Abstract
Favolaschia calocera was originally described from Madagascar, and reported to have a worldwide distribution. In the current study, samples of the Favolaschia calocera from Central America, Australia, China, Kenya, Italy, New Zealand, and Thailand were analyzed by using both morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) dataset, and the combined five-locus dataset of ITS, large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mt-SSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nu-SSU), and the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1). Our study proves that Favolaschia calocera is a species complex, and six species are recognized in the complex including four new species. Three new species F. brevibasidiata, F. brevistipitata, and F. longistipitata from China; and one new species F. minutissima from Asia. In addition, Favolaschia claudopus (Singer) Q.Y. Zhang & C. Dai, earlier treated as a variety of Favolaschia calocera R. Heim, were raised to species rank. Illustrated descriptions of these five new taxa are given. An identification key and a comparison of the characteristics of species in the Favolaschia calocera complex are provided.
Highlights
Favolaschia (Pat.) Pat. (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) was established based on F. gaillardii (Pat.) Pat. [1]
Studied specimens collected by authors or new collections from China and Australia are deposited at the herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC)
The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) dataset had an aligned length of 816 characters, of which 522 characters are constant, 122 characters are variable but parsimony uninformative, and 172 characters are parsimony informative
Summary
Favolaschia (Pat.) Pat. (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) was established based on F. gaillardii (Pat.) Pat. [1]. (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) was established based on F. gaillardii (Pat.) Pat. Heim was first described from Madagascar [11]. It differs from other species in the genus by its bright orange or yellow basidiocarps with a distinct laterally stipe and numerous gloeocystidia and acanthocysts. Favolaschia calocera is a conspicuous fungus, and it is known to occur in different environments, such as forests or shrub-lands, non-forested rural areas, home or public gardens etc., and occurs on over 50 different plant species, such as decaying dicotyledonous tree trunks, logs, and branches [12,13]
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