1st Report Research Articles

Sea Level Rise in Europe: Summary for Policymakers

Abstract. Sea level rise (SLR) is a global concern for low-lying coastal areas, including many European coasts. The European Knowledge Hub on Sea Level Rise (KH-SLR), a collaborative effort by the Joint Programming Initiatives for “Connecting Climate Knowledge for Europe” (JPI Climate) and for “Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans” (JPI Oceans), has developed the 1st Assessment Report (SLRE1) to address the challenges posed by SLR in Europe. The report's target audience includes national and subnational bodies focused on research and policy advice for coastal management and climate adaptation, as well as European experts who contribute to shaping policy frameworks and collecting information at a pan-European scale. This report, preceded by a series of targeted surveys and workshops with researchers and stakeholders (e.g. coastal decision-makers), has synthesized the current scientific knowledge on SLR drivers, impacts, and policies at local, national, and European basin scales. It provides in-depth and basin-specific analyses on local sea level changes, compared with relevant global assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In addition, it identified critical knowledge gaps needed to support the development of actionable information. The Summary for Policymakers (SPM) distils the key findings of the SLRE1, presenting information specific to the six European basins: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea, Atlantic, and Arctic. The SPM highlights basin-specific trends, vulnerabilities, and potential impacts, while also orienting future requirements.​​​​​​​

A Novel’s Evidence of MSG-Induced Craniofacial Defects in Chick Embryo Models

Monosodium glutamate (MSG), commonly used as an additive food enhancer, has been reported to have teratogenic effects on the embryo during development. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of MSG-induced teratogenicity, focusing on craniofacial formation in the chick embryo model. One hundred eighty fertilized eggs were divided into control and MSG groups. The chemicals were administered, and the results were investigated in 3-day-old embryos (ED-3), ED-6, and ED-10. The morphology and histology of craniofacial structures were studied using a stereomicroscope and light microscopy. The neural crest cells (NCCs) were investigated by the immunostaining technique. The results showed that a dose of 3 mg of MSG induced anterior neuropore opening and eye malformation in ED-3, and this was clearly demonstrated in ED-6. MSG also caused craniofacial bone malformation and delayed calcification in ED-10. Moreover, MSG induced apoptosis of NCCs and reduced the proliferation of NCCs in the craniofacial structures. These findings are the 1st report to demonstrate the teratogenicity of high doses of MSG-induced craniofacial defects in chick embryos during organogenesis. HIGHLIGHTS Monosodium glutamate exposure causes craniofacial defects in chick embryos. The functions of the neural crest cells were abrogated due to monosodium glutamate-induced teratogenesis, which led to birth defects. The experimental protocols benefit teratogenicity studies, and the results can be applied to future studies to elucidate the causes of birth defects during organogenesis. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A first record of a suspected intestinal myiasis caused by Muscina stabulans (Fallén 1817) (Diptera: Muscidae) in Southern South America.

We report a case of a suspected intestinal myiasis of a child from Southeast Argentina. Diptera larvae were sampled by a physician from the nappy worn by the child and submitted for examination and identification to the Laboratorio de Artrópodos (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata). Based on diagnosis of the anterior and posterior spiracles and mouthparts, the larvae were identified as the false stable fly Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817) (Diptera: Muscidae). A comparison of diagnostic characters between Argentinean and European third instars of this species is presented. Muscina stabulans is a prevalent species in the district of General Pueyrredón, Buenos Aires province, where the case occurred. Its abundance in the area coincidentally peaked at the time of the infestation. This is the 1st report of M. stabulans as a suspect of intestinal myiasis for the whole of the southern cone of South America (Chile and Argentina).

