Abstract
There are two groups of early Greek thinkers of whom we are told that they regarded the soul as a harmonia of the body or its parts. The first is represented for us by Simmias and Echecrates in Plato's Phaedo (85 e ff, 88 d) and is also mentioned by Aristotle.' The second consists of two followers of Aristotle, Dicaearchus and Aristoxenos.2 Their doctrine attracted a good deal of attention in antiquity and some more recent historians have seen in it an anticipation of modern epiphenomenalist ideas;3 but to my knowledge there has been no comprehensive modern discussion of it since della Valle's article published in 1905. In the first part of this paper I shall try to determine the exact meaning of this theory and what differences, if any, are to be found between its adherents. In the second I shall attempt to trace its origins.
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