Abstract
Sustainable development of society is the achievement of a balance between economic and social development, as well as environmental protection. Its main principle is the most rational use of resources with the least negative impact on the environment and even its complete absence. Such a goal is somewhat utopian, but it is an effective deterrent. The highest role in the development of society is given to cities. According to UN forecasts, as early as 2050, about 2/3 of the world's population will live in urban areas. It should be remembered that with an increase in population, it is necessary to increase the volume of infrastructure, affordable housing, and production, spending additional energy and resources. Besides, cities are centers of industry and manufacturing, points of formation of a considerable amount of waste, emissions, and discharges. The world community is concerned that urban activities are leading to climate change and the disruption of natural processes. That is why the achievement of sustainable urban development is one of the priority tasks of modern society. In this article, the author analyzes the possibilities of reducing adverse effects by creating greened protective areas that are resistant to the urban environment. The author also offers regulatory suggestions for taking into account soil features when creating new landscaping facilities, establishing regulatory requirements for soil quality indicators that ensure germination, development of green spaces, and maintenance of green areas taking into account optimal environmental and economic indicators. The goal of this study will be achieved by performing the following tasks: - The study of international and Russian experience in ensuring the sustainable development of cities concerning the protection of urban soils; - The application of the results of international studies to the existing regulatory legal requirements in Russia for the creation and maintenance of green areas in megacities; The methodological base of the research is constituted by such general scientific methods as dialectical and systemic research methods, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, and alike, and such specific scientific methods as historical and legal research, comparative legal research, formal legal, structural-functional and statistical methods. The study is based on the results of studies conducted by Russian and foreign lawyers, ecologists, biologists, as well as economists related to the research topic. The results of the study can be used for effective environmentally-friendly planning and construction of megacities for countries with similar problems in the field of minimizing the impact of urban activities on climate change and disruption of natural processes.
Highlights
Urban soils are an important factor in the process of providing an ecologically clean environment for the life of the urban population
2.1 Legal Regulation of the Quality of Urban Soils in the Russian Federation In Russia, the established standards for soil quality upon chemical indicators - threshold limit value - (TLV) are the same for all soils, regardless of their type, properties, or composition; when establishing the standards, the soil resistance to absorption of chemicals was not taken into account, the standards are not differentiated taking into account the climatic features of the territory of the Russian Federation
The soils of settlements must necessarily correspond to quality indicators that ensure normative germination, development of green spaces, and maintenance of green areas, taking into account optimal environmental and economic indicators as one of the ways to achieve this can become the change in the regulatory framework governing green construction by establishing quality standards for urban soils, taking into account fertility indicators
Summary
Urban soils are an important factor in the process of providing an ecologically clean environment for the life of the urban population. Under the conditions of extensive housing and road construction, and the activity of industrial enterprises, a significant part of urban soils is being covered with waterproof hard coatings or built-up with buildings and structures. Due to the significant influx of pollutants from natural environments adjacent to soils, its ability in the remaining territories to self-healing, maintaining natural bio-geneses and the implementation of natural ecological functions is sharply reduced. The consequence of these processes is a decrease in the quality and comfort of the urban environment for the living of the population, as well as failure to achieve one of the priority goals of modern society - the sustainable development of the urbanized area
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