydrogenation reaction. Synthesis of hybrid carbon materials with core-shell structure and robust catalytic performance is of great research interest, and remains a great challenge in catalytic dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons reaction. In this paper, few-layer sp 2 carbon decorated SiC nanocrystals with core-shell structure (SiC@C) were fabricated through a dual-confined magnesiothermic method by employing glucose and SiO 2 as precursors. The SiC@C nanocrystals were further crosslinked to be a three dimensional (3D) mesoporous hybrid by the in situ generated carbon as binders and exhibiting a 410.30 m 2 g −1 large surface area. The as-prepared SiC@C hybrid materials as metal-free catalysts were evaluated in the steam-free direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. Benefiting from the abundant surface carbonyl groups on the graphite carbon layers, the optimized yield rate of styrene normalized by carbon mass was as high as 11.58 mmol g −1 carbon h −1 , nearly 4 times that of nanodiamonds. Considering the low cost and excellent catalytic activity, the hybrid 3D SiC@C material may be a promising candidate for direct dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons.

Direct ink writing of 3D SiC scaffold as catalyst support for thermally autonomous methanol steam reforming microreactor

Methanol steam reforming (MSR) has been proven to be a feasible approach for in-situ hydrogen production. This paper designed a novel thermally autonomous MSR microreactor with regular-shaped pores SiC scaffold as catalyst support. The SiC scaffolds with four different pore sizes were fabricated by direct ink writing (DIW) of polycarbosilane-based solution. After post processing, the printed ceramic precursor scaffolds shrank homogeneously and converted into porous SiC ceramic, which maintain original regular-shaped pores. The experimental results showed that the microreactor with smaller pore-sized SiC scaffold catalyst support had the highest hydrogen production value while poor characteristics in fluid flow. At an inlet flow rate of 60 μl/min and reaction temperature of 280 °C, the microreactor with 0.5 mm pore-sized SiC scaffold can produce the average hydrogen of 53.85 ml/min with methanol conversion of 82.88%. After 24 h of continuous operation, the SiC scaffold still had great hydrogen production, demonstrating remarkable stability as catalyst support for MSR hydrogen production system. This work demonstrates that ceramic scaffold catalyst support fabricated by DIW is a promising method for the development of MSR microreactors for regulation of the fluid flow and hydrogen production performances.

Wood‐Derived, Vertically Aligned, and Densely Interconnected 3D SiC Frameworks for Anisotropically Highly Thermoconductive Polymer Composites

Construction of a vertically aligned and densely interconnected ordered 3D filler framework in a polymer matrix is a challenge to attain significant thermal conductivity (TC) enhancement efficiency. Fortunately, many biomaterials with unique microstructures can be found in nature. With inspiration from wood, artificial composites can be rationally designed to achieve desired properties. Herein, the authors report a facile and effective approach to fabricate anisotropic polymer composites by biotemplate ceramization technology and subsequent vacuum impregnation of epoxy resin. The hierarchical microstructure of wood is perfectly replicated in the cellular biomass derived SiC (bioSiC) framework by carbothermal reduction. Owing to the anisotropic architecture of bioSiC, the epoxy composite with vertically aligned dense SiC microchannels shows interesting properties, including a high TC (10.27 W m−1K−1), a significant enhancement efficiency (259 per 1 vol% loading), an outstanding anisotropic TC ratio (5.77), an extremely low coefficient of linear thermal expansion (12.23 ppm K−1), a high flexural strength (222 MPa), and an excellent flame resistance. These results demonstrate that this approach is expected to open a new avenue for design and preparation of high performance thermal management materials to address the heat dissipation of modern electronics.

