Abstract
This paper presents a study of linearity in wideband CMOS low noise amplifiers (LNA) and its relationship to power consumption in context of Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems and its future developments. Using proposed figure of merit (FoM) to compare 35 state-of-the-art LNA circuits published over the last decade, the paper explores a dependence between amplifier performance (i.e., combined linearity, noise figure, and gain) and power consumption. In order to satisfy stringent linearity specifications for LTE standard (and its likely successors), the paper predicts that LNA FoM increase in the range of +0.2 dB/mW is expected and will inevitably translate into a significant increase in power consumption—a critical budget planning aspect for handheld devices, active antenna arrays, and base stations operating in small cells.
Highlights
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a generation communication standard developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [1], allowing a high data rate transmission over radio interface
This paper addresses the question of how high linearity levels of low noise amplifiers (LNA) have to be to satisfy LTE requirements for given signal to noise ratio (SNR) and what is a possible power penalty for achieving this goal, providing a vital information on how much power has to be budgeted for an RF receiver front-end design
The presented results show that, in general, LNA linearity as a standalone parameter is indirectly dependent on power
Summary
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a generation communication standard developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [1], allowing a high data rate transmission over radio interface It represents a natural progression from voice transmission systems as GSM through UMTS (with increased spectral efficiency for data transmission) to data transmission scheme, where the majority of system throughput is used for high quality audiovisual streaming, internet access, file sharing, and gaming, with peak downlink bandwidths in excess of 100 Mbps [2]. When high performance wideband filter is not available, together with a wanted signal, radio receiver detects and tries to process many unwanted components of the spectrum, in most cases having an average power much larger than that of the signal of interest.
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