3D Panel Research Articles

A novel 3D composite auxetic sandwich panel for energy absorption improvement

In recent years, great research value has been attributed to sandwich structures as energy-absorbing components in structural protection due to their lightweight advantages. However, research on improving the energy absorption of sandwich structures by studying 3D sandwich cores is rare. Therefore, this work proposes a 3D re-entrant four-pointed star sandwich panel (RFSP) to enhance energy absorption. Grille sandwich panels (GSP) and re-entrant sandwich panels (RSP) serve as the control groups. The results show that the 3D RFSP has higher load-bearing capacity and stable deformation. Moreover, its cores compact later, which improves energy absorption. The EA of the RFSP is 1.49 times that of the GSP and 2.96 times that of the RSP. The SEA of the RFSP is 1.17 times that of the GSP and 2.33 times that of the RSP. The structure proposed in this manuscript can be applied to automotive crash beams and components of soft robots, among other applications. Furthermore, the design of 3D sandwich structures is also beneficial for the design of prefabricated sandwich panels.

397 (PB385): High-Throughput 2D and 3D Cell Panel screening to facilitate RAS target drug Discovery and development

397 (PB385): High-Throughput 2D and 3D Cell Panel screening to facilitate RAS target drug Discovery and development

Printed PZT Transducers Network for the Structural Health Monitoring of Foreign Object Damage Composite Panel

The work presented here focuses on the structural health monitoring (SHM) of a foreign object damage (FOD) composite panel equipped with an innovative printed piezoelectric transducer network. The 3D woven composite FOD panel measures approximately 800 mm x 320 mm, is curved with a cross-sectional thickness varying from approximately 2 mm to 12 mm, and a stainless-steel leading edge is bonded at one of its sides. The core idea explored here is to rely on an innovative screen-printing technology to print a full piezoelectric transducer allowing to successfully achieve SHM on such a complex composite structure. This work is being carried out within the European project MORPHO – H2020. After printing a 25 elements PZT network, a four points bending fatigue experimental campaign using the PZT network along with other sensor technologies (embedded optical fibres with FBG sensors and acoustic emission sensors) is carried out. This unique experimental campaign allows to generate data and will help to develop diagnostic and prognostic methodologies for remaining life estimation and SHM of the FOD panel. It is demonstrated here through impedance measurements that the printing process associated with the printed PZT transducers is highly repeatable thus validating its use at a larger industrial scale. Furthermore, the printed piezoelectric transducers electromechanical behaviour is characterized and they are shown to be able to detect foreign object impact and to size and localize resulting damage using Lamb waves signals collected at different locations of the network. This innovative printing technology for PZT transducers network is thus extremely promising. It is furthermore highly advantageous to use the printed transducers for SHM instead of regular ceramic ones as this technology is non-intrusive, add negligible weight, can be printed during the manufacturing process, and arrays of transducers ensure easy availability of another transducer in case of failure of one.

Secondary Bilateral Cleft Rhinoplasty: Achieving an Aesthetic Result.

Secondary rhinoplasty in patients with bilateral cleft lip poses ongoing challenges and requires a reliable method for achieving optimal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to establish a safe and effective method for secondary bilateral cleft rhinoplasty. A consecutive series of 92 skeletally matured patients with bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity were included. All had undergone secondary open rhinoplasty, performed by a single surgeon with a bilateral reverse-U flap and septal extension graft, between 2013 and 2021. Medical records of these 92 patients were reviewed to assess the clinical course. A 3-dimensional (3D) anthropometric analysis and panel assessment of 32 patients were performed to evaluate the aesthetic improvement, with an age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched normal control group for comparisons. The methods showed statistically significant improvement in addressing a short columella (columellar height), short nasal bridge (nasal bridge length), de-projected nasal tip (nasal tip projection, nasal dorsum angle), poorly defined nasal tip (nasal tip angle, dome height, and panel assessment), and transversely oriented nostrils (columellar height, alar width, nostril type). Importantly, these improvements were accompanied by a low complication rate of 4%. However, upper lip deficiency over the upper lip angle and labial-columellar angle remained without significant improvement. In this study we described effective secondary rhinoplasty, which was composed of a bilateral reverse-U flap and septal extension graft, with acceptable outcome. The 3D anthropometric analysis and panel assessment clarified that our rhinoplasty procedure could bring the nasal morphology in these patients closer to the normal data.