Effects of fabrication processes on the properties of SiC/SiC composites

Precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) were used to fabricate SiC/SiC composites on a four-step 3D SiC fibre preform deposited with a pyrolytic carbon interface. The effects of fabrication processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the SiC/SiC composites were studied. Results showed the presence of irregular cracks in the matrix of the SiC/SiC composites prepared through PIP, and the crystal structure was amorphous. The room temperature flexural strength and modulus were 873.62 MPa and 98.16 GPa, respectively. The matrix of the SiC/SiC composites prepared through CVI was tightly bonded without cracks, the crystal structure had high crystallinity, and the room temperature bending strength and modulus were 790.79 MPa and 150.32 GPa, respectively. After heat treatment at 1300 °C for 50 h, the flexural strength and modulus retention rate of the SiC/SiC composites prepared through PIP were 50.01% and 61.87%, and those of the composites prepared through CVI were 99.24% and 96.18%, respectively. The mechanism of the evolution of the mechanical properties after heat treatment was examined, and the analysis revealed that it was caused by the different fabrication processes of the SiC matrix. After heat treatment, the SiC crystallites prepared through PIP greatly increased, and the SiOxCy in the matrix decomposed to produce volatile gases SiO and/or CO, ultimately leading to an increase in the number of cracks and porosity in the material and a decrease in the material load-bearing capacity. However, the size of the SiC crystallites prepared through CVI hardly changed, the SiC matrix was tightly bonded without cracks, and the load-bearing capacity only slightly changed.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel silica nanowire-reinforced SiC thermal material

When forming a 3D SiC object by thermal oxidation of compacted particles, the resultant solid is often found to have limited strength. A major reason for this lack of structural integrity is believed to be due to poor oxygen diffusion and this, in turn, limits the thickness of the silica bonding layer at the interface between SiC particles. In the present study it is demonstrated that SiC particles treated with NaOH will create a silica gel layer that enhances the bonding during thermal oxidation. The surface modified particles were compacted into discs at an applied pressure of 0.47 ​MPa and then heated at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1000 ​°C. FTIR confirmed the presence of the characteristic peaks for Si–O and Si–O–Si on the surface of the discs characteristic of the formation of a silica gel layer that bonded the particles at room temperature. SEM-EDX analysis revealed the growth of silica nanowires that bridged the walls of the pores between SiC particles during heat treatment. XRD peaks characteristic for α-SiC phase were persistent at all temperatures. After oxidation XRD showed the phase transformation of the silica gel into quartz which was followed by further transformation to cristobalite solid solution at higher temperature. In conjunction with the increased growth of the silica nano wires, the density, strength, toughness and percent weight gain increased significantly without any measurable change in the dimensions of the discs. FTIR analysis of the condensed volatile species released from surface modified SiC discs during heating revealed the involvement of SiO gas released from the silica gel surface layer in the mechanism of nanowires growth. Preliminary thermal shock resistance tests showed stability of the mechanical properties after water quenching of samples treated at 900–1000 ​°C.

Mechanism of epitaxial growth of silica nanowires reinforcing agent in porous SiC scaffold

Processing 3D SiC objects by thermal oxidation is cumbersome due to poor oxygen diffusion in SiC and the limited thickness of the silica layer at the interface between particles. In the present study we treated SiC particles with NaOH to create a silica gel layer. The surface modified particles were pressed manually at 0.47 MPa into discs and subjected to thermal treatment in the temperature range 500-1000 oC. FTIR confirmed the presence of the characteristic peaks for Si-O and Si-O-Si on the surface of the discs confirming the formation of a silica gel layer that bonded the particles at room temperature. SEM-EDX analysis demonstrated the growth of silica nanowires that bridged the walls of the pores during heat treatment. XRD showed the phase transformation of the silica gel into quartz and then cristobalite solid solution at higher temperature. In conjunction with the increased growth of the silica nano wires, the strength, toughness, and percent weight gain increased significantly without any measurable change in the dimensions of the discs. FTIR analysis of the condensed volatile species released from SiC discs during heating revealed the involvement of SiO gas in the mechanism of nanowires growth. Preliminary thermal shock resistance tests showed stability of the mechanical properties after water quenching of samples treated at 900-1000 oC. The new mechanism of SiC densification by silica nanowires growth while maintaining dimensional stability opens the door for new SiC manufacturing technology.

