Technical choices and processes of stone vessel manufacture under the reign of king Den : evidence from the Cemetery M at Abu Rawash

The article deals with some aspects of Peribsen’s policy. In author’s opinion this pharaoh of the Second dynasty possibly led military campaigns in Lower Egypt. This hypothesis can be maintained by the data of seal impressions, stone vessels and the steles from the Early Dynastic period. The author shows that Peribsen’s election of Seth as the god of royal power and replacement of traditional patron of Egyptian rulers Horus by him could be connected with disintegration of Egypt into two parts. The author shows that the toponyms %Tt and &A-mHw in Peribsen’s monuments must be connected with Lower Egypt. The fact that place-names are connected with the tribute from Delta to Peribsen can prove that this ruler tried to conquer Lower Egypt. In the present study the comparative historical research is used.

Lightweight automotive seats offermultiple benefits to original equipment manufacturers in terms of cost savings from various aspects, including less material usage, more integrated processes, and compliance with Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards. Original equipment manufacturers have been focusing on innovative ways toproducelight weightautomotive seats. The commercially available automotive seats are currently made of multiple metal components combined through welding and fasteners. The use of additive manufacturing andcomposite structures is particularly useful for light weighting the automotive components. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers multiple advantages over traditional manufacturing processes such as freedom of design thereby enabling complex structural geometries, mass customization and waste minimization, and control over the fiber alignment through deposition in a predetermined pattern.Combining metal inserts with polymer composites through a novel manufacturing process allows design of lightweight and high-performance materials for automotive components. However, fabricating these metal polymer composite structures through traditional manufacturing processes limits their mechanical properties due to limited design freedom, lack of control over fiber orientation in composite parts, and poor interfacial bonding between the constituent materials. It is essential to develop a novel manufacturing process to enable high throughput production of lightweight automotive seats using metal and polymer composites. As such it is important to design the automotive seatsuitable for manufacturing viathis process and perform mechanical characterization on varioussubcomponents of the seat to ensure that the design and performance requirements provided by the auto manufacturer are met. The aim of this project is to develop a novel manufacturing technique to produce lightweight automotive seat by combining AM with conventional manufacturing processes. The car seat back panel will be designed via topology optimization and numerical simulations to minimize the overall weight while ensuring it meets all the performance requirements. The optimization of the seat back structure will be based on computational stress analysis to maximize the stiffness and minimize the weight. Materials currentlyused by Ford Motor Company will be adopted for a few subcomponents while the in-house composite materials will be used for the rest of the seat back. The composite and metallic materials will be tested to determinetheir mechanical properties as these are necessary for simulations. A novel manufacturing process will be developed to integrateAM metal inserts with discontinuous reinforced composite through large scale additive manufacturing and compression overmolding processes. The developed manufacturing technique will be used to fabricated various subcomponents suitable for the seat back design and mechanically tested to determine their properties. The manufacturing of the lightweight seat back design through this process involves integratedAM metal inserts with the composite structure forrecliner connection. The manufacturing of the entire seat back which is lightweight through the novel manufacturing process will be discussed. The performance of the designed seat back will be investigated through numerical simulations and shown to meet all the requirements provided by the auto manufacturer. The final goal of developing a novel manufacturing process for lightweight automotive seats is met through designoptimization of seat back,manufacturing of subcomponents, mechanical characterization, and validation through numerical simulations. The routes to achieve the final goal of the project and the depth in which they were investigated changed throughout the project due to personnel changes and the COVID-19 pandemic. The project resulted in the development of a novel manufacturing process to integrate metal inserts with tailored polymer composite preforms through overmolding. Leveraging this proven manufacturing process, a lightweight seat back was designed through topology optimization and numerical simulations. The designed seat back uses AM metal inserts and compression overmolding of tailored polymer composite preforms obtained via large scale additive manufacturing. The metal polymer composite 2| P a g estructures fabricated through this process exhibited enhancement in stiffness and improved ductility upon testing. Overall, the project provided an alternativedesign and manufacturing technique for automotive seat back that enables weight saving while meeting the safety and performance requirements.

