Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Pig and Cow Manure with a Solar Dried Mixture of Food Waste and Olive Mill Wastewater

Abstract

Biogas production through anaerobic digestion is a well-established practice worldwide combining waste treatment and energy production at the same time. One of the challenges of this technology is to increase the yield of biogas production and secure the disposal of the effluent of anaerobic reactors. It is well known that various organic residues such as cheese whey, olive mill wastewater, as well as food waste from hotel units, could be combined with other materials (animal manures, sewage sludge, etc.) in order to increase biogas production through co-digestion. However, their high seasonal variation and high transport costs is a barrier for their use. Solar drying process can be a very attractive technology for volume reduction in order to decrease the storage and the transportation cost. Moreover using solar energy may well be an alternative solution for reduction of drying process costs. In this study, co-digestion of pig manure (PM) and cow manure (CM) with solar dried mixture of food waste (FW) and olive mill wastewater (OMW), named as biobooster, was studied in an attempt to improve biogas production of existing on—farms plants which co-digest manure with other farm waste. The effect of biobooster in biogas production was investigated using three lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) (3 L working volume) (D1–D3) under mesophilic conditions (37 ± 2 °C) with a hydraulic retention time of 20 days. Initially, all reactors were inoculated with anaerobic sludge originating from sewage treatment plant of the city of Heraklion, and contained 19.6 g/L TS, 10.8 g/L VS and 17.5 g/L COD. Three types of influent feedstock were utilized: D1: PM (95%) + CM (5%) (VSin = 33.58 ± 4.51 g/L), D2: PM (95%) + CM (5%) + Biobooster (1%) (VSin = 41.07 ± 7.16 g/L), D3: PM (100%) + Biobooster (1%) (VSin = 8.48 ± 0.87 g/L). The experiments showed that the addition of biobooster to pig and cow manure significantly increased biogas production by nearly 65% as value of 662.75 ± 172.50 mL/l/d compared to that with pig and cow manure alone (402.60 ± 131.89 mL/l/d). The biogas production in D3 reactor was 242.50 ± 56.82 mL/l/d. This work suggests that methane can be improved very efficiently by adding a small portion (20% increase of VS) of dried agro-industrial by-products in the inlet of digesters of existing on—farms plants.