1st Control Research Articles

Morphological changes of the exocrine part of the pancreas under immobilization stress on the background of hypothyrosis

Annotation. Stress is a condition that causes the body's cells to use large amounts of energy to acclimate to abnormal environmental conditions. Hypothyroidism affects almost all organs and systems of the body, in particular, the pancreas. The goal of our research is to study the effect of chronic immobilization stress against the background of hypothyroidism on the tissue structure of the exocrine part of the pancreas. The experimental rats were divided into three groups: I – intact animals (10), II – animals with immobilization stress (10), III – animals with hypothyroidism and immobilization stress (10). Hypothyroidism was modeled by daily per os injection using a probe of the pharmacopoeial mercazolil thyreostatics at a dose of 25 mg/kg during the 21 day. Acute immobilization stress was modeled by tying experimental rats in a supine position in 4 limbs without restriction of head mobility for 3 hours. Histological studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Histological preparations were studied using a SEO SСAN light microscope and photo-documented using a Vision CCD Camera with a system of image output from histological preparations. In the 1st control group, the pancreas had a general structure plan of a parenchyme in organ. In the II group, remodeling of the exocrine part of the pancreas, slight disturbances in the structure of the acini, blood vessels, and moderate edema of the connective tissue were observed, compared to the control group of animals. In the III group, more significant changes of the gland were revealed, compared to the II experimental group, manifested by swelling and growth of connective tissue, changes in the shape of the acini, violation and loss of polarity of exocrinocytes, blood-filling of vessels. Thus, under conditions of simulated chronic stress, slight changes in the parenchyma of the gland were detected, and during chronic immobilization stress against the background of hypothyroidism, alterative changes of the gland were detected, compared to the II experimental group.

EFFECT OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MODULATORS ON OXIDATIVE-NITROSATIVE STRESS INDICATORS IN TISSUES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS AFTER LAPARATOMY UNDER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

This study is devoted to investigating the effect of NF-κB and Nrf2 transcription factor modulators on oxidative-nitrosative stress indicators in the tissues of the small intestine of rats after abdominal surgical trauma (laparotomy) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). The study was performed on 35 Wister white male rats weighing 220-250 g, divided into 5 groups: the 1st (control) group included "sham-operated" animals; the 2nd group involved rats, who underwent laparotomy following the LPS-induced SIR modelling; the animals of the 3rd, 4th and 5th groups subjected to laparotomy following LPS-induced SIR and then for 7 days received ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an NF-κB activation inhibitor, in a dose of 76 mg/kg intraperitoneally, dimethyl fumarate, an Nrf2 inducer, in a dose of 15 mg/kg in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide solution, and a water-soluble form of quercetin in a dose of 100 mg/kg that is 10 mg/kg in terms of quercetin, respectively. The measurements were carried out in 7 days after the “sham” surgical operation and laparotomy. It has been found out that the use of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, dimethyl fumarate, and water-soluble form of quercetin in case of the combined effects of surgical trauma (laparotomy) and LPS S. typhi significantly restrains the production of superoxide anion radical by various sources (microsomes and constitutive isoforms of NO-synthase, leukocyte NADPH-oxidase), total and inducible NO-synthase activity, formation of peroxynitrite in the tissues of the small intestine of rats. The study has also demonstrated the ability of dimethylfumarate, unlike ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and quercetin, to improve the constitutive synthesis of nitric oxide under experimental conditions.

Interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Under conditions of prolonged daylight cotton forms a powerful vegetative mass. This slows down the ripening of the pods, which is a signifi cant prerequisite for the use of honey bees in the pollination of this crop. During the season in the cotton-growing zone in the Republic of Uzbekistan bees are transported from six to ten times in special pavilions from one fi eld to another. At the same time cross–pollination increases the yield of cotton crops by two to three times. Cotton honey has a number of distinctive characteristics associated with the presence of essential oil, which gives it special biochemical properties. In 100 g of cotton honey carbohydrates account for up to 80,0 %, less than 1,0 % of proteins in the complete absence of fats. Despite this biochemical composition cotton honey crystallizes. The purpose of the research was to study the interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Experiments have been carried out on fi ve varieties of honey used for wintering of bees including cotton honey. It has been shown that the highest levels of interior indicators at the beginning and end of wintering were recorded when using flower honey (the 1st control group), both with the option of forming nucleus in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and in particular in 3 spaces between honeycombs. Here, the preservation of the reserve substances of the fat body in bees was 3,15 points in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and 3,50 points in 3 spaces between honeycombs, compared with the beginning of wintering the decrease was 21,25 and 12,50 %. At the same time the safety of nitrogen, fat and dry matter in the body of working bees of the described group was also high. In the variants with cotton honey (the 2nd experimental group) the decrease was 3,27 and 3,29 times in nitrogen, 1,93 and 1,9 times in fat, 2,22 and 2,12 times in dry matter, respectively. Despite the fact that sugar honey is poor in chemical elements needed by the body of worker bees, it does not crystallize, and its carbohydrates performing an energetic and plastic function, save bees from starvation during the critical period of wintering.

Digitizing cadastral maps in the Syrian Arab Republic using the ArcGIS software

Under conditions of prolonged daylight cotton forms a powerful vegetative mass. This slows down the ripening of the pods, which is a signifi cant prerequisite for the use of honey bees in the pollination of this crop. During the season in the cotton-growing zone in the Republic of Uzbekistan bees are transported from six to ten times in special pavilions from one fi eld to another. At the same time cross–pollination increases the yield of cotton crops by two to three times. Cotton honey has a number of distinctive characteristics associated with the presence of essential oil, which gives it special biochemical properties. In 100 g of cotton honey carbohydrates account for up to 80,0 %, less than 1,0 % of proteins in the complete absence of fats. Despite this biochemical composition cotton honey crystallizes. The purpose of the research was to study the interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Experiments have been carried out on fi ve varieties of honey used for wintering of bees including cotton honey. It has been shown that the highest levels of interior indicators at the beginning and end of wintering were recorded when using fl ower honey (the 1st control group), both with the option of forming nucleus in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and in particular in 3 spaces between honeycombs. Here, the preservation of the reserve substances of the fat body in bees was 3,15 points in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and 3,50 points in 3 spaces between honeycombs, compared with the beginning of wintering the decrease was 21,25 and 12,50 %. At the same time the safety of nitrogen, fat and dry matter in the body of working bees of the described group was also high. In the variants with cotton honey (the 2nd experimental group) the decrease was 3,27 and 3,29 times in nitrogen, 1,93 and 1,9 times in fat, 2,22 and 2,12 times in dry matter, respectively. Despite the fact that sugar honey is poor in chemical elements needed by the body of worker bees, it does not crystallize, and its carbohydrates performing an energetic and plastic function, save bees from starvation during the critical period of wintering.

The influence of a complex energy and mineral additive on the productivity and morphological and biochemical status of blood in cows

The results of research on the study of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and milk productivity of lactating cows as a result of feeding a complex energy and mineral additive have been presented in the article. In addition to the main ration, animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received an energy additive in the amount of 210 and 220 g, as well as a mineral additive of 40 and 30 g per head/day. The results of the studies showed that the animals of the experimental groups that consumed the energy and mineral complex had normalization of mineral and carbohydrate metabolism. It was noted that the inclusion of a complex energy and mineral additive in the ration of animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups contributed to an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 1,9 and 2,6 %, leukocytes by 12,2 and 13,9 %, hemoglobin by 2,0 and 2,5 %, total protein by 2,3 and 2,7 %, calcium by 6,2 and 12,1 %, phosphorus by 12,3 and 13,6 %, magnesium by 8,2 and 13,4 %, glucose by 2,9 and 5,6 %. Milk yield in the group of cows for 100 days of lactation in the 1st control group was 19700 kg of milk, in the 2nd experimental group it was by 7,9 % more, and in the 3rd experimental group by 10,4 % more. The fat content in the milk of cows of the experimental groups was higher by 0,1 3 and 0,15 abs.%, and protein by 0,07 and 0,09 abs.%. Revenue from the sale of milk in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups increased by 7,9 and 10,4 %, the level of profi tability of milk production by 6,70 and 8,02 abs.% compared to the 1st control group. Consequently, the feeding of the new energy and mineral additive had a positive effect on the physiological state of the animals, allowed to increase the dairy productivity of cows and the profi tability of milk production.