Seals and Sealings in the Ancient World: Case Studies from the Near East, Egypt, the Aegean, and South Asia

Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been reported as enabler of digital spare parts supply. Thanks to its promise to produce spare parts with shorter lead times, AM may enable a make-to-order rather than a make-to-stock manufacturing process. Using AM, in fact, would allow to reduce the high inventory levels that are required by conventional manufacturing (CM) techniques to cope with spare parts’ intermittent demand. However, AM is characterized by two main drawbacks, i.e. first high production costs and second uncertain failure rates (often these uncertainties are higher than those of CM counterparts since AM is a manufacturing technique that is still subjected to substantial technological developments, while CM techniques are very well-established). While the former limitation can be counterbalanced with lower inventory costs, the latter remains an open issue, so far barely investigated. To the best of our knowledge, although researchers have considered the impact of failure rate uncertainties on the inventory costs and the total costs of spare parts management, no one has investigated how the failure rate uncertainty would affect the final decision on whether to manufacture spare parts in AM or CM. In this work, we aim to do so. Specifically, to make the analysis accurate and reliable, we have used realistic values of the failure rate uncertainties of AM and CM parts, obtained through a material science approach. From our results, which represents just a preliminary analysis where we have considered 40 different scenarios characterized by different combinations of spare part demands and backorder costs, we have observed that the failure rate uncertainty limits the conveniency of AM as sourcing option to only 7.5% of the analyzed scenarios (when the failure rate was considered too be known precisely, AM was the most convenient option 42.5% of the analyzed scenarios). These preliminary results indicate the need to reduce AM failure rate uncertainties to leverage the potential of AM for spare parts supply chains.

Digital manufacturing concerns systematically researching the manufacturing processes, equipment, technology, organization, management, marketing and control of a series of problems from discrete, systematic, dynamic, non-linear and time-varying viewpoints. The discrete and numeral processes involve a series of basic theory problems, such as how to synthetically consider different kinds of computation problems about manufacturing systems and processes with regard to digitization, how to establish formalization representations, construct effective computation models and propose highly effective computational methods, which is one of the basic theory problems that must be researched and solved in digital manufacturing. Computing manufacturing aims to integrate computational geometry, processing principles, sensor information fusion, network control and maintenance and computational intelligence methods by using the computer to represent, compute, reason and process the manufacturing process and manufacturing system (including geometric representation, computation, optimization and reasoning of manufacturing), to solve feature and geometric modeling, reasoning, control, planning, scheduling and management of complex calculation and analysis in the manufacturing process. Thus, computing manufacturing science is the core of digital manufacturing.

Chapter 13 - Quality Control

Chapter 13 - QUALITY CONTROL

Thailand's electronics industry has rapidly evolved over the past five decades. All manufacturers need to be ready to adapt the strategies to make competitiveness in the global market. Lean manufacturing is the manufacturing technique that is used to reduce lead times and operating costs and improve product quality to meet customer demand. Moreover, information system is a crucial part of any company of business as they monitor and manage to help the business be more efficient and productive. This study was to apply lean manufacturing and information system to improve the productivity of the electronics company in Thailand. The climate controller was selected in this study. It focused on the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) process due to the longest processing time and the complete manual process. This study was done in 2 phases. First, it was to create standardized work and determine standard time. ECRS stands for eliminate, combine, rearrange, and simplify. This principle was implemented with standard operating procedure (SOP) to standardize the manufacturing process. Time study technique was applied to determine the standard time of the manufacturing process. Second, it was to develop the performance dashboard. Data visualization tool was used to monitor, control, and report the efficiency of manufacturing processes. The result showed that the productivity increased from 132 to 156 units per day. It raised by 18%. The performance efficiency rate of all operators tends to continuously increase.

New data science and real-time modeling techniques facilitate better monitoring and control of manufacturing processes. By using real-time data models, industries can improve their processes and identify areas where resources are being wasted. Despite the challenges associated with implementing these data models in transient and multi-physical processes, they can significantly optimize operations, reduce trial and error, and minimize the overall environmental footprint. Implementing real-time data analytics allows industries to make quicker, informed decisions and immediate corrections to material processes. This ensures that manufacturing sustainability targets are regularly met and product quality is maintained. New concepts such as digital twins and digital shadows have been developed to bridge the gap between physical manufacturing processes and their virtual counterparts. These virtual models can be continuously updated with data from their physical counterparts, enabling real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of manufacturing processes. This paper demonstrates the predictive power of real-time reduced models within the digital twin framework to optimize process parameters using data-driven and hybrid techniques. Various reduced and real-time model-building techniques are investigated, with brief descriptions of their mathematical and analytical foundations. The role of machine learning (ML) and ML-assisted data schemes in enhancing predictions and corrections is also explored. Real-world applications of these reduced techniques for extrusion and additive manufacturing (AM) processes are presented as case studies.