Experimental investigation on wave characteristics due to interference of catamaran demi-hulls in waves

The presence of twin hulls of a catamaran has a strong impact on wave pattern in the whole inner region due to interference between waves generated by each demi-hull. Consequently, wave profiles as well as wave height become complicated and unpredictable in the inner region not only in still water, but also in the presence of waves. Determining wave characteristics between demi-hulls of the catamaran is essential for predicting the operation of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) throughout the launch and recovery (LAR) process. This study performed an experiment to investigate wave characteristics between demi-hulls of the catamaran under regular and irregular waves at various wave directions and speeds. The experiment was designed to measure wave elevation in the inner region between demi-hulls in waves using ultrasonic sensors and capacitance wave probes. The experimental method and setting were verified exacting by comparing the motion response of the catamaran measured by the Qualisys system with numerical simulation using the 3D panel method. Then, wave elevation in the inner region was measured and analyzed to wave height which is a representative parameter of regular waves and to wave spectral density and significant wave height which are representative parameters for irregular waves. These parameters were compared to those of the ocean waves to understand influences of wavelengths, sea states, wave directions, and speeds on wave characteristics between demi-hulls of the catamaran. Plotting of difference from ocean waves indicated the discrepancy in wave characteristics among positions in the inner region, wavelengths, wave directions, sea states, and speeds compared to ocean waves. Results of wave characteristics in the inner region are valuable to analyze motion response and behavior of AUV during LAR process of unmanned surface vehicle (USV).

Eksplorasi Karung Goni dengan Teknik Chenille untuk Material Alternatif Elemen Estetis Interior

Utilization of gunny sack waste is still very limited and not proportional to the amount of gunny sack waste produced, even though gunny sacks have characteristics that have the potential to be used as an alternative material for interior aesthetic elements. Its characteristics include, woven fibers that are strong, mildew resistant, textured, stiff and hairy. In addition, gunny sacks have a brown color that gives a natural impression. This research tries to explore and optimize the character of the gunny sack using the Chenille Technique. This technique produces a unique hairy texture with a variety of colors resulting from layering with the additional fabric. The Chenille technique is a textile manipulation technique that is rarely used, thus making the output of this study potentially have good novelty value. This research is a qualitative research with an experimental method. The designed product is an interior aesthetic element in the form of a decorative 3D panel.

Laser-Welded Corrugated-Core Sandwich Composition—Numerical Modelling Strategy for Structural Analysis

Laser-welding technology has recently enabled the production of corrugated-core steel sandwich panels (CCSSPs) as an innovative large-scale, lightweight structural solution in maritime and infrastructure applications. Detailed numerical analyses, specifically weld-region stress prediction in the presence of transverse patch loading and supports, are computationally challenging and time-consuming for their optimal design. This paper introduces an efficient, simplified combined sub-modelling approach for accurately predicting the detailed structural response of welded corrugated-core steel panels. The approach rests on the homogenisation of the three-dimensional (3D) panel into a two-dimensional equivalent orthotropic single layer (EOSL), where the effect of transverse compressive loads and local support conditions are captured separately via different 2D and 3D sub-modelling techniques, together with a model introduced for calculation of the weld region’s equivalent spring stiffnesses. A laser-welded corrugated-core steel sandwich panel (CCSSP), as a future generation of the steel bridge deck, was examined using different modelling approaches. It was shown that the proposed combined sub-modelling approach can accurately predict stresses and displacements in all the constituent members of the cross-section, including the welds, in a reasonable calculation time when compared with a 3D reference model, unlike the conventional homogenisation approaches.

Free wake panel method simulations of a highly flexible wing in flutter and gusts

This paper presents low speed fluid structure interaction simulations of a highly flexible wing at various flow conditions, including flutter and excitation from sinusoidal gusts. Such wings are becoming more relevant in recent years, due to their potential for improving aerodynamics and reducing weight, while their flutter characteristics are particularly challenging to address, as the modal properties of the wings change as deflections increase. Calculations are based on time domain coupling of a geometrically exact beam structural model and a 3D free wake panel method, modeling the outer surface of the wing, which allow for nonlinear effects in terms of geometrical deformations and the flow at low computational cost. Static and aeroelastic wing deflections are in line with experimental data of the Pazy wing, which is a benchmark for highly flexible wings from Technion. Two flutter mechanisms are predicted within 1 to 3 m/s of the experimental range. An analysis of the flutter modes is performed, showing that the second torsion mode plays a role in flutter, something that had not been published before. Limit cycle oscillations are achieved and are shown to compare well with reference data, with the frequency being within 1% of the experimental value. Finally, results of gust simulations of the Pazy wing are compared to data from experiments and corrections for the wind tunnel measurements are proposed, which should facilitate future validation efforts. This work serves as a contribution to the Pazy wing dataset and is a step towards mid-fidelity simulations for more complex configurations.

