Taxonomy and phylogeny of the brown-rot fungi: Fomitopsis and its related genera

Mei-Ling Han,Josef Vlasák,Jie Song,Bao-Kai Cui,Yu-Cheng Dai,Lu-Lu Shen,Yuan-Yuan Chen

doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0364-y

Abstract

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on the brown-rot fungi, Fomitopsis and its related genera, are carried out. On the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), six new genera, Fragifomes, Niveoporofomes, Piptoporellus, Rhodofomitopsis, Rubellofomes and Ungulidaedalea are established. Four new species, Buglossoporus eucalypticola, Daedalea allantoidea, Piptoporellus hainanensis and P. triqueter are descibed from China. Illustrated descriptions of the novel species are provided. Identification keys to Fomitopsis and its related genera, as well as keys to the species of each genus are provided.

Highlights

The genus is characterized by mostly perennial, sessile to effused-reflexed, tough to woody hard basidiocarps, white to tan or pinkish-colored pore surface with mostly small and regular pores, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, subglobose to cylindrical basidiospores which are negative in Melzer’s reagent, and causing a brown rot (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980; Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1986a; Núñez and Ryvarden 2001; Ryvarden and Melo 2014; Han and Cui 2015)
More than 40 species have been accepted in the genus worldwide (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980; Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1986a; Rajchenberg 1995a; Núñez and Ryvarden 2001; Hattori 2003; Kim et al 2007; Hattori and Sotome 2013; Ryvarden and Melo 2014; Han and Cui 2015), of which 14 species are recorded from China (Dai 2012; Zhou and Wei 2012; Li et al 2013; Han et al 2014; Han and Cui 2015)
The studied specimens are deposited at the herbaria of the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, China (BJFC), the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (IFP), the private herbarium of Dr J

Summary

Introduction

The phylogeny (Fig. 1) inferred from ITS + nLSU + rpb2 sequences demonstrates 34 major lineages (including six new genera) for the sampled 80 species of the antrodia clade, and Fomitopsis s. D. stereoides Fr. produce pileate, mostly perennial, coriaceous to corky or hard corky basidiocarps, irregular, labyrinthine/daedaleoid to poroid hymenophores, ochraceous to pale cinnamon or cork-colored hymenophore surface, brownish context, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and more or less branched skeletal hyphae and cylindrical to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980; Núñez and Ryvarden 2001; Lindner et al 2011).

Results

Conclusion