Abstract
Abstract When small amounts of niobia are added to lead titanate zirconate with composition Pb(Zr0.54Ti0.46)O3 near the morphotropic (tetragonal–rhombohedral) phase boundary, the modified ceramics show different densities and different ranges of piezoelectric resonance frequency. Ceramic materials have been obtained where the cation stoichiometry has been adjusted to allow for charge compensation of the donor ions by Pb vacancies. The Tawfik percentage of 0.8 wt % Nb is a particular composition to obtain high piezoelectric among the crystallites. This is attributed to residual 180° domains after poling. For ′ < 0.8 wt % Nb, a high-frequency resonator can be obtained. Particular attention is also given to the properties of water in the ocean, which limit the propagation of underwater sound to be used for radar.
Published Version
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