The Ecotone of River Cave, a Boon for the Fisherman: a Case Study of Mandhip Khol Cave Complex of Chhattisgarh, India

This thesis presents several case studies on life history evolution in Laurasiatheria, a diverse group of mammals occupying a wide range of habitats. The respective group in each case study was chosen based on its suitability to answer an underlying question. Additionally, one case study investigates domestication as driver for variation within a species. The first case study aims for a closer look on the Schultz’s rule and heterochro -ny in the relative eruption sequence of the permanent dentition in lower jaws of deer, Cervidae. Cervids were chosen because of their relative uniform mandibular architecture. Schultz’s rule implies that slower growing animals replace their deciduous teeth earlier in relative sequence compared to molar eruption to counterbalance tooth decay and maintain a functional tooth set during growth. The study revealed several heterochronic shifts in tooth eruption during the evolution of deer and resulted in an ancestral tooth eruption sequence, which can also be found in the fossil record. In contrast, the relative eruption sequence is not correlated with any life history variable and thus it does not provide in formation about the life history of cervids. The second study investigated the brain size of cave bears and compared it to extant bear species. Encephalization, or brain size in relation to body size, is linked to some life history variables in Ursidae such as gestation time, newborn mass, weaning mass, and litter size. The results suggest that cave bears had a small brain compared to body size, due to a decoupled body and brain size evolution in which the increase of body size outpaced the one of brain size. Additionally, the trade-off between fat storage and brain size as well as diet might have impacted the relative brain size of cave bears. The degree of encephalization of cave bears suggests that this species gave birth to many, light weighted cubs and had prolonged gestation; mass at weaning was small. The growth of different bear species was investigated using histological thin sections of the midshaft of femora. The growth rate of cave bears from different European localities was investigated and compared to the one of black bears, brown bears, polar bears, sloth bears, and sun bears. The bone cortex of all bear species exhibits a fibrolamellar complex and mostly varies in amounts of parallel-fibered and lamellar bone. Cave bears exhibit a high growth rate and late maturity. The altitude of the locality in which the cave bear remains were found was correlated with growth rate. The growth rate of cave bears indicates that this species gave birth to many, small offspring. In the final case study presented in this thesis, the aim was to investigate how domestication affects variation within a species. For this, the extinct Niata cattle from South America was used as case study. The Niata was a heavy brachycephalic cattle variety. It was described by Darwin and sparked debates among scientists in Europe due to its peculiar appearance. These debates are addressed in an integrative investigation of the Niata using anatomical description, geometric morphometrics, finite element analysis, and genetic analysis. The anatomical description shows clear distinctions between the Niata traits and lethal malformations with which its brachycephaly was compared. The morphometric and genetic analyses show the distinctiveness of the Niata compared to other cattle and places it close to the European taurine breeds. Additionally, the finite element analysis revealed released stress on the Niata skull during bilateral bite. The Niata is an illustrative case on how human intervention shapes domesticated species. To summarize, the case studies presented in this thesis exemplify how bones and teeth can be used to infer life history of extant and extinct animals as well as how humans shape animals during domestication. Keywords: heterochrony, Schultz’s rule, encephalization, hibernation, palaeohistology, growth rate, domestication, chondrodysplasia

Nowadays, coffee shops are scattered everywhere offering a variety of unique experiences to attract customers. Despite the rapid emergence of modern coffee shops, certain long-established coffee shops (often referred to as “legendary coffee shops”) continue to thrive and maintain a loyal customer base. The success of legendary coffee shops can be attributed to factors such as signature beverages, distinctive ambiance, and a strong word-of-mouth reputation. Unlike newer establishments that rely heavily on digital marketing, these coffee shops build trust and popularity over time. To further understand their influence, sentiment analysis can be applied to customer reviews of the coffee shops. This study analyzes two legendary coffee shops in Pontianak, namely Aming Coffee Shop and Asiang Coffee Shop to understand the key factors behind their sustainability despite strong competition using Naïve Bayes Method. The best accuracy for testing data at a 50:50 ratio was 76.76%, while training data reached 96.16%. The resulting precision and recall values are 96.16% and 78.81%. This study employs N-gram 3 model to identify the top words of both coffee shops. The findings indicates that both coffee shops are well-known for their signature milk coffee and unique flavor beverages that resonate with the local community. Aming Coffee Shop attracts young customers with affordable prices, while Asiang Coffee Shop maintains its traditional coffee shop ambiance, appealing to customers seeking nostalgia. From these two case studies, it is evident the success of a coffee shop is highly influenced by taste, branding, and customer experience.

