About Our Authors

About Our Authors

About Our Authors

About Our Authors

About Our Authors

About Our Authors

Ram Bala (“ Competitive Behavior-Based Price Discrimination for Software Upgrades ”) is an assistant professor of operations management at the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad, India. He holds a Ph.D. in management science from the UCLA Anderson School of Management. His main research areas are product line design, promotional effort allocation, global product development, and pricing and contracting strategies for services. His research cuts across disciplinary lines, particularly operations management, marketing, and information systems. Roger Calantone (“ How Peripheral Developers Contribute to Open-Source Software Development ”) is the Eli Broad Chaired University Professor of Business at Michigan State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts. He has served on over 125 dissertation committees and has coauthored numerous articles in academic journals in the areas of innovation, systems and product development, and decision support systems for innovation processes and routines. Jamie Callan (“ The Halo Effect in Multicomponent Ratings and Its Implications for Recommender Systems: The Case of Yahoo! Movies ”) is a professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon's Language Technologies Institute and School of Information Systems and Management. His research and teaching focus on text-based information retrieval, primarily search engine architectures, federated search of groups of search engines, adaptive information filtering, text mining, and information retrieval for educational applications. Paul Chwelos (“ Information Technology and Intangible Output: The Impact of IT Investment on Innovation Productivity ”) was an assistant professor of Management Information Systems at the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia. He received his B.S. from the University of Victoria and a Ph.D. in management information systems from the University of British Columbia. He was an expert in information technology innovation, IT hedonic price indexes, and online commerce. His research has been published in Information Systems Research and the Economics of Innovation and New Technology. Iain Cockburn (“ Information Technology and Intangible Output: The Impact of IT Investment on Innovation Productivity ”) is a professor of strategy and innovation in the Boston University School of Management and is a research associate of National Bureau of Economic Research. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University. His research interests include intellectual property, management of innovation, and the economics of the life sciences sector. Faiz Currim (“ Modeling Spatial and Temporal Set-Based Constraints During Conceptual Database Design ”) is with the department of Management Information Systems at the University of Arizona. Prior to working at Arizona, he was on the faculty at University of Iowa. His research interests include applications in database design and management, conceptual data modeling, data privacy and security, and XML Schema management. Wenjing Duan (“ Research Note: To Continue or Not to Continue Sharing? An Empirical Analysis of User Decision in Peer-to-Peer Sharing Networks ”) is an assistant professor of information systems at the George Washington University. She received her Ph.D. in information systems from the University of Texas at Austin. Her research interests glide the intersections between information systems, economics, and marketing. She has published in MIS Quarterly, Communications of ACM, the Journal of Retailing, and Decision Support Systems; she is also the recipient of the NET Institute Research Grant and serves as the associate editor of Decision Support Systems. George Duncan (“ The Halo Effect in Multicomponent Ratings and Its Implications for Recommender Systems: The Case of Yahoo! Movies ”) is a professor of statistics, emeritus in the Heinz College at Carnegie Mellon University. His research centers on information technology and social accountability. He chaired the panel on confidentiality and data access of the National Academy of Sciences, resulting in the book Private Lives and Public Policies: Confidentiality and Accessibility of Government Statistics. He is a fellow of the American Statistical Association, an elected member of the International Statistical Institute, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. David Fitoussi (“ IT Outsourcing Contracts and Performance Measurement ”) is an assistant professor at the Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine, and a faculty research associate at the Center for Research on IT and Organizations. He holds a Ph.D in management from the MIT Sloan School of Management. Lucio Fuentelsaz (“ Switching Costs, Network Effects, and Competition in the European Mobile Telecommunications Industry ”) is a professor of strategic management at the University of Zaragoza. His primary research interest focuses on understanding competitive strategy decisions and their consequences on firm performance. In recent years, he has studied topics such as firm competitive dynamics, diffusion of innovations, and mergers and acquisitions. He is currently editor of Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa. His research has been published in leading academic journals such as the Strategic Management Journal, Research Policy, and the Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. Nelson Granados (“ Online and Offline Demand and Price Elasticities: Evidence from the Air Travel Industry ”) is an assistant professor of information systems at the Graziadio School of Business and Management, Pepperdine University. He holds a Ph.D. in information and decision sciences, an M.S. and a Ph.D. minor in applied economics, and an MBA from the University of Minnesota. His research on information transparency was awarded Best IS Publication of the Year by senior scholars of the IS discipline and Best Publication of the Year by the Journal of the Association for Information Systems. Bin Gu (“ Research Note: The Impact of External Word-of-Mouth Sources on Retailer Sales of High-Involvement Products ”) is an assistant professor of information management at the McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin. He received a Ph.D. and an M.A. in operations and information management from the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania. His research interests are in user-generated contents, online social networks, virtual communities, e-commerce, and IT business value. He is a recipient of 2008 Information Systems Research Best Published Paper Award. Alok Gupta (“ Online and Offline Demand and Price Elasticities: Evidence from the Air Travel Industry ”) holds the Curtis L. Carlson Schoolwide Chair in Information Management at the Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota. He received his Ph.D. in management science and information systems from the University of Texas at Austin. He has published over 40 articles in the top management science, operations research, economics, and IS journals, and he received the prestigious National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2001 for his research on online auctions. He serves on the editorial boards of Management Science, Information Systems Research, the Journal of Management Information Systems, and Decision Support Systems. Vijay Gurbaxani (“ IT Outsourcing Contracts and Performance Measurement ”) is the Taco Bell Endowed Professor and director of the Center for Research on IT and Organizations at the Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine. He received a master's degree in mathematics and computer science from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, and a Ph.D. in business administration from the University of Rochester. His research has appeared in Information Systems Research, Management Science, MIS Quarterly, and Communications of the ACM. Yun Huang (“ Research Note: To Continue or Not to Continue Sharing? An Empirical Analysis of User Decision in Peer-to-Peer Sharing Networks ”) is a research associate in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences at Northwestern University. He received his Ph.D. in management science and information systems from the University of Texas at Austin. His research focuses on social network analysis, individual behavior in e-commerce applications, and recommender systems. His work has appeared in the Communications of the ACM, New Media & Society, ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, and ACM/IEEE proceedings. Sora Kang (“ Research Note: A Multilevel Analysis of the Effect of Group Appropriation on Collaborative Technologies Use and Performance ”) is currently an assistant professor for the Division of Digital Business, Hoseo University. She has a Ph.D. from the Ewha Womans University in management information systems. Her research interests include adoption and performance of IT, organizational politics and knowledge management, and organizational impact of information technology. Her papers have appeared in the Journal of Computer Information Systems, the International Journal of Business Studies, Information: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, and the Business Management Review. Karthik N. Kannan (“ Effects of Information Revelation Policies Under Cost Uncertainty ”) is an assistant professor of management at Purdue University's Krannert School of Management. He earned his Ph.D. in information systems, M. Phil. in public policy and management, and M.S. in electrical and computer engineering, all from Carnegie Mellon University. His current research focuses on markets and pricing of information goods/servic

