Abstract

Objectives This study provides a detailed description and analysis of the underlying layers of the hidden realities of the daily life of women rough sleepers in Mashhad, Iran. It aims to explore rough-sleeping women’s needs in tumultuous street life and their strategies to address them. Methods Through qualitative analysis and 32 in-depth interviews by drug addict women between the ages of 22 and 50 conducted in forced camps in Mashhad in 2023, this research investigates the needs of rough-sleeping females and their strategies to address them. Results The study identifies six essential needs: food, clothing, shelter, health, security, and emotional/sexual well-being. The women utilize a range of strategies to meet these needs, categorized as normative (following social norms), non-normative (deviating from norms), and counter-normative (directly challenging norms). Conclusions The findings highlight the interconnectedness of homelessness and addiction, emphasizing the need for targeted government programs for addiction treatment and prevention.

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