Two green UV-spectrophotometric techniques applying successive and progressive resolution with new concepts for simultaneous determination of completely overlapping ternary mixture

Abstract

A spectrophotometric platform based on two smart techniques namely Double Divisor ratio difference spectra spectrophotometry (DDRD) and Derivative ratio amplitude difference method (DR-AD) was applied and validated. These techniques were used for determining and resolving the overlapped spectra of the 3 drugs paracetamol (PAR), pseudoephedrine (PSE) and pholcodine (PHO) in their ternary mixture. DDRD is a successive technique while DR-AD is a progressive one. In DDRD, the mixtures’ spectrum underwent division by a double divisor, and then the ratio difference method was applied. For DR-AD, consequent steps were performed to resolve each drug stepwise. DR-AD technique included division using a single divisor. The linearity ranges encompassed 5-25, 100-800 and 5-50 µg/mL for PAR, PSE and PHO, respectively. These methods were conducted according to ICH guidelines to ascertain accuracy, precision, and specificity. The analysis involved varied concentrations of drug mixtures and a pharmaceutical product. Statistical evaluation revealed no notable distinction between the suggested methodologies and those previously documented. Additionally, adherence to green analytical chemistry principles was demonstrated, establishing them as environmentally friendly analytical approaches.