Numerical studies on small rotor configurations with validation using acoustic wind tunnel data

This paper addresses the acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of small rotor configurations, including the influence of the rotor–rotor interactions. For this purpose, a Rotor/Rotor/Pylon configuration is chosen for both the test and numerical simulations. The wind tunnel experiments on various rotor configuration were performed in DLR’s Acoustic Wind Tunnel Braunschweig (AWB). The experiments involve isolated rotors, and rotors in tandem and coaxial configuration in hover and forward flight. For numerical simulations, an unsteady free wake 3D panel method (UPM) is used to account for aerodynamic non-linear effects associated with the mutual interference among the Rotor/Rotor/Pylon configurations. The effect of the pylon is simulated using potential theory in form of a panelized body. Finally, the sound propagation into the far field is calculated with DLR’s FW–H code APSIM, using UPM blade surface pressure as input. The validation effort is supported by CFD TAU steady simulations on selected hover test cases. The experiments and numerical results indicate that the noise at the blade passing frequency (BPF) and its higher harmonics is the dominant source of the noise for the present rotor selection. The extra subharmonics between two BPFs appearing in the results are caused by the small geometric discrepancy between the blades as well as the motor noise. Broadband noise is also observed in the experiment, but its contribution to the overall sound pressure is very small and can be neglected. The simulation of the acoustic scattering from the rotor support system for the isolated rotor cases indicated an influence about 1–3 dB on the overall sound pressure of the polar microphones. In both the coaxial and the tandem configuration, the acoustic interferences are particularly well visible in the numerical simulations and cause a more complex noise directivity. There is almost no change in time-averaged inflow by applying phase angles. In the coaxial condition, in hover, the phase delay between rotors does not change the maximum noise level. In forward flight, the phase delay can influence the maximum level of the noise radiation. In both coaxial and tandem configuration, the position of the downstream rotor is key for the noise radiation, and therefore, avoiding the interaction with upstream wake can reduce the noise radiation.

Comparative analysis of closed-form expressions and other commonly used seakeeping methods

Closed-form expressions (CFE) are semi-analytical transfer functions for ship wave-induced responses based only on main ship particulars. They are useful in an early stage of ship design and situations when hull lines for seakeeping analysis are not available. As the accuracy of CFE remains an open subject, the aim of the present study is to quantify the frequency independent model error (FIME) of CFE. Measured transfer functions of the heave, pitch, and vertical wave bending moment at midship for 13 ships are acquired from literature, together with calculated transfer functions using the strip theory and the 3D panel method, where several speeds and heading angles are available. FIME is determined by comparing transfer functions calculated by CFE, strip theory, and 3D panel codes with model-scale experiments. Multivariate linear regression analysis is performed for three seakeeping methods to indicate a dependence of FIME on the main parameters of the analysis. Dispersion of the FIME around the regression line is determined, enabling a relative comparison of the uncertainty of seakeeping methods of different complexity. The results of this study may improve the practical applicability of CFE and provide an uncertainty quantification of commonly used seakeeping methods, which is important for probability-based applications.

Abstract 2790: Preclinical studies of ZG19018, a novel irreversible covalent inhibitor of KRAS G12C, for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumors

