The structure of the kidneys and their intra- and extra-organ vascularization in poultry

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to study the structural features of the kidneys and the sources of their vascularization in poultry. To study the structures of the kidneys, the method of conventional and fine dissection was used. In the manufacture of angiosteotopic preparations of the arterial system, self-hardening plastic of the acrylic series "Belakryl" was used. The objects of the study were the carcasses of chicken cross Hisex white, Peking duck and Italian goose at 160 days of age, in the amount of 9 pieces. Peking duck and Italian goose have cranial, middle, and caudal lobes in their kidneys, with the exception of chicken, which has an additional lobe. The relative mass of kidneys to body weight is 0.52% for chicken, 0.36% for Peking duck and 0.29% for Italian goose. The length of the kidneys from the length of the pelvis is 61.7% in the chicken, which is associated with a short trapezoid shape of the pelvic bone, in the Peking duck - 55.8% and in the Italian goose - 58.5%, which have long pelvic bones with their adaptation to the water image life. The kidneys maintain a constant osmotic pressure, chemical composition and active reaction of the blood by excreting excess salts and acidic products. The kidney parenchyma of the studied bird species consists of interstitial tissue, in which there are afferent renal arteries that produce urine and efferent ones that participate in the trophic function. The physiological functioning of the kidneys is associated with the work of the arterial system, which is involved in the excretory function. Arterial blood enters the kidneys through the cranial, middle, and caudal renal arteries. Within the kidney, the arteries branch into intralobular arteries. From which afferent arterioles depart, bringing blood to the vascular glomerulus. Efferent arterioles leave the vascular glomerulus, pass into the capillary and connect with the venous capillaries of the portal system of the kidneys.