Study on Prediction of Workpiece Edge Quality in Face Milling (1st report)

Study on Prediction of Workpiece Edge Quality in Face Milling (1st report)

Development of 6-DOF Floating Body Motion Reduction System (1st Report)

Development of 6-DOF Floating Body Motion Reduction System (1st Report)

The Role of Chorionicity in Placenta-Related Disorders

Introduction: Twin pregnancy is associated with higher rates of maternal morbidities including gestational diabetes and hypertension. Dichorionic twins are believed to have greater placental mass. Our objective was to study the incidence of two placenta-related disorders: gestational diabetes and hypertension, in dichorionic versus monochorionic twin pregnancies. Methods: Patients’ data of all consecutive twin pregnancies over a period of 12 years were collected from medical records. Data on chorionicity were retrieved from 1st trimester ultrasound reports. Maternal complications including gestational hypertension and diabetes were collected, and incidence was compared between dichorionic and monochorionic twin pregnancies. Records lacking chorionicity data and cases with pregestational diabetes were excluded. Results: A total of 960 twin pregnancies, 121 monochorionic and 839 dichorionic, were included. Average maternal age did not differ significantly between the groups. The median gestational age at delivery was 36.0 weeks in monochorionic and 36.7 in dichorionic twins. Primiparity (40.4% vs. 23.1%, p < 0.001) and the rate of infertility treatments (51.5% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001) were both more common in the dichorionic group. The incidence of gestational hypertension disorders was 14% in monochorionic versus 11% in dichorionic twins (p = 0.36). Gestational diabetes was more common in dichorionic compared to monochorionic twins (9.4% and 2.5%, respectively); however, logistic multivariate analysis showed that gestational diabetes was highly correlated with maternal age (p < 0.001) and infertility treatments (p < 0.001) but not with chorionicity (p = 0.136). Conclusion: Our results may imply that greater placental mass does not increase the risk for gestational hypertension and diabetes. This might support the role of additional multiple maternal factors associated with these complications.

Ethyl Acetate Extracts Endophytic Fungi from the Medicinal Tree Fern Cyathea Contaminans (Hook) Copel with Antimicrobial Activity

Medicinal plants are a rich source of naturally occurring substances utilized in treating a wide range of diseases; as a result, they serve as the basis for discovering new drugs. Research has focused on the relationship between endophytic microorganisms and host plants, as they produce a variety of secondary metabolites with significant biological functions. This study aimed to extract the endophytic fungi from various plant parts, including the roots, barks, and leaves of the Cyathea contaminans (Hook) Copel, which was collected from Kerinci, Jambi, Indonesia. By employing direct planting and pouring techniques with fungal culture media, the fungi were separated from the roots, stems, hairs, and leaves of C. contaminans and grown on rice media. The secondary metabolite of the fungus was extracted using ethyl acetate. The extracts were then tested for antimicrobial activity using a disk diffusion assay against microbial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This research yielded 19 endophyte fungi. In the antibacterial activity screening results, four fungal strains (CBK3, CDK1, CDK4, and CAK2) were active against S. aureus, MRSA, and E. coli, with an inhibition zone in the range of 15.08 ± 0.854 to 23.52 ± 0.87 mm. All active fungal isolates were identified molecularly. CBK3 and CDK1 were Paecilomyces subglobosus PP510226 and Penicillium citrinum PP510227, respectively, while CDK4 and CAK2 were comparable to Aspergillus terreus PP510229 and Aspergillus terreus PP510228. The four endophytic fungi of Cyathea contaminans may be a new source of antibacterial compounds. HIGHLIGHTS This is the 1st report of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal tree fern Cyathea contaminans origin from Sungai Bungkal, Jambi, Indonesia. The four potential endophytic fungi that were successful in purification namely, Paecilomyces subglobosus, Penicillium citrinum, and Aspergillus tereus, which were reported as the source of bioactive compounds Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal tree fern Cyathea contaminans showed good activity on some pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Immediate and Successful Management of Avulsed Teeth: A Case Reports

Avulsion and midroot fractures of teeth present significant challenges in dental trauma management. These case reports outlines the successful management of avulsed after a lapse of 2hrs in 1st case report and 24hrs in 2nd case report and midroot fractured tooth, focusing on immediate steps, long-term strategies, and clinical considerations. Midroot fractures often present with compromised structural integrity, necessitating stabilization and protection of the tooth to prevent further damage. Splinting techniques stabilize the tooth and promote healing of periodontal tissues. However, careful monitoring is crucial to assess for potential complications such as inflammatory root resorption and external root resorption. In both the cases extraoral root canal treatment was done for avulsed tooth and then reimplanted into the socket and stabilisation was done using splinting. Followup up was done at regular intervals of one and 3 months which showed no resorption or perapical changes, lack of clinical symptoms In conclusion, the management of avulsed and midroot fractured teeth requires long-term treatment strategies. Favorable outcomes can be achieved, preserving tooth function, and esthetics in patients with traumatic dental injuries.