Abstract Growing evidences of covalent irreversible inhibitors in clinical treatments of solid tumors with KRAS G12C mutation have recently emerged after FDA-approved AMG510 (Sotorasib) for NSCLC chemotherapies. ZG19018 is an irreversible KRAS G12C inhibitor with novel structure that shows promising preclinical results for in vitro molecular and biological studies and in vivo G12C-mutated cancer models and safety studies in animals. For instance, ZG19018 rapidly and selectively forms covalent bonds with G12C-GDP, which accounts for lock-in KRAS protein as the inactive GDP-bound state but inhibits the activation of numerous downstream signaling pathways like RAF/MEK on ERK phosphorylation. ZG19018 showed highly inhibition of a 3D growth panel for human cancer cell lines harboring the KRAS G12C mutation, e.g. H358 (NSCLCs), MIA PaCa-2 (pancreatic) and SW837 (colorectal), etc. For pharmacodynamics, a battery of in vitro and in vivo ADME/DMPK studies indicated a high plasma protein binding (>99.6%) of ZG19018 with over 40% bioavailability in rat and dog via oral administration for the adequate drug levels in various tissues including lung, crossing BBB to reach brain, and accumulation in tumors. For in vivo anti-tumor efficacy, ZG19018 exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth of G12C-driven subcutaneous models in nude mouse like H358 NSCLC cells but induced further tumor regression in pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 xenograft. ZG19018 also showed an enhanced anti-tumor activities as combined with chemo-reagent Donafinib, a broad tyrosine kinase inhibitor blocking RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways of tumor cells, in the same H358 xenograft model. The general toxicology studies in rat under 28 days repeated oral administration (q.d.) showed NOAEL and STD10 values at 75 and 150 mg/kg/day, respectively. The safety pharmacological studies showed no notable effects of ZG19018 on the cardiovascular, respiratory and CNS systems. The genotoxic potential studies indicated ZG19018 without mutagenesis. Collectively, ZG19018 is now in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatments of solid tumors with KRAS G12C mutation in China. Citation Format: Bing Zhu, Dawei Cui, Ruifeng Liu, Weidong Feng, Zelin Sheng, Binhua Lv. Preclinical studies of ZG19018, a novel irreversible covalent inhibitor of KRAS G12C, for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2790.

Low- and High-Fidelity Aerodynamic Simulations of Box Wing Kites for Airborne Wind Energy Applications

High aerodynamic efficiency is a key design driver for airborne wind energy systems as it strongly affects the achievable energy output. Conventional fixed-wing systems generally use aerofoils with a high thickness-to-chord ratio to achieve high efficiency and wing loading. The box wing concept suits thinner aerofoils as the load distribution can be changed with a lower wing span and structural reinforcements between the upper and lower wings. This paper presents an open-source toolchain for reliable aerodynamic simulations of parameterized box wing configurations, automating the design, meshing, and simulation setup processes. The aerodynamic tools include the steady 3D panel method solver APAME and the CFD-solver OpenFOAM, which use a steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes approach with k-ω SST turbulence model. The finite-volume mesh for the CFD-solver is generated automatically with Pointwise using eight physical design parameters, five aerofoil profiles and mesh refinement specifications. The panel method provided accurate and fast results in the linear lift region. For higher angles of attack, CFD simulations with high- to medium-quality meshes were required to obtain good agreement with measured lift and drag coefficients. The CFD simulations showed that the upper wing stall lagged behind the lower wing, increasing the stall angle of attack compared to conventional fixed-wing kites. In addition, the wing tip boundary layer separation was delayed compared to the wing root for the straight rectangular box wing. Choosing the design point and operational envelope wisely can enhance the aerodynamic performance of airborne wind energy kites, which are generally operated at a large angle of attack to maximise the wing loading and tether force, and through that, the power output of the system.

Static Aeroelastic Optimization of High-Aspect-Ratio Composite Aircraft Wings via Surrogate Modeling

The race towards cleaner and more efficient commercial aviation demands novel designs featuring improved aerodynamic and structural characteristics, the main pillars that drive aircraft efficiency. Among the many proposed and introduced, the increase in the aspect ratio of the wings enables greater fuel efficiency by reducing induced drag. Nevertheless, such structures are characterised by elevated flexibility, aggravating static and dynamic aeroelastic phenomena. Consequently, the preliminary and conceptual design and optimization stages using high-fidelity numerical tools is rendered extremely intricate and prohibitive in terms of computational cost. Low-fidelity tools, contrastingly, enable computational-burden alleviation. In our approach, a computational framework for the low-fidelity steady-state static aeroelastic optimization of a composite high-aspect-ratio commercial aircraft wing via surrogate modelling is proposed. The methodology starts with the development of the 3D panel method as well of the elements of the surrogate model. The design variables, objective function and constraints which formulate the optimization problem are then provided. Moreover, comparison against rigid aerodynamics indicate the significant load-alleviation capabilities of the present case study. The effect of structural nonlinearities is also explored. The optimization framework is executed and optimal laminates for the structural members are obtained. The optimal structure was deemed critical in panel buckling.