정한경의 당대사 서술 배경과 현실 인식

The goal of this research is to learn about Henry De Young’s persperctive on history through his published book. Henry De Young is an independence activist in America. Henry De Young who was born in 1890, moved to America and earned a master's degree in Nebraska University and a PhD from American University. His master's thesis, titled "The Oriental Policy of the United States," criticized the United States' East Asian policy and Japan's assertive diplomacy. It is notable in that Korea was the first country to reveal to the U.S that it had made treaties with numerous countries before to the Japanese colonial era, and that the invasion of Japan had severed ties with them. In addition, his dissertation based on 5,000 pamphlets and 10,000 magazines was created on the Japanese colonial era “The Case of Korea” which promotes March 1st Movement and Japan's actual colonial control. The despotic Korean colonial rule of Japan was explained with particular examples based on data gathered by Western missionaries in Korea and data published in the journal. Henry De Young not only gave a speech on the subject of the book at her Ph.D. graduation, but also distributed it across the United States. The independence petition made by Henry De Young, the mandate petition, and the brochure issued during the first Korean Congress in Philadelphia all include common terms and expressions. He published “The Russian Came to Korea” in 1947, praising the United States' military presence in Korea while denouncing the Soviet Union's military presence in North Korea. Furthermore, while the military administration of the United States ruled South Korea in a fairly democratic manner, the Soviet Union ruled North Korea in a very oppressive manner, and it held a negative view of communism in South Korea and North Korea's Kim Il-sung. He wrote the original book The American Came to Korea, which he experienced directly, from 1958 to 1963, and it was published after his death in 2000. His critical views on democracy and military rule are presented in this work.

Вплив лапаратомії та ліпополісахаридіндукованої системної запальної відповіді на метаболічні розлади в організмі щурів

This investigation is aimed at studying the effect of abdominal surgical trauma (laparotomy) on markers of surgical stress and acute phase response as well as markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: 1st (control) group included “pseudooperated” animals (the procedure included the administration of anesthesia, epilation, fixation of animals, compression of the skin of the abdomen with Mikulicz’s clamp by one click); the 2nd group included the rats, which were injected Salmonella typhi (in a dose of 0.4 μg/kg body weight 3 times during the 1st week and once a week for the next 7 weeks) before performing the “false operation”; the 3rd group was made up of the rats after laparotomy; and the 4th group involved the rats after laparotomy performed under LPSinduced SIR. The markers were assessed in 7 days following the “pseudo-operation” or laparotomy. The results obtained have demonstrated the combined effect of laparotomy and LPS-induced SIR was accompanied by a significant increase in the marker of surgical stress, the concentration of cortisol in blood plasma, which significantly exceeded the values of the groups 2 and 3 – by 61.8 and 25.1%, respectively. However, the content of acute-phase protein ceruloplasmin, an acute phase reactant, in the serum remained at the level of the 2nd group. Under these conditions, the concentration of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides significantly exceeded the relevant values in the 2nd and 3rd groups. The combined effect of surgical trauma and LPS-induced SIR considerably reduced the activity of constitutive isoforms of NO-synthase, which was significantly lower, by 41.7%, than the value in the group 2, and by 41.7% lower than in the group 3. At the same time, the total activity of this enzyme and the activity of its inducible isoform were consistent with the values of the 2nd group. This was accompanied by the development of decompensated lipid peroxidation (with a considerable decrease in the blood antioxidant potential).

