Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive skin malignancy primarily linked to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Outdoor activities increase the risk of MM due to prolonged UVR exposure, which can suppress the immune system and promote cancer development. This literature review evaluates the correlation between outdoor activities and the development of MM, emphasizing the role of UVR in inducing DNA damage, immunosuppression, and genetic mutations. Factors such as genetic predisposition, skin phenotype, and occupational exposure further amplify susceptibility to MM. Acute and chronic UVR exposures influence melanoma development differently, with intermittent intense exposure posing the greatest risk. Preventive strategies, including the use of broad-spectrum sunscreens with a minimum SPF of 30, protective clothing, and sun-safe practices, are highlighted as essential measures to mitigate MM risk. Early detection methods, such as self-administered questionnaires and routine skin examinations, are discussed to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. This review underscores the necessity of public health awareness and targeted interventions to address the rising incidence of malignant melanoma globally.
Published Version
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