Does the intraoperative 3D-flat panel control of the planned implant position lead to an optimization and increased in safety in the anatomically demanding region C1/2?

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability and advantages of intraoperative imaging using a 3D flat panel in the treatment of C1/2 instabilities.MaterialsProspective single-centered study including surgeries at the upper cervical spine between 06/2016 and 12/2018. Intraoperatively thin K-wires were placed under 2D fluoroscopic control. Then an intraoperative 3D-scan was carried out. The image quality was assessed based on a numeric analogue scale (NAS) from 0 to 10 (0 = worst quality, 10 = perfect quality) and the time for the 3D-scan was measured. Additionally, the wire positions were evaluated regarding malpositions.ResultsA total of 58 patients were included (33f, 25 m, average age 75.2 years, r.:18–95) with pathologies of C2: 45 type II fractures according to Anderson/D'Alonzo with or without arthrosis of C1/2, 2 Unhappy triad of C1/2 (Odontoid fracture Type II, anterior or posterior C1 arch-fracture, Arthrosis C1/2) 4 pathological fractures, 3 pseudarthroses, 3 instabilities of C1/2 because of rheumatoid arthritis, 1 C2 arch fracture). 36 patients were treated from anterior [29 AOTAF (combined anterior odontoid and transarticular C1/2 screw fixation), 6 lag screws, 1 cement augmented lag screw] and 22 patients from posterior (regarding to Goel/Harms). The median image quality was 8.2 (r.: 6–10). In 41 patients (70.7%) the image quality was 8 or higher and in none of the patients below 6. All of those 17 patients the image quality below 8 (NAS 7 = 16; 27.6%, NAS 6 = 1, 1.7%), had dental implants. A total of 148 wires were analyzed. 133 (89.9%) showed a correct positioning. In the other 15 (10.1%) cases a repositioning had to be done (n = 8; 5.4%) or it had to be drawn back (n = 7; 4.7%). A repositioning was possible in all cases. The implementation of an intraoperative 3D-Scan took an average of 267 s (r.: 232-310 s). No technical problems occurred.ConclusionIntraoperative 3D imaging in the upper cervical spine is fast and easy to perform with sufficient image quality in all patients. Potential malposition of the primary screw canal can be detected by initial wire positioning before the Scan. The intraoperative correction was possible in all patients.Trial registration German Trials Register (Registered 10 August 2021, DRKS00026644—Trial registration: German Trials Register (Registered 10 August 2021, DRKS00026644—https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00026644)

Optimisation of panel component regions subject to hot stamping constraints using a novel deep-learning-based platform

The latest hot stamping processes can enable efficient production of complex shaped panel components with high stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, structural redesign for these intricate processes can be challenging, because compared to cold forming, the non-isothermal and dynamic nature of these processes introduces complexity and unfamiliarity among industrial designers. In industrial practice, trial-and-error approaches are currently used to update non-feasible designs where complicated forming simulations are needed each time a design change is made. A superior approach to structural redesign for hot stamping processes is demonstrated in this paper which applies a novel deep-learning-based optimisation platform. The platform consists of the interaction between two neural networks: a generator that creates 3D panel component geometries and an evaluator that predicts their post-stamping thinning distributions. Guided by these distributions the geometry is iteratively updated by a gradient-based optimisation technique. In the application presented in this paper, panel component geometries are optimised to meet imposed constraints that are derived from post-stamping thinning distributions. In addition, a new methodology is applied to select arbitrary geometric regions that are to be fixed during the optimisation. Overall, it is demonstrated that the platform is capable of optimising selective regions of panel component subject to imposed post-stamped thinning distribution constraints.

Comparison of full-scale measurements and seakeeping calculations for two research vessels in the Adriatic Sea

The paper describes two experimental campaigns of seakeeping measurements for two research vessels in the Adriatic Sea and comparison of the experimental results with the seakeeping calculations. The waves and vessel motions are simultaneously measured at seas. Sea surface elevation of wind waves is measured using a wave buoy, freely floating near the vessel. Measurements of vessel motions are performed using motion sensors mounted on the bridge deck. Measurements are performed for different heading angles between the prevailing wave direction and the vessel. Time signals of the measured waves and resulting heave and pitch motions are treated statistically and subjected to spectral analysis. Wave-induced vessel responses are also calculated by the spectral analysis, employing the 3D panel method for transfer functions. Measured wave spectra are approximated by the standard JONSWAP spectra for that purpose. Statistical properties of the measured and calculated wave-induced motions are then compared. The results of the seakeeping calculations are in fair agreement with the measurements, except for mean zero-crossing period of the responses in following seas, where considerable discrepancies are found.