The effect of various additives on milk productivity

Currently, the increase in milk productivity is achieved by using traditional feeds and balancing additives in the diets of cows. The research was carried out in the Altai Krai in the APC "Kirov's Collective Stud Farm" on steppe red breed cows. The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of mineral and vitamin additives on milk productivity; for this purpose, 3 groups of animals were formed. The first group served as the control and received a standard farm ration (SFR), 2nd experimental – SFR and an additive containing vitamins and minerals (VMA) in the amount of 100 g/head per day, 3rd experimental – SFR and an additive containing proteins, vitamins and minerals (PVMA) in the amount of 500 g/head per day. In the course of the research, it was found that providing the SFR with additional PVMA allowed to increase the level of milk yield by 9.3% and by 12.6% in the 3rd experimental group relative to the 2nd and 1st experimental groups. The inclusion of feed additives to the diet had a significant impact on the chemical composition of milk. In the cows of the 3rd experimental group, the maximum butter-fat yielding capacity (4.65%) was noted; it exceeded the values of the 2nd experimental and 1st control groups by an average of 0.10-0.12%. The level of protein and casein in milk was higher in the experimental groups. The highest protein content was observed in the 3-experimental group - 3.28%. The analysis of casein amount indicates that the animals of the 3rd experimental group receiving PVMA reached an indicator value of 2.71%, which was 0.11-0.13% higher than in the 2nd experimental and 1st control groups. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of PVMA in cows' feeding diets provided an increase in milk productivity and improved milk properties.

The influence of the carbohydrate complex “Felucene” K 2-4 and K 2-6 on the beef productivity of steers of Hereford breed

Feed additives in the feeding of growing animals are able to meet their nutritional needs for the manifestation of high productivity indicators, since their main purpose is to optimize the ration of animals for energy, protein, macro– and microelements, vitamins and biologically active substances in accordance with feeding standards. The purpose of the research was to increase the productive traits of steers of Hereford breed, taking into account the consumption, digestibility and use of feed nutrients when consuming the carbohydrate complex “Felucene” K 2-4 and K 2-6. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out in OOO “Berezovskaya farm” in the Pervomaisky area in the Tomsk region. The steers of Hereford breed were divided into 4 groups according to the principle of groups of analogues: the 1st control group received a ration without additives, and the experimental ones (2nd, 3rd and 4th) with additives that were administered according to the developed scheme. In the period from 6 months to one year of age the steers were fed the carbohydrate complex “Felucene” K 2-4 at a dose of 50, 100 and 150 g/head/day, and then up to one and a half years of age the carbohydrate complex “Felucene” K 2-6 at the dose of 100, 150 and 200 g/head/day, respectively, in groups. It was found that the maximum slaughter yield was recorded in animals of the 3rd experimental group, which was 60,9 %, and the minimum was in the 1st control group 59,6 %, the average values were in steers in the 2nd and 4th experimental groups. There was a similar distribution of groups by carcass yield. The predominant position in all slaughter indicators was occupied by young animals of the 3rd experimental group, who consumed the tested drug in doses of “Felucene” K 2-4–100 g/head/ day and “Felucene” K 2-6 -150 g/head/day. Studies have shown that the use of carbohydrate complexes “Felucene” K 2-4 and K 2-6 in the dose of 100, 150 g/head/ day and 150, 200 g/head/day as part of compound feed in the rations of steers during the rearing and fattening period is a reserve for increasing the efficiency of beef production. Moreover, the best economic indicators were observed when feeding the tested additives in the amount of 100 and 150 g per animal per day.

