4-hour Period Research Articles

Diurnal measurements of sound attenuation (100 Hz—10 kHz) in a shallow (1-2 m), seagrass (Zostera marina) meadow are impacted by photosynthetic activity and water column height

Seagrass meadows are important habitats that provide a variety of ecosystem services. As the seagrasses photosynthesize, they fill their vascular tissues with oxygen which is also released as bubbles into the water column. Measurements of sound attenuation were made in August 2022 in a shallow (1–2 m water depth) Zostera marina meadow in Shinnecock Bay, New York. Sound sources included tones (100 Hz–2 kHz) transmitted over an 8hour period (0800–1600 local time) and a 10 kHz Fishtek pinger operating over a 3 day period. Hydrophones were placed in the seagrass meadow at ranges of 1, 3, and 7 m from the source to determine attenuation. Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were measured at the study site during the 8 hour tonal source experiment, and solar irradiance and tide level for Shinnecock Bay were obtained for the 3 day study period. Peak to peak sound pressure levels varied by more than 31 dB over a diurnal period for the 10 kHz signals. Sound attenuation of lower frequency tones varied from 9 to 30 dB both with dissolved oxygen (a proxy for photosynthetic activity of the seagrass) as well as water column height.

Direct synthesis of C2-C4 alcohols with methanol and CaC2 by tandem reactions

Methanol (MeOH) and calcium carbide (CaC2) are important platform compounds and many downstream chemicals have been produced from them. However, direct conversion of MeOH to higher alcohols remains a challenging topic due to the absence of β-H in MeOH. In this study, direct synthesis of ethanol (EtOH), n-propanol and isobutanol without the use of metal catalysts and H2 was achieved in one pot at temperatures above 350 °C. After a 6-hour period at 425 °C, the total yield of these alcohols reaches 54.6%. The reaction route was mainly explored via 13C-labeling experiments and an exhaustive analysis on the gas and solid products. The results indicate that the rapid reaction of MeOH with the alkynyl moiety of CaC2 leads to the formation of methyl vinyl ether (MVE). MVE undergoes gradual hydrocracking, resulting in the formation of EtOH and methane, where MeOH severs as the provider of active hydrogen. In subsequent stages, EtOH progressively reacts with MeOH, yielding n-propanol and isobutanol. It is speculated that calcium methoxide (Ca(OCH3)2), a solid product of the CaC2 and MeOH reaction, may potentially exert a catalytic influence by facilitating the dehydrogenation of MeOH and the condensation of EtOH.

Enhanced photocatalytic activities of ZnO/Bi2O3 hollow composites via the Z-scheme mechanism through p–n heterojunctions

Constructing Z-scheme heterojunctions by establishing a unique charge transfer pathway at the interface has garnered growing attention in photocatalytic technology. In this study, a p-n heterojunction of Z-scheme was developed by employing an in-situ annealing strategy following the electrostatic self-assembled chemistry, with n-type ZnO and p-type Bi2O3 as the constituent materials. Upon AM 1.5 G irradiation, the optimal ZnO/Bi2O3(Zn/BO) photocatalysts achieved a remarkable H2-evolution reaction (HER) rate of 458.3 μmol∙h−1, which was 10.5 times higher than that of the original ZnO and 5 times higher than that of Bi2O3, respectively. Moreover, its efficiency in degrading 100 mg∙L−1 rhodamine B (RhB) reached 100% within a 60-minute period. Its rate constant was 24.70 and 11.71 times higher compared to ZnO and Bi2O3, respectively. The proposed Z-scheme mechanism of electron transfer was put forward to explain the observed enhancement in photocatalytic performance, as determined by in-situ XPS experiments. Furthermore, the Zn/BO photocatalyst exhibited exceptional catalytic activity when exposed to visible light (λ > 420 nm). The remarkable cycle stability of the hollow Z-scheme catalyst further suggests its potential for facilitating the industrialization of photocatalytic technology.