At present in the numerous dining commercial space, the cafe shop up the main terminal to have the small space, in the market condition, although the cafe shop everywhere stands in great numbers, but must manage a cafe actually, besides has the specialty, sometimes actually with cafe overall image related, its image including visual plan and space design and so on. In fact, whether can the cafe continue maintains transport business is nearly the establishment in consumer's appraisal fit and unfit quality, but builds these feeling experience to carry looked that the cafe internal and external's recognition system plan and the atmosphere design, how to establish the unique style to attract the consumer. This article mainly divides into five units to discuss the related the history of cafe shop, the functionality, transport business pattern and the existence meaning and so on, simultaneously and by case study way analysis related cafe recognition system's shape, color and spatial atmosphere design content and so on. First, the foreword to show this article the motive and the goal. Second, the literature discussion proposed that reported with the cafe shop related literature, for example: From cafe shop related dissemination history discussion. The senate, the cafe shop history and the functionality are mainly make the narration in view of the cafe origin and the cafe shop functionality. Fourth, the case study proposed that two different typical cafe shops make the case analysis. The five, the conclusion are state according to above propose the summary.

Today, public spaces such as cafes and restaurants play an important role in people's daily life style, and use the coffee shops have increased significantly compared to the past, and consequently the number of coffee shops has increased significantly. For this reason, attracting customers and turning them into loyal customers have the considerable importance for coffee shop owners. Since the sense of belonging to a place creates an emotional interaction and connection between man and place and leads to a strong desire to be present and stay and return to that place, paying attention to the physical parameters effective in promoting a sense of belonging should be the main concern. The purpose of this study is to explain the concept of environment to recognize the physical factors affecting it in the coffee shop ،moreover, to examine how these factors work in a case study (Ivy Coffee Shop). The present research is a type of applied and qualitative one and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature, the first part has been done through documentary and library studies and the second part has been done through survey and field studies. The results show that the factors affecting the creation and promotion of a sense of belonging to the place in the coffee shop can be divided into physical, functional, social, cultural, personal, semantic and temporal factors. The physical component includes elements of light, color, materials, nature, furniture, texture and decoration, size and scale. The characteristics' quality and desirability play an important role in increasing the sense of belonging to place in coffee shop users. The most important physical characteristics to create the sense of belonging in the case model (Ivy Coffee Shop)are indigenous materials, connection with nature through the use of natural elements and special attention to artificial lighting.

Chapter 60 - Hang Son Doong and other caves of the Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng karst, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam

This research aims to determine the social embeddedness and networks that occur in a coffee shop business in Jombang Regency. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with case studies as the approach. Social embeddedness in the form of relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness that exist in the coffee shop business shows that there is a social relationship that occurs between consumers and the coffee shop which arises from their trust in the coffee shop. Furthermore, structural embeddedness shows collaboration built by the coffee shop with other parties with the aim of building relationships and business continuity. Apart from that, the sustainability of the coffee shop business cannot be separated from the influence of existing social networks, namely social networks between coffee shop owners, social networks between coffee shop owners and employees, social networks between fellow coffee shop employees, and social networks between employees and consumers coffee shop.