The effectiveness of use of natural zeolites in feeding of young pigs

In order to reduce the number of the main components of compound feed, to realize the genetic potential of the productivity of young pigs, to increase their productivity and to balance feeding diets, it is necessary to use various feed and mineral additives, including natural origin. Such additives include silicon-containing zeolite. The purpose of the research was to establish the optimal dose of silicon-containing zeolite in the recipes of compound feed for young pigs and to identify its effect on the dynamics of live weight and feed expenditures for its production. For the experiment has been carried out three recipes of compound feed with a content of 3, 4, 5 % of the silicon-containing zeolite additive from the mass of the compound feed were developed. In the experiment young pigs of the 1st control group have been received farm compound feed, without the content of silicon-containing zeolite. Animals of the 2nd experimental group have been received experimental compound feed with 3 % of silicon-containing zeolite from the mass of compound feed. Young pigs of the 3rd experimental group have been consumed compound feed with 4 % of silicon-containing zeolite from the mass of compound feed during the experiment. Animals of the 4th experimental group have also been consumed experimental compound feed with 5 % of silicon-containing zeolite from the mass of compound feed. Silicon-containing zeolite was included in the compound feed, replacing grain feed. It was found according to the results of the experiment that the best dose of inclusion of this additive was 3 % of the mass of compound feed. At the same time, it was found that the gain in live weight of pigs in the 2nd experimental group increased by 13,6 %, in the 3rd group by 7,2 %, and in the 4th experimental group decreased by 4,4 %, compared with the 1st control group. Studies have shown that the addition of silicon-containing zeolite to the compound feed fof pigs of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups did not affect the consumption of compound feed, and in the 4th experimental group there was a decrease in the consumption of compound feed. The feed consumption for the live weight gain of pigs in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups decreased by 12,1 %, 6,7 and 0,2 % during the experiment period, compared with the 1st control group.

Selenium Heals the Chlorpyrifos-Induced Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Enzyme Levels in the Rat Tissues.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), mainly exposed by oral, dermal, or inhalation, is a broad-spectrum organophosphate pesticide used in pest control, increasing agricultural productivity, and being considered toxic to living things. Selenium (Se), an essential component of selenoenzymes and selenoproteins, is an essential element that protects cells from oxidative stress and has antioxidant properties. The study aimed to examine the oxidative stress caused by different doses of CPF exposure in brain, liver, and kidney tissues while observing the healing effect of Se application on tissue damage and antioxidant levels. A total of 56 rats were divided into seven different groups: 1st group control (water); 2nd group sham (corn oil); the 3rd group was CPF-L (5.4mg/kg CPF); the 4th group was CPF-H (13.5mg/kg CPF); the 5th group was Se (3mg/kg Se); 6th group was CPF-L + Se (5.4mg/kg CPF + 3mg/kg Se); the 7th group was CPF-H + Se (13.5mg/kg CPF + 3mg/kg Se). The brain, liver, and kidney tissues were obtained from rats sacrificed 6weeks later. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), oxidant, and antioxidant parameters were examined in the tissues. The results suggest that CPF causes neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and renal toxicity by altering AChE levels, inducing lipid peroxidation, and decreasing antioxidant systems. Se treatment increased the activities of AChE and, antioxidant defense system and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. Se was found to heal and also protect these tissues against these changes resulting from CPF exposure.

Selenium-containing drug together with the feed additive Benut in the rations of steers

Currently, there is great interest in the use of selenium drugs in animal husbandry. Chickpea is high-containing in selenium and protein. The feed additive Benut, made on the basis of chickpea, has a high content of selenium. At the same time, its active interaction with proteins was revealed. The purpose of the work was to increase the meat productivity and quality of beef of steers when using the selenium-containing drug DAFS-25 in rations together with the feed additive Benut. In order to conduct the experiment, according to the principle of analogues 3 groups of Aberdeen-Angus steers were formed at the age of 9 months for 15 heads in each group. The duration of the experiment was 172 days including the main period 150 days. In the main period, the steers of the 1st control group received the main ration (MR), the 2nd experimental group received MR + DAFS-25 (1,6 mg/kg of concentrates) and the 3rd experimental group received MR + 0,5 kg/head/day of the feed additive Benut (instead of an equivalent amount of concentrates) + DAFS-25 to ensure the content of selenium as in the ration of animals of the 2nd experimental group. The beef productivity of fattened steers of Aberdeen-Angus breed was studied and also indicators of blood composition, digestibility and assimilation of feed nutrients, beef quality and efficiency of its production, when used in rations of the drug DAFS-25 separately and in combination with the feed additive Benut. Profit from the sale of beef in the 2nd experimental group was received by 84,4 rubles more and in the 3rd experimental group by 574,8 rubles more than in the 1st control group. In the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups the profitability level was 1,2 and 13,2 % higher than in the 1st control group (27,3 %).