Efficient Reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Using the Myoviridae Lytic Bacteriophage vBPaeM MLG

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections pose significant challenges in clinical settings due to their increased resistance to conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria, have emerged as promising agents for combating biofilm-related infections. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a potent bacteriophage with antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. Hospital sewage was utilized to isolate a bacteriophage targeting P. aeruginosa. Quantification of phages was conducted through spot tests and doublelayer agar methods. The stability of the isolated phage was assessed under varying pH and temperature conditions. Furthermore, the bacteriophage's ability to reduce bacterial growth and exhibit antibiofilm activity was evaluated at different Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) levels. The isolated bacteriophage, named MLG, was identified as a member of the Myoviridae family within the Caudovirales order. MLG effectively reduced bacterial growth over a 14-hour period. It displayed tolerance to a pH range of 5 to 9 and temperatures spanning 25 to 60°C. Moreover, MLG demonstrated efficient inhibition of biofilm formation across various MOI levels. Given its demonstrated in vitro capacity for bacterial growth reduction and antibiofilm activity, MLG holds potential for combatting P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. This study suggests a promising avenue for the development of alternative antibiofilm strategies using bacteriophages.

Predicting seizure clustering in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multivariable analysis

IntroductionSeizure clustering, is the most frequently reported adverse event in epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) safety studies which, can also potentiate other adverse events, such as falls, status epilepticus, and increased length of stay. The purpose of this study is to determine variables associated with increased risk of seizure clustering among patients admitted to the EMU. MethodsA retrospective review of patients admitted to the EMU over a two-year period was completed. Data collected included patient demographics, types of epilepsy, seizure frequency, anti-seizure medications (ASMs) and hospital and EMU course including incidence of seizure clustering. ResultsTwo hundred seven patients were included in our study; of these, ninety patients experienced two or more seizures in a 24-hour period (24SC), and 68 patients experienced two or more seizures in a 4-hour period (4SC). Logistic regression analysis associated the absence of long-acting ASM with increased clustering within the 4SC group (p = 0.038). For every additional ASM taken by a patient at home, the odds of seizure clustering increased by 81% in the 4SC group (p = 0.009) and by 61% in the 24SC group (p = 0.022). In addition, patients with a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy had some association with clustering in the 24SC group (p = 0.061). ConclusionOur data showed that long-acting ASMs can be protective against seizure clustering. Furthermore, patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, and those on increased numbers of ASMs, were more likely to experience seizure clustering when undergoing medication withdrawal during an EMU evaluation.

Evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of long-lasting hand sanitizers on skin

The microbicidal efficacy of hand sanitizer formulations is usually measured through standardized quantitative suspension tests and fingerpad tests; these cannot evaluate long-lasting formulations or are impractical due to biological risks, high cost, or time required for testing. With increased numbers of long-lasting microbicidal activity claims of commercially available hand sanitizers, alternative testing strategies are required. To explore the use of a standardized ex-vivo pig skin model to reproducibly measure long-lasting efficacy of an alcohol-free hand sanitizer formulation. The microbicidal efficacy of an alcohol-free hand sanitizer was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the enveloped virus SARS-CoV-2 with quantitative suspension tests (EN13727 and EN14476) with a contact time of 5min. The product was then tested over a 6h period using an ex-vivo pig skin model with a modified version of PAS 2424 to simulate the impact of skin abrasion. Quantitative suspension tests yielded a >5 log10 reduction for all organisms tested within a 5min contact time. Pig skin tests showed reduced but consistent efficacy at all time points and indicated no significant impact of abrasion on efficacy. The use of the ex-vivo pig skin model provides a potentially viable and convenient model system to test long-lasting hand sanitizer formulations, providing a path for sustainable hand sanitizer formulation claims of activity on skin.

The epithelial transcriptome and mucosal microbiota are altered for goats fed with a low-protein diet.

