Stabilization of zero-valent iron for wastewater treatment: Challenges and future prospective

Abstract

Cost effectiveness and environmental toxicity are the two most important factors in environmental remediation technologies and sustainable development. In this regard, technology based on nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) or iron nanoparticles has proven to be particularly promising. Because of its large surface area and prominent reductive character, it is relatively inexpensive and easy to adopt when compared to alternatives. However, nano zero valent iron has several disadvantages, such as passivation, agglomeration and corrosion, which can impair reactivity and efficiency, as well as have some negative impacts on living organisms. nZVI surface modification is an alternate strategy for increasing optimization, mobility, improving reduction capacity, and longevity, as well as environmental toxicity and lowering agglomeration rate. In this reviewthe most recent and advanced surface modification strategies of nZVI applied to the treatment of pollutants of rising concern are discussed and analysed in depth.