Abstract
Weeds and soil microorganisms interact with each other in the soil/root interface, promoting the development and establishment of both. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutrient accumulation in eight species of weeds (Ageratum conyzoides L., Bidens pilosa L., Cenchrus echinatus L., Conyza bonariensis L., Echinochloa crus-galli L., Eleusine indica L. Ipomoea grandifolia L. and Lolium multiflorum L.) and in bean and corn crops grown for 50 days in a substrate fumigated with methyl bromide. Assessments relating to the height, leaf area, leaf number, dry weight of shoots and roots and relative content of nutrients were carried out 50 days after seedling emergence. A positive effect of soil fumigation was observed on the growth, leaf number, leaf area, plant height and accumulation of nutrients in monocot weeds in relation to dicots. Conyza bonariensis was the most affected by soil fumigation, with levels of dry matter, leaf number, leaf area, height and accumulation of nutrients approximately 50% lower than plants grown in normal soil. Fumigation also influenced the growth cycle of the plants, which was lower for B. pilosa, E. indica and C. echinatus. We also observed a 20 and 30% lower phosphorus accumulation in Bidens pilosa and Conyza bonariensis, respectively, when grown in the sterilized soil. Overall, the bean and corn crops were less affected by soil fumigation than the weeds.
Highlights
Even after the adoption of integrated crop management, including no-tillage and crop rotation techniques, several steps for the crops can still change the ecological balance
The soil samples were fumigated for 72 hours with BROMEX® at a dosage of 2.5 cm3 L-1, using a box made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
We found that C. echinatus, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eleusine indica, Lolium multiflorum and Zea mays grew better in the fumigated soil (Table 1)
Summary
Even after the adoption of integrated crop management, including no-tillage and crop rotation techniques, several steps for the crops can still change the ecological balance. Regarding the use of pesticides in Brazil, herbicides lead sales, accounting for approximately 45% of the market (SINDAG, 2010), due to the diversity and aggressiveness of the. There has been an increase in the concern about the sustainability of agricultural production systems, prioritizing those techniques that prevent or reduce the use of chemical controls. The main weed species on plantations in the Brazilian Cerrado are highly aggressive and have a rapid capacity of adaptation, establishment and perpetuation.
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