Feeding low protein (LP) diet to animals impose severe challenge to animals' immune homeostasis. However, limited knowledge about the underlying adaption mechanism of host and ruminal microbiota responding to LP diet were well understood. Herein, this study was performed to examine the changes in relative abundance of ruminal microbiota and host ruminal mucosal transcriptome profiles in response to a LP diet. A total of twenty-four female Xiangdong balck goats with similar weight (20.64 ± 2.40 kg) and age (8 ± 0.3 months) were randomly assigned into two groups, LP (5.52% crude protein containing diet) and CON (10.77% crude protein containing diet) groups. Upon completion of the trial, all goats were slaughtered after a 16-hour fasting period in LiuYang city (N 28°15', E 113°63') in China. HE staining, free amino acids measurement, transcriptome analysis and microbiome analysis were applied to detect the morphology alterations, free amino acids profile alterations and the shift in host ruminal mucosal transcriptome and ruminal microbiota communities. Firstly, the results showed that feeding LP diet to goats decreased the rumen papilla width (P = 0.043), surface area (P = 0.013) and total ruminal free amino acids concentration (P = 0.016). Secondly, microbiome analysis indicated that 9 microbial genera, including Eubacterium and Prevotella, were enriched in LP group while 11 microbial genera, including Butyrivibrio and Ruminococcus, were enriched in CON group. Finally, in terms of immune-related genes, the expression levels of genes involved in tight junction categories (e.g., MYH11, PPP2R2C, and MYL9) and acquired immunity (e.g., PCP4 and CXCL13) were observed to be upregulated in the LP group when compared to the CON group. Under the LP diet, the rumen exhibited increased relative abundance of pathogenic microbiota and VFA-degrading microbiota, leading to disruptions in immune homeostasis within the host's ruminal mucosa. These findings indicate that the ruminal microbiota interacts with host results in the disruption in animals' immune homeostasis under LP diet challenge.

Early Prediction of Massive Transfusion for Patients With Traumatic Hemorrhage: Development of a Multivariable Machine Learning Model.

Develop a novel machine learning (ML) model to rapidly identify trauma patients with severe hemorrhage at risk of early mortality. The critical administration threshold (CAT, 3 or more units of red blood cells in a 60-minute period) indicates severe hemorrhage and predicts mortality, whereas early identification of such patients improves survival. Patients from the PRospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma Transfusion and Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet, and Plasma Ratio studies were identified as either CAT+ or CAT-. Candidate variables were separated into 4 tiers based on the anticipated time of availability during the patient's assessment. ML models were created with the stepwise addition of variables and compared with the baseline performance of the assessment of blood consumption (ABC) score for CAT+ prediction using a cross-validated training set and a hold-out validation test set. Of 1245 PRospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma Transfusion and 680 Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratio study patients, 1312 were included in this analysis, including 862 CAT+ and 450 CAT-. A CatBoost gradient-boosted decision tree model performed best. Using only variables available prehospital or on initial assessment (Tier 1), the ML model performed superior to the ABC score in predicting CAT+ patients [area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC = 0.71 vs 0.62)]. Model discrimination increased with the addition of Tier 2 (AUC = 0.75), Tier 3 (AUC = 0.77), and Tier 4 (AUC = 0.81) variables. A dynamic ML model reliably identified CAT+ trauma patients with data available within minutes of trauma center arrival, and the quality of the prediction improved as more patient-level data became available. Such an approach can optimize the accuracy and timeliness of massive transfusion protocol activation.

Prophylactic Treatment of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Reduces Mucosal Damage and Improves Intestinal Absorption.

