Abstract
Background: Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) is used as an alternative medicine by the community to treat various diseases. However, limited research has been conducted on the subchronic toxicity of Indian almond water extracts on the liver. Present study aimed to determine the subchronic toxic effects of Indian almond leaf water extract on the liver histology of mice and to evaluate the safe dose of Indian almond leaf water extract with various doses (125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg). Methods: In total of 33 male mice were randomly divided into 11 groups, each group consisting of three mice as replication. For 30 days, mice in five treatment groups were orally treated every day with water extracts of green Indian almond leaf while other five groups were given water extracts of brown Indian almond leaves and compare with control group. At the end of day 30, all mice were sacrificed, and hepar was taken out for histological preparations. The histopathological changes in the liver was observed and assessed based on histological damage in the term of degeneration and necrosis. Results: The administration of green and brown Indian almond water extract at doses of 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg / kg BB showed a toxic effect on the liver of mice. The toxic effect was due to the high doses, causing a cell swelling damage and increased liver necrosis. Conclusion: Indian almond leaf water extract can cause toxic effects on the liver of mice at the doses implemented.
Highlights
Indonesia has a variety of medicinal plants, reaching more than 1000 types
One of the plants currently being explored for its potential and use among researchers is Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) (Allyn et al, 2018)
Toxicity test is a test to evaluate the safety aspects of a drug intended as a medicinal product (Makalalag et al, 2019; Mangirang et al, 2019; Wresdiyati & Handharyani, 2019), While the subchronic toxicity test is a test to evaluate the toxicity of a compound that is performed for a long duration time (Darmawan et al, 2020; Kasmawati et al, 2020)
Summary
Indonesia has a variety of medicinal plants, reaching more than 1000 types. The medicinal potential of plants has been introduced from old time ancestors who were explored scientifically to obtained data scientific. The present study aimed to determine the subchronic toxic effects of Indian almond leaf water extract on the liver histology of mice and to evaluate the safe dose of Indian almond leaf water extract with various doses (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg). Results: The administration of green and brown Indian almond water extract at doses of 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg BW showed a toxic effect on the liver of mice. Conclusion: Indian almond leaf water extract can cause toxic effects on mice's liver at the doses implemented. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksik subkronik ekstrak daun ketapang terhadap histologi hepar mencit dan untuk mengetahui dosis aman ekstrak daun ketapang dengan konsentrasi 125, 250, 500, 750 dan 1000 mg/kg BB. Hasil: Pemberian ekstrak daun ketapang hijau dan coklat dengan dosis 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, dan 1000 mg/kg BB memberikan efek toksik terhadap hepar mencit. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak air daun ketapang dapat menimbulkan efek toksik pada hepar mencit pada dosis yang dicoba
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