Abstract
Microstructure evolution in heavily-cold-rolled (≥40 pct.) commercial-purity titanium was determined to be governed by a continuous-dynamic-recrystallization mechanism. This process was shown to be closely linked with mechanical twinning occurring at lower rolling strains. Specifically, twinning provided a nearly-twofold increase in flow stress due to pronounced work hardening. Twinning also led to the activation of additional (non-prism-<a>) slip modes, and thus markedly enhanced the progressive development of dislocation boundaries. As a result, a bulk ultrafine-grain structure was produced at relatively-low strains achievable by conventional flat rolling.
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