Ways to reduce the impact of livestock facilities on the environment

Abstract

The results of the study of the impact of livestock facilities on the state of the environment are presented. To ensure environmental safety, pollutant emissions are regulated by implementing environmental protection policies. Therefore, there is a need to develop scientifically sound approaches to improve methods of regulating emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from low-capacity livestock facilities, which determines the relevance of this work. The analysis of the existing researches taking into account the European system of inventory of EMEP («CORINAIR») is carried out. A number of measures have been identified to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from livestock facilities. It is established that for the last 16 years there is a tendency to reduce the number of farm animals, in particular: cattle by 41.4% and pigs by 21.4%. The exception is poultry, which increased by 28.5% during this period. At the same time, as a result of economic activity of livestock facilities such pollutants as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, etc.), phenols, esters, carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones), carbon acids, sulfides and disulfides, mercaptans, amines, carbon dioxide. The efficiency of introduction of entomological method of utilization of organic waste of animal husbandry which allows receiving simultaneously protein of animal origin and organic fertilizers with the improved physical and mechanical properties is established. Pig manure after processing by larvae of flies becomes a valuable organic fertilizer that has a nematodicidal effect. It is especially valuable for indoor use. Application of biohumus to the soil at the rate of 400 g/m2 reduces the number of nematodes and delays its emergence. Thus, obtaining humus is essentially a solution to the problem of using the ecological mechanism of soil fertility restoration. This addresses the issue of humus biotechnology, which is an alternative to soil chemicalization and creates the conditions for biologization and greening of agriculture. Also, one of the ways to reduce the negative impact on the environment is to dispose of waste in agriculture by producing biogas. This allows you to get a fuel mixture of gases with a heat of combustion of about 20–25 MJ/m3 and methane content in the range of 60–75%, as well as reduce the load of polluting gases on the environment.