The coffee shop has now become a phenomenon in the community, drinking coffee is now no longer just to eliminate sleepiness, but as part of a lifestyle where the coffee shop is a very popular gathering place. The city of Tomohon is also inseparable from the phenomenon of coffee shops where coffee shops have begun to appear in various locations around the Tomohon city. This study aims to determine the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions on coffee shops in Tomohon City by conducting a case study at Elmonts Coffee & Roastery Tomohon. The method used in this research is a qualitative case study method. Data collection techniques are carried out by in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data validity technique used is source triangulation and triangulation techniques with data analysis techniques namely Miles and Huberman model analysis techniques. The results showed 6 factors that influenced purchasing decisions at a coffee shop in Tomohon City, namely product, atmosphere, social, promotion, location, and brand.

The purpose of this paper is for understand the water accounting practice in the company, especially beverage industry in Indonesia. The sample in this study is one coffee shop near Jakarta. Case study has been choosen as the method in this study. We collect data with semi-structured interview, observation, and survey about the water efficiency in the coffee shop. The operational officers such as barista, cashier, supervisor, and store manager are the respondents in this study. Operational management already understand about the importance of water efficiency in the coffee shop operation, but it can’t be implemented because their standard operation haven’t use the water efficiency as part of their procedures. The coffee shop’s operational standard in cleaning always takes much time and use so much water. The cleaning itself takes one until two hours each day only for cleaning bar and all operational equipment. This paper is for understand the water efficiency in the coffee shop with the focus is in their water footprint, operational standard that used every day in the coffee shop, and the connection between operational standard and the water efficiency.


 
 
 Title: The Interpretation of Meaning in Aceh Coffee Shop
 The gathering tradition in Acehnese people for silaturrahmi has long been established. A coffee shop is one of the artefacts from Aceh traditions or gathering culture for Acehnese people. Coffee shop is a place for social interaction and other various activities. One example of case that was taken is Solong Coffee shop located in the city of Banda Aceh. The purpose of this paper is to explore the spirit or genius loci that makes coffee shop in Aceh continue to live and thrive. By using the thinking of Norberg-Schulz, it will be studied and explored for more about image, space and character that create the genius loci in a Aceh coffee shop to attract the Acehnese people to choose the coffee shop as a place to do their various activities and social interaction. Reviewing these elements will obtain many factors that affect a place such as the meaning, identity and history of the place.
 
 

This research aims to segment customers using the K-Means Clustering method in a case study of consumer interest in current coffee shops such as Kopi Kenangan, Kopi Janji Jiwa, Tomoro Coffee, Fore Coffee and Fami Cafe. Customer segmentation is useful for knowing consumer preferences such as interests, background, lifestyle, service quality and consumer characteristics that are useful for knowing the right persona and marketing strategy as well as the value proposition, especially at the Kopi Kenangan, Janji Jiwa, Tomoro Coffee, Fore Coffee and Fami Cafe coffee shops. The analytical method used in this research is data collection by distributing questionnaires to respondents with predetermined criteria in the Jakarta area and outside Jakarta. The questionnaire was distributed in November 2023. The survey results were analyzed using the K-Means Clustering method in the SPSS 23 program to group consumers based on certain attributes such as age, education, domicile, income, occupation, frequently used social media and most popular coffee shop preferences. such as coffee and non-coffee variants, price, service quality and recommending it to other people. Based on the results of K-Means Clustering data processing, there are 3 clusters, namely cluster 1 (Consumptive Customer), cluster 2 (Standard Young Customer), cluster 3 (Potential Customer) which can be concluded that cluster 3 is a potential cluster that is the target of this research, where cluster 3 consists of respondents who are coffee fans and don't like coffee but are very active in using social media and have made online food transactions and always dine in when making transactions at coffee shops. So it can be seen that cluster 3 can be explored and used as a marketing target by carrying out promotions on various social media applications by offering various choices of coffee and non-coffee variants in order to attract customers who don't like coffee so they are interested and want to try the products offered. . The value proposition for current coffee shops is to give the impression of Coffee Vibes and focus on providing a unique and unforgettable coffee experience by presenting innovative flavor variants and creative coffee presentations, exploring new flavors and offering premium quality that can be enjoyed by all groups and creating an atmosphere comfortable and Instagram- worthy to provide a pleasant customer experience that fits the rhythm of modern life. Keywords: Cluster Analysis, Current Coffee, Customer Segmentation, K-Means SPSS,.