About Our Authors

About Our Authors

About Our Authors

About Our Authors

Editorial

About 20 years ago, Markus and Robey noted that most research on IT impacts had been guided by deterministic perspectives and had neglected to use an emergent perspective, which could account for contradictory findings. They further observed that most research in this area had been carried out using variance theories at the expense of process theories. Finally, they suggested that more emphasis on multilevel theory building would likely improve empirical reliability. In this paper, we reiterate the observations and suggestions made by Markus and Robey on the causal structure of IT impact theories and carry out an analysis of empirical research published in four major IS journals, Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ), Information Systems Research (ISR), the European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS), and Information and Organization (I&O), to assess compliance with those recommendations. Our final sample consisted of 161 theory-driven articles, accounting for approximately 21% of all the empirical articles published in these journals. Our results first reveal that 91% of the studies in MISQ, ISR, and EJIS focused on deterministic theories, while 63% of those in I&O adopted an emergent perspective. Furthermore, 91% of the articles in MISQ, ISR, and EJIS adopted a variance model; this compares with 71% from I&O that applied a process model. Lastly, mixed levels of analysis were found in 14% of all the surveyed articles. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

Paulo Albuquerque (“ Evaluating Promotional Activities in an Online Two-Sided Market of User-Generated Content ”) is an assistant professor of marketing at the Simon Graduate School of Business, University of Rochester. He holds a Ph.D. in management from the UCLA Anderson School of Management. He is currently interested in competition and consumer behavior in online markets, new product diffusion across markets, and spatial competition models. He was named a 2011 MSI Young Scholar, and his articles have appeared in Marketing Science, the Journal of Marketing Research, and Management Science. Udi Chatow (“ Evaluating Promotional Activities in an Online Two-Sided Market of User-Generated Content ”) is a program and research manager at Hewlett-Packard (HP) Labs and a lead on MagCloud.com incubation, which he cofounded. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees in physics and medical physics from Tel Aviv University and an EMBA from Kellogg/Tel Aviv University in their international program. Since joining HP Labs in July 2005, he has led and supported several Web-to-print services and incubations; he previously spent 17 years at HP-Indigo, where he held various research and development positions such as research scientist, project manager, section manager, and director. He has over 30 patents awarded and is active in the information systems and technology organization and in nonimpact printing conferences. Kay-Yut Chen (“ Evaluating Promotional Activities in an Online Two-Sided Market of User-Generated Content ”) is a principal scientist at Hewlett-Packard (HP) Labs. He started behavioral economics research at HP Labs, a first in a corporation, after he received his Ph.D. from Caltech in 1994. He has pioneered the application of behavior economics to business issues in areas such as supply chain contracting and human-based forecasting, and his work has been featured in many popular publications such as Scientific American, Newsweek, the Wall Street Journal, and the Financial Times. He is the author of the book The Secrets of the Moneylab: How Behavioral Economics Can Improve Your Business, published by Portfolio in October 2010. Theodoros Evgeniou (“ Content Contributor Management and Network Effects in a UGC Environment ”) is an associate professor of decision sciences and technology management at INSEAD, Fontainebleau. His current research interests include preference measurement methods and market research, social networks, machine learning, and data analytics for marketing. He has published more than 30 top academic journal and conference papers. Moshe Fresko (“ Mine Your Own Business: Market-Structure Surveillance Through Text Mining ”) is a consulting expert on the topics of text mining, data mining, natural language programming, and machine learning. He holds a B.A. and an M.A. in computer engineering from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey, and he received his Ph.D. in computer science from Bar-Ilan University, Israel. Between 2001 and 2010, he worked as a researcher and lecturer at Bar Ilan's Computer Science department, studying text mining, data mining, natural language programming, and machine learning, as well as teaching several programming-related courses; between 2007 and 2008, he worked as a visiting researcher and lecturer at the School of Business Administration at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was active in the founding and progress of two text-mining related start-up companies. Ronen Feldman (“ Mine Your Own Business: Market-Structure Surveillance Through Text Mining ”) currently serves as the Head of the Internet Studies Department at the School of Business Administration of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from Cornell University and his B.Sc. in math, physics, and computer science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1997, he founded ClearForest, a Boston-based business intelligence company later acquired by Reuters. He coined the term “text mining” in 1995 and wrote the textbook The Text Mining Handbook: Advanced Approaches in Analyzing Unstructured Data (Cambridge University