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (i-IRI) involves a blood flow interruption in an intestinal segment followed by blood flow restoration. When blood flow is restored, oxidative and inflammatory molecules are distributed throughout the bloodstream, triggering both local and systemic damage. Our goal was to evaluate the potential of three antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory compounds (curcumin, dexmedetomidine and α-tocopherol) to prevent or reverse local and systemic damage induced by i-IRI. i-IRI was induced by placing a microvascular clip in the superior mesenteric artery of female WAG/RijHsd rats; the clip was removed after 1h and reperfusion was allowed for 4h. Curcumin (200 mg/kg, orally), α-tocopherol (20 mg/kg, i.p.), and dexmedetomidine (5 or 20 µg/kg, s.c.; DEX5 and DEX20, respectively) were administered. Blood and terminal ileum specimens were collected for biochemical and histological determination. Furthermore, D-xylose absorption test was performed to evaluate intestinal absorption; after completing the 1-hour ischemia and 4-hour reperfusion period, 1 mL of aqueous D-xylose solution (0.615 mg/mL) was administered orally, and one hour later, plasma D-xylose levels were quantified. The histological injury degree (HID) measured by the Chiu scale was significantly reduced when the treatments were applied (non-treated rats, 2.6 ± 0.75; curcumin, 1.54 ± 0.8; DEX5, 1.47 ± 0.7; DEX20 1.14 ± 0.5; and α-tocopherol, 1.01 ± 0.6); intestinal absorptive capacity also improved in all cases healthy rats (2.06 ± 0.07 µg/mL; non-treated, 1.18 ± 0.07 µg/mL; curcumin 1.76 ± 0.3 µg/mL; DEX5, 2.29 ± 0.2 µg/mL; DEX20, 2.25 ± 0.26 µg/mL; and α-tocopherol 1.66 ± 0.21 µg/mL). However, it failed to reduce liver enzyme levels. Finally, only dexmedetomidine significantly reduced urea and creatinine levels compared to non-treated animals. All drugs were effective in reducing HID, although α-tocopherol was effective to a greater extent. Only dexmedetomidine reverted intestinal absorption to normal values of healthy animals.

Exploring the Insecticidal and Repellent Activity of Garlic Essential Oil against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Infestation in Stored Maize

The potential of garlic essential oil for its insecticidal and repellent properties against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae was investigated through various bioassays. The results of the contact toxicity assay showed that the mortality rates were dependent on the concentration of the garlic essential oil, and its effectiveness increased with time. This was evident from the decreasing median lethal doses (LC50) over the course of the study, ranging from 7.13 µl/ 20g of seeds (1 DAT) to 3.40 µl / 20g of seeds (5 DAT). The highest repellency rate of 88.89 per cent was achieved with a concentration of 6µl over a 4-hour period. This finding was further supported by the negative preference indices, which ranged from -1.0 to -0.1. With regard to fumigant toxicity assay, the LC50 values decreased as the study progressed, ranging from 4.72 µl /96cm3 (1 DAT) to 1.70 µl/96cm3 (5 DAT). Thus, garlic essential oil can be considered as a potent botanica compound on account of its contact, repellent and fumigant toxicity properties against Sitophilus oryzae. The results of this study underscore the potential of garlic essential oil as a promising compound for the management of S. oryzae.

Data-driven model predictive control of transcritical CO2 systems for cabin thermal management in cooling mode

The transcritical CO2 cabin thermal management system has gained significant attention in the field of electric vehicles due to its outstanding heating performance and environmental advantages. However, ensuring its optimal operation in real-time during vehicle operation poses a challenge. Amongst these challenges, controlling the optimal discharge pressure is particularly difficult. In this paper, we propose a novel model predictive controller that focuses on the cabin cooling mode. The controller utilizes a high-fidelity data-driven dynamic model of the transcritical CO2 system, coupled with a dynamic thermal model of the cabin. By simultaneously controlling the compressor, electronic expansion valve, and indoor fan, the proposed controller enables the cabin thermal management system to operate in real-time at the optimal discharge pressure while ensuring passenger comfort, thereby minimizing the total power consumption of the system. Additionally, two model predictive control strategies, focused on comfort and energy-saving, respectively, are introduced. Through simulations under various conditions over a 6-hour period, comparing the PI controller, the comfort priority model predictive controller reduces energy consumption by 13.33%, and the energy-saving priority model predictive controller achieves a 20.27% reduction. The proposed novel model predictive controller exhibits energy-saving advantages.