The effectiveness of feeding selenium-containing additive on milk productivity, milk quality and reproductive ability of cows

The modern market poses new challenges to feed producers such as control over the general use of antibiotics and veterinary drugs is being tightened, the demand for environmentally friendly products is growing, which will be able to solve the problem of the deficiency of a number of trace elements noted in different regions. We took attention to the possibility of using organic and chelated forms of trace elements obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of plant proteins and reactions with trace elements with high bioavailability and bioactivity, which contributes to an increase in productive indicators and parameters of reproduction ability of the herd and quickly turn into products. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of feeding Selsaf selenium-containing additive on milk productivity, milk quality and reproductive function of cows. The material for the study were the cows of Bessonovsky type of Holstein black-and-white breed, which was bred on the basis of the breeding farm of the collective farm named after Frunze in the Belgorod area in the Belgorod region. Animals of the 1st control group have been received the main farm ration, cows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups were fed with 100, 150 and 200 g of balanced Selsaf feed complex, respectively in addition to the main ration (per 1 head). During the research, the dynamics of milk productivity, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows, reproduction ability caused by the use of selenium-containing drug Selsaf were analyzed, an economic assessment of the effectiveness of its use has been given. It has been found as a result of the conducted research and taking into account the indicators of selenium content in milk, as well as its great biological value, that the most acceptable dosage is 200 g/head/day of the selenium-containing additive Selsaf, which has been used in the 4th experimental group.

EFFECT OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MODULATORS ON CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPID METABOLISM IN RATS AFTER LAPARATOMY UNDER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

This study is devoted to investigating the effect of NF-κB and Nrf2, transcription factor modulators, on markers of surgical stress and acute phase response, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the case of abdominal surgical trauma (laparotomy) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). The study was performed on 28 white Wistar male rats weighing 220-250 g, divided into 4 groups: 1st (control) included "pseudo-operated" animals; 2nd group involved rats, who underwent laparotomy following the LPS-induced SIR modelling; the animals of the 3rd, 4th and 5th groups subjected to laparotomy following LPS-induced SIR then for 7 days received ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an NF-κB activation inhibitor, in a dose of 76 mg/kg, dimethyl fumarate, an N inducer, in a dose of 15 mg / kg in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide solution, and a water-soluble form of quercetin in a dose of 100 mg/kg that is 10 mg/kg in terms of quercetin. The measurements were carried out in 7 days after the false surgical operation or laparotomy. It has been found out that the use of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, dimethyl fumarate, and water-soluble form of quercetin under the combined effects of surgical trauma (laparotomy) and S. typhi LPS significantly reduces the concentration of cortisol in blood plasma and the content of ceruloplasmin in the blood serum, lowers the level of hyperglycemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia.

Effect of various forms and levels of selenium on milk productivity and resistance of lactating cows

The effect of two forms of selenium, inorganic and organic, was evaluated in the study. Lactating cows of the 1st control group were fed 4.9 mg/head/day of inorganic form of selenium, cows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups received organic form of selenium in the amounts of 2.5, 3.7 and 4.9 mg/head/day. Researches show that application of organic form of selenium permits to increase average daily milk yield by 3.3, 12.9 and 10.8% (р < 0.05), while increasing of dry matter concentration in milk by 0.57% (р < 0.05) in comparison with the 1st control group. When administering selenium in organic form 3.7 mg/head/day, there was a tendency to increase in amount of casein and decrease in amount of somatic cells in milk by 0.13% and 33.7 thousand/ cm3 respectively (р < 0.1). A dose of 4.9 mg/head/day of organic selenium contributed to a decrease in amount of somatic cells by 29.3 thousand/cm3 (р < 0.05). Feeding experimental groups with organic form of selenium in different doses had a positive effect on the immune status and antioxidant activity of blood serum. The content of free water-soluble antioxidants (TAWSA) in blood serum was higher by 39.3 and 53.5% (р < 0.001) in cows of the 3rd and 4th experimental groups fed 3.7 and 4.9 mg/head/day of organic selenium. Thus, the use of selenium in organic form is the most effective and allows to reduce the amount of used micronutrient for replenishment of animal needs.