A Real-World Application of Process Mining for Data-Driven Analysis of Multi-Level Interlinked Manufacturing Processes

The quarry that supplied two of the stones used for vessels during the Early Dynastic Period, green tuff and tuffaceous limestone, has been found on Gebel Manzal el-Seyl in Egypt's Eastern Desert. Scattered across this 3 km long ridge are about 200 excavations, and littering the ground around them are hundreds of roughed-out vessel blanks, several of which are inscribed with the sign ∩. The blanks were carried across the desert at least 200 km to the Nile Valley where the final carving and polishing was done.

In the manufacturing process, the welding spot of PCB may lose efficacy because of the strain and stress impact. The reason for the occurrence of high-stress zones is the effect of the load brought by the manufacturing and assembly process. It is a giant challenge for the industry community to solve the problem of welding spots losing efficacy.In this paper, the manufacturing techniques and assembly process will be analyzed first. With the analysis result, the main impact of load would be checked. Then, with the confirmed allowable stress by calculation, the value of input stress, which may cause the welding spot to lose efficacy, would be obtained. Finally, the result of this study would be confirmed by the simulation result generated by the finite element analysis software.

Partial table of contents: AUTOMATION. Automation (M. Groover). ENGINEERING DESIGN. Design for Manufacturing (Y. Hazony). MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND TOOLS. Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes (K. Rajurkar). PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MICROMANUFACTURING. Micromanufacturing (J. Jora-Almonte, et al.). DESIGN OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS. Analysis and Design of Manufacturing Systems (K. Hitomi). PLANNING, SCHEDULING, AND CONTROL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS. Manufacturing Process Planning (H.-c. Zhang). QUALITY ENGINEERING. Automated CAD-Based Vision Inspections (J. Ventura & J.-M. Chen). INFORMATION PROCESSING. Computer Networks in Manufacturing (S. Yeralan). BUSINESS ASPECTS OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING. Managing Advanced Manufacturing Technology (D. Gerwin). TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING. Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Manufacturing Equipment Diagnostics (A. Bajpai). STANDARDS. Standards and Prenorms in Design, Manufacturing, and Automation (F. Vernadat). Index.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the material-dependent fit of CAD/CAM-fabricated all-ceramic restorations, focusing on the marginal and internal fit of monolithic single-tooth crowns produced using chairside and labside manufacturing techniques with materials Vita Enamic® and Vita Suprinity® PC. Material and Methods: 56 CAD/CAM-fabricated all-ceramic crowns were analyzed, produced from Vita Enamic® and Vita Suprinity® PC materials using both chairside and labside methods. The crowns were fabricated based on the direct and indirect digitization of 14 model teeth. Marginal fit was evaluated using light microscopy at 24 defined measurement points per crown. Internal fit was assessed with the replica technique, where crowns were temporarily fixed with silicone on the model teeth, simulating cementation. The replicas were segmented to evaluate internal fit at 64 points. Statistical analysis was conducted using non-parametric rank-based methods with repeated measurements and correlation analysis. Results: A significant influence of the manufacturing process on marginal fit was found using light microscopy (p = 0.0064). However, the replica technique only confirmed this effect for internal fit (p = 0.0288), not for marginal fit (p = 0.1496). Material choice significantly affected marginal fit (p < 0.0001), with no significant material effect on internal fit (p = 0.4376). A significant correlation between the results from the light microscopy and replica techniques was established, confirming the validity of the findings. Discussion: The results indicate that both manufacturing technique (chairside vs. labside) and material type (Vita Enamic® vs. Vita Suprinity® PC) play significant roles in the fit of CAD/CAM-fabricated all-ceramic crowns. While the marginal fit was significantly influenced by both factors, the internal fit was more closely linked to the manufacturing process than the material used. The findings underscore the importance of precise control over both the material and manufacturing technique in achieving optimal fit in clinical practice. Conclusion: CAD/CAM-fabricated all-ceramic restorations, specifically monolithic single-tooth crowns, show promising results for clinical application. However, the study emphasizes the necessity of standardized methods for evaluating the marginal and internal fit of these restorations. Further studies, particularly clinical long-term trials, should focus on refining manufacturing processes and exploring new materials to optimize restoration quality and fit.

Recent Publications on Archaeological Ceramic Analyses and their Contributions to the Study of Ancient Pottery Technology