Beneficial Effects of Ketone Ester in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial

BackgroundCardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition with sparse treatment options. The ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate has favorable hemodynamic effects in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Yet, the hemodynamic effects of exogenous ketone ester (KE) in patients with CS remain unknown. ObjectivesThe authors aimed to assess the hemodynamic effects of single-dose enteral treatment with KE in patients with CS. MethodsIn a double-blind, crossover study, 12 patients with CS were randomized to an enteral bolus of KE and isocaloric, isovolumic placebo containing maltodextrin. Patients were assessed with pulmonary artery catheterization, arterial blood samples, echocardiography, and near-infrared spectroscopy for 3 hours following each intervention separated by a 3-hour washout period. ResultsKE increased circulating 3-hydroxybutyrate (2.9 ± 0.3 mmol/L vs 0.2 ± 0.3 mmol/L, P < 0.001) and was associated with augmented cardiac output (area under the curve of relative change: 61 ± 22 L vs 1 ± 18 L, P = 0.044). Also, KE increased cardiac power output (0.07 W [95% CI: 0.01-0.14]; P = 0.037), mixed venous saturation (3 percentage points [95% CI: 1-5 percentage points]; P = 0.010), and forearm perfusion (3 percentage points [95% CI: 0-6 percentage points]; P = 0.026). Right (P = 0.048) and left (P = 0.017) ventricular filling pressures were reduced whereas heart rate and mean arterial and pulmonary arterial pressures remained similar. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved by 4 percentage points (95% CI: 2-6 percentage points; P = 0.005). Glucose levels decreased by 2.6 mmol/L (95% CI: −5.2 to 0.0; P = 0.047) whereas insulin levels remained unaltered. ConclusionsTreatment with KE improved cardiac output, biventricular function, tissue oxygenation, and glycemic control in patients with CS (Treatment With the Ketone Body 3-hydroxybutyrate in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock [KETO-SHOCK1]; NCT04642768)

Bioequivalence Study of Salbutamol 400 mg Tablet in Healthy Indonesian Volunteers by Liquid Chromatography Tandem with Mass Spectrometry

This study objective was to determine the bioequivalence of Salbutamol 4 mg Tablet manufactured by PT Kimia Farma Tbk compared to Ventolin® 2x2 mg Tablet manufactured by Glaxo Wellcome Indonesia, in healthy Indonesian volunteer. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated in this study are AUC0-24, AUC0-inf, Cmax, Tmax, and T1/2. The study was conducted in a randomized, single-dose, open-label, two-way crossover design (2 treatments, 2 periods, and 2 sequences) under fasting state with 7 (seven) days washed-out period. The number of subjects who participated in the study were 24 volunteers ((12 males and 12 females). The participants were provided with an overview of the study and signed the informed consent form. The study participants underwent a minimum 8-hour fasting period prior to receiving both the test drug and the reference drug, and blood samples were collected at 14 specified time points: 0 hours (before drug administration), minutes-20, minutes-40, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of the drug were determined by LCMS/MS method. The acceptance criteria for the bioequivalence test are 80.00 - 125.00% for AUC0-t and Cmax with 90% Confidence Interval (CI) with α = 5.00%. The mean SD value of AUC0-24, AUC0-inf, Cmax, Tmax, and T1/2 respectively for test drug is 84.49 ±18.99 ng.mL-1.hour; 89.66 ±21.29 ng.mL-1.hour; 13.85 ±4.25 ng/mL; 2.00 ±0.71 hour and 5.08 ±1.27 hour. The mean SD values of AUC0-24, AUC0-inf, Cmax, Tmax, and C1/2 respectively for reference drug are 88.81 ±26.50 ng.mL-1.jam; 93.78 ±27.97 ng.mL-1.jam; 13.39 ±5.39 ng/mL; 2.63 ±1.45 hour and 5.03 ±1.16 hour. Meanwhile, the geometric mean ratio of test drug to reference drug (90% confidence interval) is 96.35% (90.55- 102.53%) for AUC0-24 and 105.39% (93.62-118.65%) for Cmax. Based on the AUC0-24 and Cmax values, Salbutamol 4 mg Tablet manufactured by PT Kimia Farma Tbk is bioequivalent to Ventolin® 2x2 mg Tablet manufactured by Glaxo Wellcome Indonesia.