A numerical method to compute flexible vertical responses of containerships in regular waves

In this paper, a series of simulations of hydroelastic problems of containerships are conducted by a nonlinear 3D panel method which is based on the generalized Taylor Expansion Boundary Element Method (TEBEM). In the structure part, the Transfer Matrix Method is selected to perform a modal analysis which provides key parameters of hydroelastic calculation. In the hydrodynamic part, the nonlinearities arising from the variations of instantaneous wetted surface area are considered in the solutions of hydrostatic restoring forces as well as 1st order incident wave forces. Meanwhile, an extended Modified Logvinovich Model (MLM) is presented to predict the slamming forces due to the large-amplitude incident waves. The numerical predictions of the hydroelastic responses of a 6750-TEU containership and S175 in regular waves are presented. The effects of wave steepness and sailing speed as well as the variation characteristics of load components against with wave direction are studied. The numerical and experimental results are in acceptable agreement which proves the accuracy of the proposed method.

Comparative study of realistic ship motion simulation for optimal ship routing of a bulk carrier in rough seas

Accurate estimation of ship motions is inevitable for safe, economical, and environmentally friendly ship routing. Onboard measurements have been conducted for a bulk carrier in 2010–2016, including eight rough seas in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Rough sea conditions were reproduced using a wave model, WaveWATCH III, with wind inputs from meteorological organizations. Ship performances were evaluated using traditional seakeeping theories, with the main focus being on transverse motion. The 3D frequency-domain Rankine Panel Method (RPM), New Strip Method (NSM), and Enhanced Unified Theory (EUT) were compared. First, roll decay tests and simplified Ikeda's methods of roll damping were applied in each method. Second, the results of the model tests in oblique seas in regular waves were additionally considered for the accurate estimation of ship motions in actual seas. These were validated with measured ship motions in eight rough sea voyages. It was found that errors are smaller in the RPM than those in the EUT and NSM for measured roll and pitch motions in actual seas. The favorable results obtained using the proposed methods may provide a new alternative for optimal ship routing to predict ship roll and pitch motions in rough seas with reliable accuracy and computational efficiency.

Применение численных процедур в оценке волновых нагрузок танкера с учетом слошинга и скорости хода

Object and purpose of research. The investigation considers approaches for inclusion of sloshing and ship speed and discusses their influence on estimation of hull responses to external loads. Materials and methods. The 3D panel method is used to solve a hydrodynamic problem of potential flow around ship hull in regular waves. The sloshing is included by direct modeling of inner tanks also containing potential fluid. The ship speed is taken into account by additional potential of inflow. Main results. Analysis of response amplitude operators (RAO) and bending moments with and without additional factors introduced in the mechanical model. Conclusion. The problem of ship motions in regular waves taking into account sloshing and ship speed was solved in the work process. The influence on responses of the considered mechanical system for taking these factors into considerations is analysed. The applied panel method shows flexibility regarding additional factors of modeling and offers a prospect for further investigation of non-linear effects associated with ship motions in waves.

Employing a Decision Support System (DSS) application system to modify a non-standard wall-mounting electrical panel using a 3D CAD modelling

Flexibility in the design process becomes an absolute necessity in a smart factory in the era of industrial manufacturing 4.0. CAD technology with a 3D modeling capability serves as a backbone in the design process in a manufacturing industry. Here, iLogic serving as an add-on of Inventor software will be combined with a Decision Support System (DSS) to build a DSS application system, namely "Panel Auto System". This system will help an engineer modify a 3D model wall-mounting panel to fulfill a non-standard order from his or her customers. This 3D-model database from various parts of the wall-mounting panel is generated from the 3D modeling. Then, by employing the if/then/else rules in the iLogic, the system can modify a 3D model wall-mounting panel data standard and serves as a geometric 3D model based on the customer’s order. The system works well and has been validated. The efficiency of the modeling process using the "Panel Auto System" increases its time efficiency up to 97,6 % compared to a manual process. Therefore, this system can increase the engineer’s productivity in the design of an in-wall mounting panel, and the customers can get the order of their 3D model faster.