The immunohistochemical investigation of chymase-, tryptase- and ghrelin-positive cells on the lung of rat after an application of Sambucus nigra

Sambucus nigra (S.nigra) is used in the treatment of many diseases and disorders thanks to its antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, immunostimulating, antiallergic, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. Ghrelin has anti-inflammatory effect on oxidative damage in various organs and cell types. The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically examine the chymase, tryptase, and ghrelin in rat lung after S. nigra administration. A total of 16 male rats were used in the study. The rats were assigned to two groups, control and S. nigra. 1st control group (n=8): No application was made. 2nd S. nigra group (n=8): S. nigra extract was administered at 15 mg/kg by oral gavage for 14 days. Tryptase, chymase, and ghrelin-positive cells were found in the lung tissue in a spindle-shaped, round, or oval shape. When the groups were evaluated within themselves, a significant increase in the number of tryptase, chymase, and ghrelin positive cells was observed in the S. nigra treated group. This study showed that S. nigra, which has an immunomodulatory and antioxidant effect, increases the expression of chymase-, tryptase- and ghrelin-positive cells in the lungs. Additionally, based on our findings, it can be said that mast cells can produce, store and release ghrelin.

Ways to improve the quality of livestock products by feeding natural BUMVD

Relevance. More protein is required for the formation of meat than for obtaining high weight gain of pigs, many scientific papers and experimental studies have been devoted to optimizing metabolism and increasing animal productivity through the use of nontraditional sources of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, but there are poorly studied feed products. Soy okara is of scientific interest as a multicomponent proteincarbohydrate-mineral-vitamin supplement (BUMVD). It is of natural origin, non-toxic, urease is not active in it, that is, it does not require special treatment for feeding pigs. In comparison with soy, which contains anti-nutritional substances — toxic substances, trypsin inhibitor and urease, which reduce the use of protein by all kinds of animals, and in monogastric animals can even cause poisoning.Methods. Production tests were carried out for 180 days in the pig farm of the Ulyanovsk region on 1560 pigs. The object of the study was pigs of a large white breed, of different ages and physiological conditions. For physiological experiments, 5 animals per group were selected according to the method of analogues. Single sows were inseminated and the supplement was fed 30 days before the piglets were born. Piglets and suckling sows were kept in individual cages. Weaning was carried out in 45 days. Piglets on cultivation and fattening were kept in a group way. Two groups of animals were formed: the 1st (control) received the main ration (OR), the 2nd (experience) — with BUMVD. The conditions of keeping pigs in the control and experimental groups were the same, the difference between the groups was in feeding, the additive was fed at a dose of 100 to 500 g/head/day according to the scheme.Results. The introduction of natural BUMVD (soy okara) into the diet of pigs contributes to an increase in the level of their productivity: suckling of sows; large-fruited piglets; the intensity of growth of young pigs; improving the meat-sucking qualities of carcasses; reducing feed costs, improving the quality of pork, its energy value.

The use of silos of legume-cereal grass mixtures in the diets of cows as a factor of better use of feed nutrients

