Abstract
ABSTRACT An eco-friendly biogenic method was developed for the green synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles using plant extracts via the sol–gel method. Over recent decades, various nano-scale techniques have been advanced to design biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and efficiency. Biomaterials consist of biological recognition elements and physical/chemical transducers, offering significant advantages in high throughput processing. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of NiO nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD revealed a high-purity crystalline cubic structure, while UV-vis spectroscopy using the Tauc plot showed a blue shift in the band gap. FTIR confirmed the presence of NiO functional groups on the surface. Despite significant progress in biomaterials, challenges remain in improving the stability of such samples.
Published Version
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