Soil hydraulic properties and field-scale hydrology as affected by land-management options

Recurring puddling for long-term rice cultivation forms a plow pan at a particular soil depth, which alters soil hydraulic properties, field-scale hydrology, and nutrient persistence in the soil. This experiment aimed to assess the impact of long-term rice cultivation on root-zone soil hydraulic properties and field-scale hydrology. Soil core samples were collected from four land management options namely, rice‒rice, non-rice, rice and non-rice, and field ridge, at two sites, one with loam and another with silt-loam soil. The soil cores were sampled for each 10 cm layer up to 100 cm depth from three locations of each rotation at both sites. Soil hydraulic parameters were estimated using a pedotransfer function based on the measured bulk density and soil texture. A mathematical model named HYDRUS-1D predicted infiltration, percolation, and surface runoff with the estimated hydraulic properties for three extreme rainfall events, i.e., 3.33, 5, and 6.66 cm hr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, during a 3-hour period. A plow pan was found at 20–30 cm soil depth for all the land management options but not for the field ridge. The plow pan of the rice‒rice rotation had the highest bulk density (1.53 g cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) and the lowest hydraulic conductivity (17.56 cm day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). However, the top 10 cm soil layer in the rice–rice field had the lowest bulk density (0.93 g cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;). At both sites, the field ridge had higher infiltration and percolation and lower runoff than other rotations. The study reveals that the field-ridge area of a rice field can be the main water loss pathway. Phosphorus concentration in the rice-rice rotation decreased from 7.7 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in the 10-cm soil layer to 2.49 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in the 100-cm layer. These findings will facilitate making better water management decisions.

O-121 Temporal development of scores from a time-lapse based artificial intelligence provides no additional benefit compared to the latest score

Abstract Study question Does the temporal development of scores from an artificial intelligence (AI) based embryo selection model provide additional predictive power compared to the latest score? Summary answer Earlier predictions provide no additional predictive power given the latest prediction. Knowing the development of AI scores is thus not beneficial for embryo selection. What is known already Traditionally, embryo grading takes into consideration the final morphology score together with the history of embryo development events. Recent publications have shown that time-lapse based AI models trained on clinical outcomes can automatically rank embryos by the likelihood of implantation that equal or surpass traditional methods, without the necessity for manual evaluation. AI-based methods based on time-lapse data may account for the impact of the full temporal development on likelihood of implantation. In this study, we examine if the addition of previous scores adds to the performance of an embryo selection model. Study design, size, duration A retrospective multicenter study of transferred embryos (n = 2422) with known implantation data (KID) between 2012-2020 from 21 international clinics. Embryos were cultured in EmbryoScope time-lapse incubators for at least 5 days. Both single and multi-embryo transfers in fresh and warmed cycles were included. Embryos were classified as positive (KIDp) or negative (KIDn) by the presence of fetal heartbeat. Implantation likelihood was evaluated at cleavage- and blastocyst stages by a 3D CNN model; iDAScore v2.0. Participants/materials, setting, methods A kernel-based conditional independence test was used to evaluate if a score at x hours post insemination (hpi) provide extra information compared to a score at y hpi. The test estimates the likelihood that a prediction after x hpi does not provide any additional information with regards to predicting KIDp when a prediction after y hpi is available. These likelihoods (p-values) were Bonferroni corrected to adjust for multiple comparisons. Main results and the role of chance KIDp predictions were computed for all embryos at 40, 44, 64, 68, 112, and 116 hpi corresponding to early and median time of transfer for day 2, 3, and 5. For all time points, the conditional independence test showed that there was no added information from knowing predictions at an earlier time point (p &amp;gt; 0.21). Similarly, it was tested if a known later prediction will improve model performance for an earlier prediction. This was always the case (p &amp;lt; 0.01) except for predictions close in time (68 vs 64 hpi; p = 1.0) and (44 vs 40 hpi; p = 1.0). This may reflect that there was little additional embryo development information during a 4-hour period at this development stage. The above shows that knowledge of the temporal score development does not improve model performance compared to using latest available score. This means that an AI model based on time-lapse videos likely considers earlier embryo development events in the context of the entire development history. Limitations, reasons for caution This study is a retrospective study that only looks at AI based on time-lapse videos. There is a potential bias as the embryos were likely of higher quality having been chosen for transfer. It is possible that the results do not generalize to simpler non-3D CNNs. Wider implications of the findings Knowing the temporal score development can introduce subjectivity that might lower implantation rates as the earlier scores were shown to not provide any significant prediction improvement. Trial registration number not applicable