A Genetic Algorithm-Based Metaheuristic Approach for Test Cost Optimization of 3D SIC

A Genetic Algorithm-Based Metaheuristic Approach for Test Cost Optimization of 3D SIC

Structure design influencing the mechanical performance of 3D printing porous ceramics

Different from traditional ceramic materials, three-dimensional (3D) porous ceramics have become a research hotspot in recent years due to combinative of light-weight and high strength. Meanwhile, the 3D printing technique, which can be used to design hierarchical porous structures by combining flexible design and advanced manufacturing procedures, is regarded as a revolutionary and attractive tool for the preparation of 3D porous ceramics. Herein, a novel road is reported for fabricating 3D porous ceramic lattices with excellent mechanical properties by bridging 3D printing and SiC chemical vapor infiltration. The effects of coordination number, rotation angle, hollow structure and sintering temperature on the performance of ceramic lattices were also investigated. As revealed by the results, the cubic lattices possess the highest compressive strength and fracture work, 41.93 MPa and 2126.7 kJ/m2, respectively. Among different hollow lattices, the stability and bearing capacity of triangular structures were superior to that of square and honeycomb structures. The compressive strength of the triangular hollow lattices can reach up to 31.20 MPa. And the fracture work of the 3D porous lattices without rotation can be 7 times that of the lattices with a rotation angle of 30° and 45°. Moreover, as the sintering temperature rises, the compressive strength of 3D porous ceramics gradually increases while the shrinkage tends to be more serious. Additionally, the fracture work of 3D porous ceramics reaches its peak at a sintering temperature of 1400 °C. The approach developed in this work provides a simple, economic, and effective way to fabricate 3D porous ceramics, which leads to promising applications in future functional devices.

Building SiC-based composites from polycarbosilane-derived 3D-SiC scaffolds via polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP)

Direct ink writing combined with subsequent polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) was adopted to prepare 3D SiC-based composites via the polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) route. Five types of 3D SiC scaffolds with different structural parameters, i.e. fillers of inert SiC powder and active Ti powder, predesigned interconnected pores and in-situ grown SiC coatings, were fabricated and employed in the following PIP process. The PIP process exhibited linear weight-increase stage in the first ten cycles, followed by the parabolic stage with decreased weight gain rate. Interconnected pores or coated SiCw in/on the 3D scaffolds increased the interfacial bonding strength, leading to improved strength of SiC-based composites. The current work demonstrated that dense 3D PDCs with adjustable macro-/micro-structures and compositions could be achieved via direct ink writing and the following PIP process.

Orthogonally structured graphene nanointerface for lightweight SiC nanowire-based nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and electromagnetic-interference shielding properties

Interface design is an effective strategy for developing advanced composite materials, especially nanocomposites with optimized structural nanointerfaces with better properties. Herein, smart orthogonally structured graphene (OSG) nanointerfaces with designed multi-functions were fabricated for the first time in three-dimensional (3D) SiC nanowires (SiCnw) foam to yield hybrid nano-preforms. The as-obtained OSG nanointerfaces showed excellent electrical conductivity and unique orthogonal structure, which did not only act as highways for electron transport but also as smart interfacial energy traps for the capture and deflection of cracks. Hence, hybrid nano-preforms provided dual outstanding advantage over conventional SiCnw foam for reinforcing pyrocarbon (PyC) and yield materials with higher mechanical strength and electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness. Compared to baseline without nanointerface, the 0.12 wt% OSG nanointerface significantly increased the flexural strength and EMI shielding effectiveness by 101% and 54%, respectively. These findings demonstrated the promising prospects of OSG nanointerface as necessary components for advanced mechanical-strong and high-performance EMI shielding nanocomposites.