Bacteriophage Therapy Against Antimicrobial Resistant Crisis

The most common virus on the earth is bacteriophage (or phages) that are present in all organisms. Their classification is currently being evaluated based on the phage's unique and antibacterial properties. The phage replicates within the host through a lytic or lysogenic process following infection and use of a bacterial cell machine. Phage has become an effective therapeutic drug against pathogens after twort and Filex d'Herelle discovery of bacteriophage in the 1900s, and subsequent research has been conducted. Nevertheless, bacteriophage therapy has become an unavoidable option for research due to the recent occurrence of bacterial antibiotics resistance. Around fifty years after antibiotic were found, antibiotics resistance is key risk for health care. Antimicrobial resistance is a rising big issue in global healthcare. The WHO, 1st report on antimicrobial resistances globally, has emphasized the threat of a forthcoming post antibiotics age, where little infection could be not treatable and once again will be fatal. Considering the present condition, producing therapeutic agent that are complementary to antibiotics play great role to fight against antibiotic resistance. The crisis requires development and implementation of new therapeutic agents against infections and phage therapy is suitable to control infectious diseases because safety of phage therapy. There is a perception with regards to phage therapy that phages are usually safe, on the bases of fact that they are ubiquitous in nature and our continued contact to phages in the environment and furthermore that they are widely used without adverse effects in many of the world. with this positive interpretation, the application of phage therapy must be verified by current research studies. bacteriophage preparations contain detrimental substances, such as toxins of gram-negative bacteria, during the formulation process of bacteriophage and that can be remove by different purification methods. Phages effects normal flora GIT negligibly due to specificity in nature and they infect only a small number of bacterial species.

PB1289 Real-World Data of Hemophilia A with Inhibitor Patients Using Emicizumab - 1st Report in Korea

PB1289 Real-World Data of Hemophilia A with Inhibitor Patients Using Emicizumab - 1st Report in Korea

Fatigue assessment of ship structures based on equivalent wave probability (EWP) concept (1st report): Proposal of EWP concept and its verification by 8600TEU container ship's onboard hull monitoring

A long-term fatigue assessment method based on EWP concept is proposed. ‘Equivalent wave probability (EWP)’ is the fictitious (HS, Tm)'s joint probability distribution function (JPDF), for which the frequency distribution of the stress variance R2, f(R2), calculated by spectral fatigue assessment agrees with the observed one. By choosing probability function p(R2) to fit f(R2), the R2's statistical model (R2SM) which represents the relation between the EWP parameters and R2's population parameters is developed, and the Bayesian inference, which can estimate the EWP parameters from the measured R2 data is developed. The EWP at the reference position (RP) can be determined by Bayesian inference from the measured R2 through the R2SM at RP. To accurately estimate the measured f(R2) at the target position (TP) from the EWP at RP, an R2SM correction factor at TP, denoted by αTP, is introduced in the process of assimilating R2SM. The resulting R2SM, which has been assimilated by Bayesian inference using measured data, is referred to as data-assimilated R2SM (DAR2SM). The fatigue assessment using EWP at RP as the input of DAR2SM at TP is called Bayes-EWP-DAR2SM analysis. The validity of Bayes-EWP-DAR2SM analysis is verified by using the long-term (about four years) multi(12)-position hull monitoring (HM) data of an 8,600TEU container ship. The fatigue damages estimated by Bayes-EWP-DAR2SM based solely on the stress history of a single sensor are in agreement with measurements with sufficient accuracy, independent of the chosen data assimilation period. This demonstrates that the multi-position fatigue assessment solely through HM at one RP based on EWP concept is realized.