Relevance. Silage of the green mass of perennial legumes remains a difficult task due to the high protein and water content. It is possible to obtain from them a feed slightly inferior to the original green mass in terms of energy nutrition and protein content, as well as biologically active substances, only by siloing them in a slightly dried form (30–40% dry matter) using effective preservatives.Methods. To study the digestibility of nutrients of silos of legume-cereal grass mixtures in the conditions of LLC “Garant” of the Belebeyevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, two physiological studies were conducted. According to the principle of pairs of analogues (breed, age at calving, live weight, lactation phase, productivity level), 6 groups of cows of the Bestuzhev breed were selected at the beginning of lactation, 10 heads each. In the first experiment, 20 kg of corn silage was received as part of the diet of cows of the 1st control group, and animals from the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were fed with silage from a mixture of alfalfa and boneless stalk in the amount of 20 and 25 kg, respectively. In the second experiment, animals of the 1st control group received 20 kg of corn silage, and in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, 20 and 25 kg of silage of a mixture of clover and boneless stalk were included in the feeding diet. In the third group of each experiment, the proportion of compound feeds in the rations was reduced by 1 kg per head per day.Results. Studies have shown that the use of silos from legume-cereal grass mixtures in the diets of dairy cows in the amount of 20 and 25 kg instead of the same amount of similar feed from corn increases the digestibility and digestibility of feed nutrients. At the same time, the use of compound feeds in the diets of dairy cows is reduced by 1 kg per head per day, which is of great practical importance in the conditions of a modern market economy.

The influence of sorbents in feeding of pregnant sows on their reproduction traits and the quality of piglets

At present very important and promising is the development of methods to increase the productivity of sows and piglets on the preweaning period when using sorbents in the diet. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of sorbents when feeding pregnant sows on their reproductive traits and the quality of piglets. The work, based on the data of comprehensive studies, provides information on the effectiveness of the use of feed additives Nabicate and Glauconite, and their effect on the reproductive function of sows. In order to set up the experiment, 3 groups of pregnant sows of Large White breed were formed, selected according to the principle of balanced groups. The sows of the 1st control group have been received the main feeding diet adopted by the farm. Animals of the 2nd experimental group in addition to the main diet have been received the additive Nabicate 0,20 %, the 3rd experimental Glauconite 0,25 % of the dry matter of the diet. It has been found that the prolificacy of sows of the 1st control group was at the level of 11,58 heads, which was lower than that of the herdmates of the 2nd experimental group by 1,89 piglets or 16,3 % (P ≤ 0,001) and the 3rd experimental group by 0,47 piglets or 4,0 %. The number of additional weaned piglets received in comparison with the 1st control group was 3,0 heads in the 2nd experimental group and in the 3rd experimental group by 0,6 heads. This allowed us to get an additional profit per sow in the amount of 9,0 thousand rubles in the 2nd group and 1,8 thousand rubles in the 3rd experimental group. It has been established as a result of the conducted studies the positive effect of the sorbents Nabicate and Glauconite on their reproductive traits during feeding of sows, which was confirmed by calculations of the economic efficiency of the conducted studies. It has been proved that the feed additive Nabicate had the best effect in feeding of sows.

Productivity of lactating cows and quality indicators of milk when input an energy additive in the ration

The purpose of the research was to study the productivity of lactating cows and the quality indicators of milk when input in the ration of an energy feed additive. Feeding different amounts of energy feed additive with the same feeding ration to cows after calving contributed to the increase in milk productivity and fat in milk. In lactating cows of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups for 100 days of lactation, milk yields increased by 5,2 and 6,6 %, fat content by 0,09 and 0,11 abs.%, and the amount of protein in milk was within 3,21 %. The expenditures of energy feed units per 1 kg of milk in the experimental groups were 3,2 and 4,7 % less. The study of morpho-biochemical blood parameters in lactating cows when feeding the energy feed additive had an effect on the increase in the number of erythrocytes in the whole blood of animals the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups by 4,6 and 7,3 %, hemoglobin, respectively, by 4,4 and 6,2 % in relation to animals of the 1st control group. The total protein content in the blood of cows in the 2nd experimental group increased by 2,0 %, in the 3rd by 4,5 % compared to the control group. It is obvious that the composition of the energy feed additive when feeding the feed mixture in the ration to lactating cows of a higher dose – 200 g/head/day increased protein synthesis due to lower expenditures of metabolic energy and its entry into the blood. Feeding the energy feed additive to lactating cows at the peak of lactation had the positive effect on the general physiological state and regulation of metabolic processes in animals.