Press, 2007); he has given over 30 tutorials on text mining and information extraction and has written numerous scholarly papers on these topics. Anindya Ghose (“ Designing Ranking Systems for Hotels on Travel Search Engines by Mining User-Generated and Crowdsourced Content ”) is an associate professor in the Department of Information, Operations, and Management Sciences at the Stern School of Business of New York University. He received his Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University. His expertise is in analyzing how the massive amount of data generated by technological advances such as the Internet and mobile phones can influence marketing and advertising decisions, and his recent research interests include social media, mobile Internet, crowdfunding, Internet marketing, and digital advertising. He has received multiple best paper awards at premier conferences and journals, is a 2011 MSI Young Scholar, and is also a recipient of a National Science Foundation CAREER Award. David Godes (“ Sequential and Temporal Dynamics of Online Opinion ”) is an associate professor in the Marketing Department at the Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland. He received a B.S. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania and an S.M. and Ph.D. in management science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research interests include word-of-mouth communication, social networks, media competition, and sales management. His work has appeared in Marketing Science, Management Science, Quantitative Marketing and Economics, and the Harvard Business Review. Jacob Goldenberg (“ Mine Your Own Business: Market-Structure Surveillance Through Text Mining ”) is a professor of marketing at the School of Business Administration at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a visiting professor at the Columbia Business School. His research focuses on creativity, new product development, diffusion of innovation, complexity in market dynamics social networks effects, and social media. He has published papers in the Journal of Marketing, the Journal of Marketing Research, Management Science, Marketing Science, Nature Physics, and Science; in addition, he is an author of two books by the Cambridge University Press and one by the Chicago Press. His scientific work has been covered by the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Boston Globe, the BBC News Harold Tribune, the Economist, and Wired Magazine. Rajdeep Grewal (“ User-Generated Open Source Products: Founder's Social Capital and Time to Product Release ”) is the Irving & Irene Bard Professor of Marketing at the Smeal College of Business at the Pennsylvania State University and is also the Associate Research Director of the Institute for the Study of Business Markets at the Smeal College of Business. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cincinnati in 1998. His research focuses on empirical modeling of strategic marketing issues and has appeared in the top field journals. He has received several awards for his research, including a doctoral dissertation award from the Procter & Gamble Market Innovation Research Fund, an honorable mention award at the prestigious MSI/Journal of Marketing competition on “Linking Marketing to Financial Performance and Firm Value,” the 2003 Young Contributor Award from the Society of Consumer Psychology for his article in the Journal of Consumer Psychology, and the AMA Marketing Strategy SIG Early Career Award in 2007. Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis (“ Designing Ranking Systems for Hotels on Travel Search Engines by Mining User-Generated and Crowdsourced Content ”) is an associate professor in the Department of Information, Operations, and Management Sciences at the Stern School of Business of New York University. He received his Ph.D. degree in computer science from Columbia University in 2004, with distinction. His recent research interests focus on crowdsourcing and on mining user-generated content on the Internet. He has received three best paper awards (International Conference on Data Engineering 2005, ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data 2006, and International World Wide Web Conference 2011), two best paper runner-up awards (Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2002 and ACM Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Conference 2008), and is also a recipient of a CAREER Award from the National Science Foundation. Zainab Jamal (“ Evaluating Promotional Activities in an Online Two-Sided Market of User-Generated Content ”) is a research scientist at Hewlett-Packard Labs. She holds a Ph.D. in marketing science from the University of California, Los Angeles. Her area of focus is in developing econometric and statistical models to understand and predict customer response behavior; this area feeds into the broader research stream of enabling businesses to optimize their marketing operations through analytical technologies in the backdrop of major paradigm shifts in the landscape such as personalized marketing. She brings deep industry experience to her research expertise, having worked in different roles in brand management and product development after receiving her master's in economics (Delhi School of Economics) and an MBA (Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad). Gerald C. Kane (“ Network Characteristics and the Value of Collaborative User-Generated Content ”) is an assistant professor of information systems at Boston College's Carroll School of Management. He received his Ph.D. from the Goizueta Business School of Emory University and his MBA in computer information systems from Georgia State University. His research interests include

