Interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Abstract

Under conditions of prolonged daylight cotton forms a powerful vegetative mass. This slows down the ripening of the pods, which is a signifi cant prerequisite for the use of honey bees in the pollination of this crop. During the season in the cotton-growing zone in the Republic of Uzbekistan bees are transported from six to ten times in special pavilions from one fi eld to another. At the same time cross–pollination increases the yield of cotton crops by two to three times. Cotton honey has a number of distinctive characteristics associated with the presence of essential oil, which gives it special biochemical properties. In 100 g of cotton honey carbohydrates account for up to 80,0 %, less than 1,0 % of proteins in the complete absence of fats. Despite this biochemical composition cotton honey crystallizes. The purpose of the research was to study the interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Experiments have been carried out on fi ve varieties of honey used for wintering of bees including cotton honey. It has been shown that the highest levels of interior indicators at the beginning and end of wintering were recorded when using flower honey (the 1st control group), both with the option of forming nucleus in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and in particular in 3 spaces between honeycombs. Here, the preservation of the reserve substances of the fat body in bees was 3,15 points in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and 3,50 points in 3 spaces between honeycombs, compared with the beginning of wintering the decrease was 21,25 and 12,50 %. At the same time the safety of nitrogen, fat and dry matter in the body of working bees of the described group was also high. In the variants with cotton honey (the 2nd experimental group) the decrease was 3,27 and 3,29 times in nitrogen, 1,93 and 1,9 times in fat, 2,22 and 2,12 times in dry matter, respectively. Despite the fact that sugar honey is poor in chemical elements needed by the body of worker bees, it does not crystallize, and its carbohydrates performing an energetic and plastic function, save bees from starvation during the critical period of wintering.