The influence of industry 4.0, internet of things, and physical-cyber systems on human factors: a case study of workers in Indonesian oil and gas refineries

Abstract

This study focuses on examining and ascertaining the impact of various elements of industry 4.0, namely the internet of things (IoT) and ­physical-cyber systems, on the human factors concerning operators in the Refinery industry. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between these variables and human factors. In this study, a quantitative approach employing partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized as the research methodology. The study sample consisted of 70 respondents who were specifically chosen from the Indonesian oil and gas sector operators. The findings of this research demonstrate a positive and significant influence of Industry 4.0 on human factors. Moreover, a significant correlation between the Internet of Things and human factors was identified. Additionally, the study also revealed a noteworthy association between the physical-cyber system and human factors.