The Information Systems Journal (ISJ) was launched in 1991 with a vision. In response to the growing use of interpretive methods based on qualitative data by information systems (IS) researchers -especially in Europe -and in response to the stance of the majority of IS journals that were oriented towards publishing positivist IS research employing quantitative dataespecially in the USA -this new journal was established by David Avison and Guy Fitzgerald who served as Editors-in-Chief for the next 21 years. The journal was physically situated in Europe, with the editorial office located at a variety of institutions in the UK. Over time the ISJ has grown in scope, methodologically and geographically: papers representing all epistemological and methodological traditions are published in the journal, with authors coming from all inhabited continents.

Introduction The information systems (IS) field has historically limited itself to design, use and implementation of information technology (IT) in organizations. Consequently, it is no surprise that IS field has become constrained by this straitjacket since its inception. Dickson (1981, p. 20) acknowledges that much of [management information systems] MIS research that has been performed has been done in an organizational setting. Markus (1999) was first to highlight tendency of field to be constrained by its roots in organizational science. The IS field, she warns, is at a crossroads and in order to avoid possible extinction, needs to go beyond its traditional areas of study by revisiting its mission and its customers. Markus notes that core concerns of IS field are no longer limited to needs of IS department and organization that it serves. IT is so prevalent today that its benefits and dangers are felt beyond organizational or disciplinary boundaries. Galliers (2003) emphasizes need for a transdisciplinary approach to IS, one that is neither limited to locus of organization nor to parochial needs of IS field itself. For instance, Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action at World Summit on Information Society, held in Geneva in 2003, asserts that benefits of IT are global and are no longer limited to organizational concerns. Conversely, repercussions of failures of IS are equally far-reaching. For example, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and Intelligence Community within U.S. government blame, among other reasons, ineffective IS for not being able to avert tragedy of September 11, 2001 (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, 2004). The repercussions of this IS failure is felt beyond intelligence community. This paper contends that IS field needs to widen its focus beyond its traditional foundations in organization studies (OS) by theorizing about its core concern--information technology (IT). Based on a philosophy of technology and a philosophy of information, a framework that embraces societal concerns in studying IT is proposed. Escaping Organizational Straightjacket The close relationship between IS and organizational studies (OS) is engendered by OS background of many IS authors. Consequently, IS research is performed hand-inhand with OS research, even though, epistemologically, they are different (Orlikowski & Barley, 2001). Not only is field of IS epistemologically different from OS, it is ontologically different from OS. The arguments presented by Orlikowski and Barley (2001) to support epistemological difference between IS and OS research also support ontological differences between two fields. In their opinion, because IS studies development of systems and their consequences, and provides practical solutions to real-life problems, agenda of IS research closely resembles agenda of architecture and other design sciences rather than of OS research. OS is closer to traditional science because it provides parsimonious explanations to broad classes of organizational phenomena. As a result, OS discovers generalities, sets down general principles and identifies causal relationships. Therefore, subject matter (ontology) studied in IS is very different from subject matter studied in OS. A field that is ontologically and epistemologically different from another cannot hope to flourish if it remains within constraints of latter. That is why remaining with OS approaches places IS field in an straightjacket. Both epistemological and ontological differences between IS and OS support need for a fresh look at how IT should be studied. Additionally, in limited context of organization, OS may study the best way of managing people in order to improve productivity, whereas IS studies how technology can be designed and implemented to improve organizational productivity. …