Local design and manufacturing of patient-specific implant using Anatomage Medical Design Studio software: proof of concept - Botswana’s 1st case report

BackgroundBotswana, like most sub-Sahara African nations, uses conventional orthopaedic implants that are sourced from major manufactures in the West. The implants are mass-produced and designed with universal configurations to fit an average patient. During surgery, surgeons thus sometimes bend the implants to match the individual bone anatomy, especially for paediatric patients and those with unique deformities, thus risking implant failure. The purpose of this project was to show the feasibility of developing safe and effective patient-specific orthopaedic implants in a low-resourced market.MethodsCT Scan slice files of a paediatric patient with Ollier’s disease were used to reconstruct the lower limb anatomy. The resultant files were 3D printed into prototypes that showed severe right knee valgus deformity. The surgeon used the prototype to plan for corrective femoral osteotomy and the required implant. The implant design and planned surgery were subsequently simulated on the Medical Design Studio software for proper fitting before final implant printing. Surgery was then performed, followed by 12 weeks of physiotherapy.ResultsPost-surgical x-rays demonstrated good implant positioning and knee joint alignment. At 18 months of post-surgical follow-up, the child was pain-free, could perform full squats, and ambulation was near-normal, without the use of an assistive device.ConclusionsIt is feasible to develop effective, patient-specific implants for selected orthopaedic cases in a low-resourced country. This work could improve surgical and rehabilitation outcomes for selected paediatric patients and those with severe bone deformities.

Determination of antibiotic resistance profile of bacterial community from environmental water using antibiotic-resistant bacterial contamination detection (ABCD) kit

Quick and easy monitoring approaches are needed to assess sources, clinical relevance, and incidences of antibiotic resistance in environmental bacterial communities. In the present work, antibiotic-resistant bacterial contamination detection (ABCD) kits were developed for the same. The method was standardized with strains of Escherichia coli TS7, Staphylococcus arlettae HWI8, Enterococcus faecalis HWI19, and Aerococcus viridans HWII16 with known antibiogram using six clinically important antibiotics. The method was verified with different water sources having different physicochemical parameters successfully. Only 1 ml of sample water is required to be mixed with an optimized concentration of the antibiotic solution and incubated for 6h; subsequently, a color change to pink may be observed within a specified amount of time upon the addition of the bacterial detection PVDF membrane to monitor the presence of resistant bacteria. There is no color change in the case of antibiotic-susceptible bacterial communities or the absence of a resistant community. Moreover, the time taken for color change is inversely related to the magnitude of the antibiotic-resistant communities in terms of enumeration. Up to our understanding, this is the 1st report which can determine an antibiotic-resistance profile of any water source by observing only color change within a maximum of 7 h (6 h for co-culture of bacteria and antibiotics + 1 h for color change detection) time without the aid of any microbiology laboratory or skilled manpower.

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG LEADING TO MALIGNANT CARDIAC TAMPONADE DUE TO LARGE CARDIAC METASTASES

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG LEADING TO MALIGNANT CARDIAC TAMPONADE DUE TO LARGE CARDIAC METASTASES

Flocculating microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI) improves its hydrodynamic properties for wastewater treatment

Microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI) powder is dense due to the presence of metallic iron (Fe(0)). Herein, we show that the dense mZVI has several hydrodynamic problems in wastewater treatment unit operations (WTUO), and an mZVI modification method using inorganic floc is proposed and studied to solve the problems. Specifically, mZVI particles are flocculated using Fe(OH)2 or Al(OH)3 floc, forming a mZVI-floc combination ((mZVI)a(floc)b) in which mZVI is embedded in the floc. The (mZVI)a(floc)b is then characterized at hydrodynamic conditions simulating those of large-scale WTUO (e.g., mechanical mixing and gravitational settling). The study demonstrates that 1) the combination is better in mixedness during the mixing, in settleability during the settling and in fluidity in the concentrated form; 2) the mZVI remains embedded in or attached to the floc during the mixing. The study also provides physical and rheological data about the (mZVI)a(floc)b, such as size, bulk density and apparent viscosity. The improvement in hydrodynamic properties is attributed to the low particle density after the flocculation, which is less than one tenth to that of the bare mZVI. Comparative experiments show no reactivity inhibition of the floc on the embedded mZVI. The recommended floc/mZVI molar ratio for practical use is ≥0.5:1, with the influent pH adjusted to ∼6.2 (for Al(OH)3) or ∼8.9 (for Fe(OH)2); it is also suggested that these operating parameters can be determined on a case-by-case basis via bench- and/or pilot-scale experiments studying the treatment efficiencies and evaluating the overall treatment cost. The flocculation method makes mZVI more adaptable to the large-scale wastewater treatment applications (e.g., the treatment plant retrofitting). The work is also the 1st report about mZVI hydrodynamics for wastewater treatment and provides study methodology for this topic.