106-LB: Postprandial Glucose Management among Adults Living with Type 1 Diabetes Using Single-Hormone and Dual-Hormone Automated Insulin Delivery Systems

Introduction: Despite the rapid advances of diabetes technologies, postprandial glucose management remains a challenge for people living with type 1 diabetes (pwT1D). We aim to assess the efficacy of single-hormone (SH) compared to dual-hormone (DH) automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in postprandial glucose management. Methods: Post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled crossover inpatient trial including three standardized meals (taken at 8am, 12 pm, and 5pm) during a 24-hour period, comparing SH-AID and DH-AID among pwT1D. Data from meals of each participant was pooled. Primary outcome was time in range % (TIR%, 70 to 180 mg/dL), calculated by continuous glucose monitoring during the 4-hour postprandial period. Paired t-test was used to compare the two groups. Results: Eighteen adult participants were included (mean age [SD] 43 [14] years, mean duration of T1D 20 [11] years, mean HbA1c 7.6% [1.0], mean daily insulin intake 26.70 [11.04] units). Postprandial TIR% was similar between SH and DH-AID (66.4% vs 70.2%, p=0.443). Less time in postprandial hypoglycemia (&amp;lt;70 mg/dL) was observed in the DH-AID group compared to SH-AID (5.4% vs 11.9%, p=0.019). No difference was observed in postprandial time spent in hyperglycemia (&amp;gt;180 mg/dL), glycemic variability indices or insulin intake between the two groups. Conclusion: Compared with SH-AID, DH-AID reduces postprandial hypoglycemia, while other postprandial glucose metrics remain similar among adult pwT1D. Disclosure M. Lebbar: None. J. Molveau: None. V. Boudreau: None. R. Rabasa-lhoret: Consultant; Dexcom, Inc., Abbott, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Sanofi, Lilly, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Insulet Corporation. Z. Wu: Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company.

1660-P: Lactate Inhibits Lipolysis in Healthy Males—A Randomized Crossover Trial

Background: The intermediary metabolite lactate has signaling capacities through the lactate specific receptor GPR81/HCA1. Ex-vivo, lactate inhibits lipolysis through GPR81, but in-vivo human data are scarce. Lactate-mediated inhibition of lipolysis could improve insulin sensitivity. The aim of the study was to investigate if hyperlactatemia at physiological concentrations inhibits palmitate lipolysis and affects glucose metabolism in healthy males. Methods: In a randomized cross-over design, eight healthy men were studied after an overnight fast on two occasions 1) during a sodium-lactate infusion (LAC) and 2) during a NaCl infusion (CTL). Both study days comprised a 3-hour basal period followed by a 3-hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) period. Lipolysis rate and endogenous glucose production (EGP) were evaluated using [9,10-3H]-palmitate and [3H]-glucose tracers. Average glucose infusion rate (mg/kg/min) during the last 30 min of the HEC (M-value) was used as a measure of insulin sensitivity. Data are mean±SD Results: Plasma lactate increased to 2.6 ±0.6 mmol/L during LAC vs. 0.8 ±0.3 mmol/L during CTL (p&amp;lt;0.001). At the end of the basal period, palmitate flux was 30% lower during LAC compared with CTL (84 ±32 μmol/min vs. 120 ±35 μmol/min, p=0.003). At the end of the HEC, palmitate flux was similarly suppressed during both interventions (p=0.7). Plasma FFA were lower during LAC compared with CTL (0.2 ±0.1 mmol/L vs. 0.3 ±0.1 mmol/L, p=0.03) at the end of the basal period and equally suppressed during both interventions at the end of the HEC (p=0.7). EGP was unaffected by LAC compared with CTL at the end of the basal period (p=1.0) and suppressed at the end of the HEC during both interventions (p=1.0). M-value was unaffected by LAC compared with CTL (p=0.8). Conclusion: Lactate inhibits palmitate lipolysis by 30 %, an effect which per se may improve insulin sensitivity. Hyperlactatemia did not affect EGP or insulin sensitivity, possibly because lactate intrinsically may induce insulin resistance. Disclosure M.G.B.Pedersen: None. N.Rittig: Research Support; ARLA. E.Søndergaard: None. L.C.Gormsen: None. N.Møller: Other Relationship; Aarhus University/Ketlace.

