THE DOCTRINE OF THE KNOWABILITY OF THE WORLD IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHER ZAKARIA AL-RAZI

Abstract

The article deals with the philosophy of medieval philosopher ZAKARIA al-Razi, one of the most original personalities in the spiritual life of the peoples of the Middle East. It is known that at the beginning of the twenty-first century challenges of spirituality and spiritual world of the individual become the subject of intense attention of modern philosophy. It should be noted, that nowadays, a great place in the writings of thinkers concerned with questions of essence and value of knowledge, aspects of truth, the role of science in the development of society. The article reported that Al - Razi although was the largest rationalist in the theory of knowledge, attached importance of the senses in the learning process of reality. In its medical theories al-Razi emphasizes the close connection existing between the human body and changes in the state of his soul. Al-Razi does not subordinate the human mind for the divine command and considers the work of the mind - an active and creative human activity. The main idea of the article is the scientist recognized a huge role of mind, which was very important under the rule of reactionary ideology of Islam. Convinced of the power of the human mind and the knowability of the world, al-Razi only means of knowledge of the world considers the scientific method of learning and encourages people to mastering science. Progressiveness of the theory of knowledge of al-Razi was expressed in the fact, that he denies the existence of miracles, attributed to various prophets and so-called imams. The author comes to the conclusion that a valuable contribution of al-Razi to the problem of knowledge was his denial of faith in the authorities; theory of knowledge and teaching about the mind of al-Razi played a huge role in the Middle Ages and had a great influence on the further emancipate of science from the influence of religion and on the development of materialist theory of knowledge.