The bronchial tree, lobular division and blood vessels of the Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) lung.

Abstract

The bronchial tree, lobular division and blood vessels of the lungs were examined in three Japanese deer (Cervus nippon). The dorsal, lateral, ventral and medial bronchiole systems arose from the dorsal, lateral, ventral and medial sides of both bronchi, respectively. Furthermore, one bronchiole arose from the right side of the trachea, namely the tracheal bronchus (bronchiole). This bronchiole formed the right cranial lobe. The right middle lobe was formed by the first bronchiole of the lateral bronchiole system. The right accessory lobe was formed by the first bronchiole of the ventral bronchiole system. The remaining bronchioles of the four bronchiole systems constituted the right caudal lobe. In the left lung, the cranial and accessory lobes were absent. The left middle lobe was formed by the first bronchiole of the lateral bronchiole system. This bronchiole was well developed and formed a bilobed middle lobe. The remaining bronchioles constituted the left caudal lobe. The right lung consisted of the cranial, middle, caudal and accessory lobes. The left lung consisted of the middle and caudal lobes. The branches of the pulmonary arteries ran mostly along the dorsal or lateral side of the bronchioles. The pulmonary veins ran the ventral or medial side of the bronchiole, and between the bronchioles.