The effect of rod orientation on the strength of highly porous filament printed 3D SiC ceramic architectures

The present work explores the strength enhancement via minor modifications of the pattern design in pure light SiC woodpile structures created by filament printing. In particular, the effect of the filament stacking angle on both the compression resistance and the elastic modulus of these structures are evaluated. Different patterns were designed while maintaining the bulk structure density, therefore the differences in the mechanical data (strength and elastic modulus) are not attributable to density variations. All of these materials were partially sintered at intermediate temperature for additional porosity enhancement. Moreover, SiC specimens made by full filament overlapping were produced to serve as reference massive material. Remarkably, the massive SiC printed material displays ordered spherical porosity and a closed-pore foam appearance, thus revealing a novel route for producing these type of porosity. Results evidence that the structure robustness can be tuned through slight design modification, which thus offers the possibility of further structure lightening without reducing the target strength.

3D-SiC decorated with SiC whiskers: Chemical vapor infiltration on the porous 3D-SiC lattices derived from polycarbosilane-based suspensions

SiCw/3D-SiC composites were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of the 3D SiC lattices, which were prepared via direct ink writing of polycarbosilane-based suspensions. Microstructure, composition and tensile strength of the composites were investigated. Curing and pyrolysis temperature greatly affected the shrinkage, weight loss, density and composition of the 3D SiC. Although sound structure with spanning feature was achieved, cracks and pores in 3D SiC were formed during the pyrolysis owing to the large shrinkage. CVI process decreased the porosity and led to fully dense surface of the SiCw/3D-SiC composites. After 60h of CVI, short β-SiC fibres or long SiC whiskers were deposited in the structural spacing of 3D lattices or spherical pores inside the filaments, respectively. The tensile strength of the composites by CVI increased from 3.3 MPa to 15.7 MPa (20 h) and 47.3 MPa (60 h), due to the high strength of dense CVI layers and in-situ formed SiC whiskers in pores. This work showed a way to strengthen the 3D SiC with in-situ formed whiskers via the polymer precursor routes.

Multifunctional silicon carbide matrix composites optimized by three-dimensional graphene scaffolds

Herein, we describe the synthesis of multifunctional silicon carbide matrix composites by the in-situ growth of SiC in three-dimensionally printed graphene scaffolds by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). Graphene-based scaffolds with various graphene contents, which are first assembled by three-dimensional (3D) printing, exhibit good adhesion and interlayer bonding. The content and morphology of the SiC matrix in the composite is controlled by optimizing the values of the CVI parameters, such as the holding time and gas pressure. The 3D graphene/SiC multifunctional composites exhibit outstanding mechanical performance, delivering a maximum compressive strength of 193 ± 15.7 MPa, which is 394% higher than that of the directly mixed product. The toughening mechanism induced by the graphene sheets, including pull-out and crack deflection, are clearly observed. The combination of 3D graphene scaffold and SiC matrix generates a larger number of conductive channels and provides a material that outperforms traditional ceramic materials in terms of electrical conductivity. It is expected that high-performance 3D graphene reinforced ceramic matrix composites with structural and functional integration will be prepared by introducing ceramic matrices into 3D graphene scaffolds.

3D SiC containing uniformly dispersed, aligned SiC whiskers: Printability, microstructure and mechanical properties

3D SiC-based lattices with aligned SiC whiskers were prepared via direct ink writing of SiCw/polycarbosilane (PCS)-based suspensions. Suspensions with different solid loading were prepared and used to investigate the morphology and printability of 3D SiCw/SiC lattices. Filaments with the morphologies of accumulation, coiling, meandering and straight were achieved with different printing height and speed. Higher printing height favored the formation of coiled filaments with longer periodic structure and increased amplitude. 3D lattices with straight filaments and good retention of shape were achieved only when applying a suitable printing parameters for SiCw/PCS-based suspensions with a solid loading of 62.3 vol%. The resulted 3D lattices with the porosity around 62% showed impressive bending and compression strength of 33.2 ± 5.2 MPa and 30.6 ± 4.3 MPa, respectively. The satisfactory properties of 3D SiCw/SiC lattices were contributed by the pullout of the aligned SiC whiskers. Furthermore, this 3D technique via the Polymer-derived Ceramics (PDCs) route allows the fabrication of large sized samples, which opens new opportunities for the fabrication of 3D structures with unique mechanical and functional properties in practical dimensions.