Post-Ultraviolet-Curing Process Effects on Low-Velocity Impact Response of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Parts

In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) parts produced with the 3D fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique were cured with ultraviolet irradiation (post-UV-curing) after production, and the low-velocity impact behaviour of the parts was experimentally investigated. Accordingly, PLA parts were subjected to post-UV-curing at 15-, 30-, 45-, and 60-minute periods. The impact behaviour of the specimens produced with production parameters of 200 °C printing temperature, 0.2 mm layer thickness, 50 mm/s printing speed, 100% infill rate, and 45° raster angle was compared with the raw specimens after the post-UV-curing process was applied. As a result of the impact tests, peak force, peak displacement, peak energy, and puncture energy values were obtained from the force-displacement graphs. It has been revealed that the post-UV-curing implementation increases the peak force values of PLA specimens and decreases the displacement values compared to the raw specimens. All specimens' impact behaviour improves with the post-UV-curing process; however, a decreasing trend is entered after 30 min.

Concordancia entre las ecuaciones de estimación del filtrado glomerular y el aclaramiento de creatinina en orina de 4 horas en pacientes críticos con trauma grave

Background and objectiveThere is a growing body of evidence that the equations used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are not suitable in critically ill patients, a population whose GFR fluctuates continuously. Glomerular filtration is usually estimated by measuring urine creatinine clearance (CrCl) at various time points. The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of the most widely used GFR calculators in the subpopulation of critically ill patients admitted for severe trauma, and to compare the results against determinations of CrCl in urine collected over a 4-hour period (4h-CrCl). Material and methodsObservational study in patients hospitalized for severe trauma. We measured the 4h-CrCl and estimated GFR using the Cockcroft-Gault, modified Jelliffe, MDRD, t-MDRD, and CKD-EPI equations, adjusting the results for body surface area (BSA) (ml/min/1.73m2). Data were analysed using R version 4.0.4. ResultsA total of 85 patients were included. Median age was 51years, and 68 were men (78.82%). The mean BSA-adjusted 4h-CrCl (4h-ClCr/1.73m2) was 84.5ml/min/1.73m2. We found that GFR estimated using the t-MDRD equation correlated significantly with 4h-CrCl/1.73m2. The Cockcroft-Gault equation correlated significantly with 4h-CrCl/1.73m2 when GFR was greater than 130ml/min/m2. ConclusionsIn ICU patients, glomerular filtration can be reliably estimated by determining urine CrCl, but GFR calculators are not accurate in this population.

The Physical Compatibility of Glycopyrrolate and Rocuronium.

Scientific evidence has rarely, if at all, been reported in the literature demonstrating analytical confirmation of the physical compatibility and stability of glycopyrrolate and rocuronium combined. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if glycopyrrolate and rocuronium are physically compatible. Glycopyrrolate and rocuronium were combined in various containers, observed over a 60-minute period, and compared against positive and negative controls. Measured metrics included color change, precipitate formation, Tyndall beam test, turbidity, and pH. Statistical analyses were used to assess significance of data trends. The combination of glycopyrrolate and rocuronium did not result in any color change, precipitate formation, a positive Tyndall beam test, or a significantly positive turbidity and did not result in any significant change in pH, regardless of container. Per the protocol used in this study, glycopyrrolate and rocuronium were determined to be physically compatible.