Abstract
The article provides an overview of theoretical and methodological concepts presented by domestic and foreign researchers on the development of physical culture and sports social institution, in order to study its role in the formation of personality and the production of social changes. The emphasis placed on the prerequisites and conditions for the emergence of the sociology of sports as a direction of sociological science in our country and abroad seems to be important. The analysis of researchers' opinions on understanding the specifics of the categories "physical culture" and "sport" is presented. Some theoretical and methodological approaches, such as institutionalism which substantiates the role of social institutions sports in the social practice of different groups of population; a historical approach that allows to analyze the transformation of meanings of terms "physical culture" and "sport"; a sociocultural concept that makes it possible to consider physical culture and sports as elements of a broader category of "culture", as well as the work of modern domestic and foreign scientists in the field of sociology of sports are presented in the article. The author uses the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, content analysis of documents; analysis of statistical data. The novelty of the research issue lies in the critical understanding of the current state of physical culture and sports as social institutions from the standpoint of theoretical and methodological sociological concepts, including the analysis of different points of view on the content of the terms "physical culture" and "sport". The author comes to the conclusion about the absence of a unified approach and interpretation of concepts, their hierarchy: on the one hand, physical culture, considered as a derivative of the concept of "culture", which is basic and includes the concept of "sport"; on the other hand, despite the close semantic meaning, the terms are independent and have characteristic distinctive features. The current situation of instability, high risks caused by a conglomerate of political, economic, epidemiological and other problems affects all spheres of life, including the field of sports, which dictates the need for further sociological research to make motivated decisions at all levels of government in a nutshell and long term.
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