Abstract

TRANSPARENCIA FISCAL: DEVER DO ESTADO E DO CIDADAO NO ESTADO DEMOCRATICO E A EFICACIA DAS POLITICAS PUBLICAS. FISCAL TRANSPARENCY: STATE’S AND CITIZEN’S DUTY TO STRENGTHEN DEMOCRACY AND IMPROVE PUBLIC POLICIES Data da submissao: 03/12/2020 Data da aprovacao: 21/12/2020 RESUMO: o artigo tem o proposito de examinar a transparencia fiscal tanto pelo enfoque do dever do Estado quanto pelo prisma do dever do cidadao, buscando elucidar o motivo pelo qual a transparencia, sob ambos aspectos, e fundamental para a garantia e para a promocao da democracia, bem como a eficacia e equidade das politicas publicas. A pesquisa bibliografica e jurisprudencial realizada, com abordagem qualitativa e com objetivo descritivo e exploratorio, teve finalidade basica estrategica, procurando sintetizar o conhecimento ja existente, aproximando, num mesmo artigo, os dois enfoques da transparencia fiscal. Com atencao a evolucao da transparencia fiscal desde a Constituicao, passando por relevantes aspectos da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, da Lei de Acesso a Informacao e da LC no 105/2001, o texto mostra que o legitimo escrutinio, de lado a lado, diminui a inseguranca e a desconfianca e fortalece o Estado Democratico de Direito, sedimentando terreno para politicas publicas mais eficazes e equitativas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Transparencia Fiscal. Democracia. Sonegacao. Sigilo bancario. Politicas Publicas. ABSTRACT: the article aims to examine fiscal transparency as a duty, both from the point of view of the State as from the point of view of the citizen, elucidating why transparency, in both aspects, is fundamental for guaranteeing and promoting democracy and also to improve public policies. The bibliographic and jurisprudential research carried out, with a qualitative approach and with a descriptive and exploratory objective, had a basic strategic purpose, seeking to synthesize the existing knowledge, approaching, in the same text, the two approaches to fiscal transparency. With attention to the evolution of fiscal transparency, from the Brazilian Constitution through relevant aspects of LC no 101/2000, Lei no 12.527/2011 and LC no 105/2001, the text conclude that the legitimate scrutiny, from side to side, decreases insecurity and mistrust and strengthens a democratic State governed by the rule of law. KEYWORDS: Fiscal Transparency. Democracy. Evasion. Bank secrecy. Politicas Publicas

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