Constraints on alpine speleogenesis from cave morphology — A case study from the eastern Totes Gebirge (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria)

In the era of the development of information and communication technology, it is very influential in many business fields, one of which is the coffee shop business or often called a coffee shop. The purpose of this research is to find out brand activation as a form of integrated marketing communication strategy (Case study: Headstock Coffee in Balikpapan City). This research method is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive research type. The type of data used in this research is primary data including key informants and informants, as well as secondary data in the form of some literature such as books, journals, and several documents on the internet. Data analysis uses the concept of Miles and Huberman. The results of the research on presenting data on the application of Brand activation as a form of integrated marketing communication strategy at Headstock Coffee in Balikpapan are in the types of Brand activation namely, Direct marketing activation, Social media activation, Promotion activation, Marketing event activation, and Sponsorship activation supported by Integrated theory Marketing Communications (IMC) through several elements of marketing communications. In implementing Brand activation as an integrated marketing communication strategy, product marketing also needs to be strengthened so that Headstock Coffee's coffee shop business looks equal and even stands out from its marketing tool, namely Soundsreal space.

Indoor air quality is influenced by chemicals substances from within the room and external factors. Smoking room with air conditioning in a coffee shop is an attractive choice for smokers even though room users rarely understand the actual room air quality conditions. The research aims to evaluate the potential decrease in indoor air quality for smoking room equipped with air conditioning in coffee shops. The study was conducted at 2 coffee shops in Surakarta, Indonesia by measuring air quality parameters, including PM2.5, PM10, and the CO2 concentration produced by cigarette smoke, the particulate meter was placed in the smoking room, and the open space around the coffee shop, measurements were carried out for 3 days in a row at the same time each day. The data collected is analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. The results of the research showed that the indoor air quality of smokers with air conditioning has higher particulate concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and CO2 above air quality standards set by Indonesian ministry of health. The results of the research are recommendations for improving air quality, considering alternative design solutions, such as using smoke suckers and improved ventilation designs in coffee shops that provide smoking rooms with air conditioning.

The development of the coffee shop business in Ponorogo is currently increasing, almost all over the city we can find coffee shops. The existence of a coffee shop for young people is an alternative to take advantage of free time, study or other purposes. The existence of a coffee shop or coffee shop that continues to increase makes the competition in this business market even tighter. The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the effect of Relationship Marketing, Service Quality and Facilities on Customer Loyalty (a case study at Sor Sawo Ponorogo coffee shop). The research used is quantitative research. Data collection in this study is primary data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires. The number of samples consisted of 100 people, using accidental sampling technique. The results showed that: (1) Relationship Marketing had a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty at the Sor Sawo Ponorogo coffee shop. The research used is quantitative research. Data collection in this study is primary data. (2) Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty at the Sor Sawo Ponorogo coffee shop. The research used is quantitative research. Data collection in this study is primary data. (3) Facilities have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty at the Sor Sawo Ponorogo coffee shop.

In a world that gradually promotes inclusive workplace and business practice, Sunyi Coffee and Difabis Coffee have become businesses which employ People with Disability (PwD) as their core employees. Aside from embodying both coffee shops’ benevolent missions, this strategy also serves as a part of a marketing strategy to maneuver in a highly competitive, almost saturated coffee shop industry in Greater Jakarta. This research was conducted to explore how both coffee shops tailor different strategies and offerings around the theme of disability employment. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach through a variety of data collection, such as interviews with customers, direct observation, online interviews with the founders, websites, social media, and relevant academic literature. Using Porter’s Five Forces Model, this study reveals that the coffee shop industry in Indonesia is highly competitive, with a high level of substitutes, new entrants, and buyers’ bargaining power. An analysis of the 7p marketing mix also shows people and place as the two most essential aspects for Sunyi Coffee and Difabis Coffee. Therefore, to establish a less contested market for themselves, both coffee shops create four action strategies (Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create) around these aspects, with Sunyi Coffee pursuing a differentiation strategy and Difabis Coffee focusing more on cost leadership.