Abstract

TRAJETORIA POLITICO-INSTITUCIONAL DO SANEAMENTO BASICO NO BRASIL: DO PLANASA A LEI 14.026/2020 POLITICAL-INSTITUTIONAL PATH OF BASIC SANITATION IN BRAZIL: FROM PLANASA TO LAW 14.026 / 2020 Data da submissao: 11/11/2020 Data da aprovacao: 10/12/2020 RESUMO: A Lei no 14.026 estabeleceu o novo marco legal regulatorio do saneamento basico no Brasil. Tema de fundamental interesse para o desenvolvimento economico-social da nacao, o objetivo do presente artigo e examinar a diversidade de arranjos institucionais em diferentes marcos legais desse setor. Para alcancar esse desiderato o estudo procedera ao levantamento historico das diretrizes, principios fundamentais, objetivos e politica nacional das atividades de abastecimento de agua e de esgotamento sanitario, concentrando-se nos aspectos da titularidade, prestacao e regulacao desses servicos. A pesquisa conduzida teve natureza exploratoria, atraves de pesquisa bibliografica, abrangendo documentos oficiais, atos normativos gerais, atos legislativos preparatorios e respectivas exposicoes de motivos. Constatou-se que o setor de saneamento basico e marcado por forte disputa, entre diferentes grupos de interesse, acerca do papel do Estado quanto a prestacao e regulacao desse servico publico essencial, como se constata da interposicao de Acao Direta de Inconstitucionalidade no 6492 apos sete dias do inicio da vigencia da lei 14.026. A conclusao do pesquisador e a de que a melhora dos resultados sociais esperados com o novo texto legal dependera da vontade e capacidade politica dos governantes incluirem na agenda politica dos proximos anos as normas constantes dos textos legais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Saneamento basico. Marco legal. Titularidade. Regulacao. Desenvolvimento social. ABSTRACT : Law No. 14,026 established the new regulatory framework for basic sanitation in Brazil. A topic of fundamental interest for the nation's economic and social development, the objective of this article is to examine the diversity of institutional arrangements in different legal frameworks in this sector. To achieve this goal, the study will proceed to a historical survey of the guidelines, fundamental principles, objectives and national policy of water supply and sewage activities, focusing on aspects of ownership, provision and regulation of these services. The research conducted was exploratory in nature, through bibliographic research, covering official documents, general normative acts, preparatory legislative acts and respective explanatory statements. It was found that the basic sanitation sector is marked by a strong dispute, between different interest groups, about the role of the State regarding the provision and regulation of this essential public service, as evidenced by the filing of Direct Action of Unconstitutionality no 6492 after seven days of the beginning of law 14,026. The researcher's conclusion is that the improvement of the expected social results with the new legal text will depend on the will and political capacity of the government to include in the political agenda of the coming years the norms contained in the legal texts. KEY WORDS: Sanitation. Legal framework. Ownership. Regulation. Social development.

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