Abstract
The main challenge of agriculture is to ensure food security in line with yield increases and minimize environmental costs due to complex interactions between social, economic, and ecological factors. Here we review to identify the impacts of socio-economic factors on crop production efficiency between China and Ethiopia. To set the economic reform and improve the grain yields in rural China, a series of policies on land reforms from communal systems to tax cancelation and subsidies have been implemented. Similar to China, Ethiopia has also experienced different types of land reform from landlord and peasant structure to land as the common property of nations, nationalities, and peoples of Ethiopia. The Gross Domestic Products per capita trends which represent the mean standard of leaving of residents in a country show almost similar growth in the 1980s while later significant variation was achieved between the two countries. It is suggested that to meet food security and increase agricultural efficiency in Ethiopia better infrastructure development that meets socio-economic demands should be prioritized while in China policies to reduce fertilizer inputs are highly recommended to minimize the environmental costs due to high agricultural inputs for sustainable agriculture growth.
Highlights
The world population is expected to grow about 9.7 billion by 2050% Nations United (2019)
The great challenge agriculture face is to ensure food security through enhancing yield and reducing the environmental costs because agriculture production systems are influenced by complex interactions between social, economic, and ecological factors which are sometimes difficult to integrate into a common analytical framework Chen et al (2013), Chen et al (2014), Nkurunziza et al (2020)
The Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) had formulated the new policy in which the constitution of the country states that ''land is the common property of nations, nationalities, and peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subjected to sale or other means of exchange’’ which implies that both public and government had ownership rights over land
Summary
The world population is expected to grow about 9.7 billion by 2050% Nations United (2019). China is facing many challenges to maintain its targeted grain self-sufficiency of 95%, which loss of cultivable land, limited water resources, impacts of climate changes, frequent natural disaster, increased demand from population growth, vulnerable ecosystems, improved standard of living, and outdated agricultural infrastructure are the most prominent one Ghose (2014). Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan African countries that are facing an overwhelming challenge to achieve food security and sustainable rehabilitation of natural resource degradation base due to fast population growth and poor technological progress in agriculture leading to poverty. To solve the diversity of problems facing smallholder farmer investment priorities and policies must emphasize the resources they utilize, their choices of activities, the whole structure of their lives which are linked to biological, physical, economic, and cultural environmental factors in which they survive and over which they have limmited control FAO and World Bank (2001)
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