IS THIS PHILOPATRY OR DISPERSAL IN FEMALE BOREAL OWLS?

Four cases of female Boreal Owls (Aegolius funereus) recaptured within varying distances of their natal or breeding sites are reported. We considered 3 recaptures within the natal or breeding neighborhood to be philopatry (site fidelity), and 1 case as dispersal. One banded female was recaptured as a 2y old, 3.4 km from her natal box. We considered this philopatry. She was later recaptured 15.8 km from her 2nd breeding site, and we considered this breeding dispersal. She lived at least 5 y, but we did not know her whereabouts in all years. A 2nd female banded as a nestling was recaptured 2.0 km from her natal box, breeding as a yearling (11 mo). We considered this natal philopatry. A 3rd female, previously banded as a breeding adult, was recaptured 2 y later breeding 2.5 km from her initial site of banding. We considered this philopatry. She was at least 4 y old. The 4th female was recaptured 3.6 km from her initial breeding box. We considered this philopatry. She was recaptured again the following year in the same nest box as her 2nd nest site. We considered the use of this same nest site philopatry. She was in her 5th calendar year. Our records are perhaps the 1st reports of natal philopatry and age of 1st breeding for female Boreal Owls in North America, and contribute additional records of female site fidelity and dispersal.

Studyon dangers concerning hazardous substances generated at fire scenes (The 1st report)

海外において，火災で発生する有害物質に曝される消防隊員は，将来的に健康を害するリスクを有しているとされており，それを低減するための対策が既に講じられている．当庁では，火災現場で発生する有害物質の中毒性を中心に検証し，必要な対策を提言した実績があるものの，発がん性の観点から検証した実績は乏しい．本検証では主として，発がん性を有する揮発性有機化合物（以下「VOC」という．）であるベンゼン（以下「BZ」という．）発生時の火災環境とBZ濃度の関係等を検証した．また，その実験結果の裏付けをとるため，実際の火災現場における検証も実施した．その結果，火災現場ではVOCが発生し，火点室内や可燃物が高温になるほどBZの発生量が多いことが明らかとなった．

水圧計測による波浪中船体構造応答の推定手法

It is important for the design of the safe hull structure to grasp the hull structural response in waves. A seakeeping test by using a flexible ship model is carried out to clarify hull structural response in waves. But it is difficult to design and deal with a flexible ship model. In this study, the estimation method available to a rigid ship model for hull structural response is proposed. First, hydrodynamic pressure in the hull surface is measured by conducting a seakeeping test. Next, the hydrodynamic pressure is interpolated in the whole hull surface considering the hydrodynamic pressure distribution near the draft. Finally, the hydrodynamic pressure distribution is used as load and finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out. Inertial force is considered by using the inertia relief method. The hull structural response in waves can be obtained from FEA results. In this 1st report, a seakeeping test is carried out, and the vertical bending moment (VBM) is estimated by using the proposed method. An acrylic flexible ship model is used in the test to measure the hydrodynamic pressure on the hull outer surface and hull strains at many points by using the fiber Bragg gratings sensors. VBM obtained by the proposed method is good agreement with one obtained by the measured strains.

Evaluation of large deflection response of circular mesh tubes (1st report: without considering the effect of the ovalization)

Evaluation of large deflection response of circular mesh tubes (1st report: without considering the effect of the ovalization)

Micromechanical Analysis for Macroscopic Elastic Constants and Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Composite Materials Including Double Inhomogeneous Inclusions (1st Report, Derivation of Solutions for Spheroidal Shapes)

Micromechanical Analysis for Macroscopic Elastic Constants and Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Composite Materials Including Double Inhomogeneous Inclusions (1st Report, Derivation of Solutions for Spheroidal Shapes)