Structural Transformation of Society and Development of Criminality: A Case Study from of Sri Lanka

Abstract

In this study, examines how criminality has evolved in the history of Sri Lanka in post independent era and explains the various socio-cultural, economic, political factors and forces that shaped the criminal acts. In doing so, I will also explain how such criminal acts have been addressed by the legal system of the country. In this historical analysis of crime in Sri Lanka, I will explore their trends and patterns, causes, and social and cultural contexts. In addition, the nature of crimes as they occurred during the last 30 years of the civil war, and how vulnerable groups have involved in crime will be examined. The long term crimes trends and high rates of crime fluctuate and reflect that they fluctuate in accordance with political upheavals in the country. Crimes related to political activities began to appear after 1970s, and until then the picture of crime in Sri Lanka was very much like any other traditional society. Thus the late 70s showed the beginning of organized crimes and gang crimes, and the crimes related to drugs increased in numbers and reported in various communities after 1980s. The development of the tourist trade, opening of the economy in late 1970s and the civil war that started in early 1980s have contributed to this change in crimes patterns. During the post war period, crimes committed by army deserters have been increased. The factors that have contributed to the new developments in crime rates and patterns include, the civil war, changes in political culture, media, and introduction of new technology. The legal system and its loopholes, postponement of trials, loss of trust in the legal system, the gap between the rich and the poor, urbanization and development of a poor urban class, less certainty and severity of punishment are seen as background factors that contributed to the increased rates of crimes and its new patterns in Sri Lanka.