Transition from the Gutenberg Galaxy to the Zuckerberg Galaxy

Abstract

The era of printed books originates from the German city of Mainz, where at the turn of the XIV-XV centuries. Johann Gutenberg was born (according to some scholars, not earlier than 1399, according to others - in 1400; died February 3, 1468). The idea of ​​book printing at that time was quite relevant, and there are different views on the first printers, but it was this German inventor who talentedly solved many technical problems and began mass book printing in Europe. Between 1452 and 1455 he published one of the most famous books of the time, the so-called 42-line Bible, which was called the Gutenberg Bible. It was one of the first incunabula - that's what the books published in the XV century are called, literally "lullabies", ie those that stood near the cradle of book printing.
 The era of electronic books in Europe began in the Ukrainian city of Kiev, where in 1950 Europe's first Small Electronic Computer ("MESM") was developed at the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine under the leadership of Academician S. Lebedev. Thus began the era of computers in Europe, which in half a century led to the global spread of new information technologies, as well as e-books (computers) and magazines.